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A stateless person is someone with no citizenship or nationality. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty It may be because the state that gave their previous nationality has ceased to exist and there is no successor state, or their nationality has been repudiated by their own state, effectively making them refugees. Succession of states is a theory in International relations regarding the recognition and acceptance of a newly created State by other states based on Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race People may also be stateless if they are members of a group which is denied citizen status in the country on whose territory they are born, if they are born in disputed territories, if they are born in an area ruled by an entity whose independence is not internationally recognized, or if they are born on territory over which no modern state claims sovereignty.

Individuals may also become stateless voluntarily, by formally renouncing their citizenship while on foreign soil; however, not all states recognize such renunciations on the part of their citizens. Often, depending on the specific laws of the countries involved, one may not renounce a citizenship unless one is a dual citizen and can show citizenship in a country other than that of the undesired citizenship. Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state. Consulates do not want to deal with the complications associated with statelessness if they can avoid it. However, consular officials are unlikely to be familiar with all citizenship laws of all countries, so there still can be situations where statelessness might arise. For example, children born outside Canada to a Canadian parent or parents are, under certain circumstances, required to establish Canadian residency by age 28 or lose Canadian citizenship. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada or birth abroad when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen or by adoption abroad by at least one Canadian citizen If such a person held dual citizenship and, as a young adult, renounced the second citizenship on the strength of his or her Canadian passport, and then subsequently failed to establish the required Canadian residency, he or she could end up stateless. Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state.

Some areas are home to stateless persons. In some cases, such as that of ethnic Russians in Latvia, conditions for citizenship may be problematic or difficult to satisfy. Non-citizens or aliens (nepilsoņi in Latvian law are individuals who are not citizens of Latvia or any other country but who in accordance with the Latvian In some enclave areas, such as parts of Sudan and Afghanistan, people may have no practical contact with a potentially passport-issuing state which nominally claims sovereignty over them. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت,

While stateless persons were more common before the 20th century, when many states were somewhat fragile entities, on September 20, 1954 the United Nations adopted the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons: an active policy to prevent people becoming or remaining stateless. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security States which have ratified the Convention are bound to give stateless persons rights similar to those granted aliens of comparable status. Despite this, there are still Kurdish, Palestinian, Sahrawi and Tibetan refugees who claim asylum due to statelessness, for example. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The Tibetan people are indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the North and West to Myanmar and China Proper

Contents

De facto statelessness

Cases of de facto statelessness have arisen due to historical provisions of British nationality law which led to cases where people have had a British passport without right of abode in the United Kingdom. This article concerns the history of British nationality law. British passports may be issued to people holding any of the various forms of British nationality. Right of abode is a status under United Kingdom immigration laws that gives an unrestricted right to live in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Those with such status who did not have citizenship or residence rights in any other country were effectively stateless despite holding British nationality. Examples of this include the people in Hong Kong not of Chinese descent after the turnover to the People's Republic of China in 1997. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

Effective 30 April 2003, as part of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 the United Kingdom gave most British nationals without any other citizenship the right to register as full British citizens if they wish and has hence resolved most of the British cases of effective statelessness. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. A similar case can be seen in illegal aliens who cannot be expelled due to specific provisions (health issues, stateless persons who by definition cannot be expelled to their "original country", refugees who are not accepted by their original state, etc. Illegal immigration refers to Immigration across National Borders in a way that violates the Immigration laws of the destination Country According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race ): they thus live in a judicial no man's land. No man's land is a term for land that is not occupied or more specifically land that is under dispute between countries or areas that will not occupy it because of fear or uncertainty

Statelessness in Brunei

Brunei Darussalam, a country in South East Asia, has many stateless persons domiciled there. Brunei Darussalam, (bruːˈnaɪ in English officially the State of Brunei Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: برني دارالسلام An important note is that the number of stateless persons increase every year because Brunei denies every child a Brunei citizenship as long as they are born to parents who also are stateless despite being born on Brunei soil. [1] This causes serious problems of prejudice and discrimination faced by the parents and their children especially when it comes to immigration affairs whilst traveling. Furthermore, the government of Brunei seems to prefer stateless persons to stay that way by detering any process of naturalization. After passive protests by stateless persons (who are permanent residents of Brunei but who hold an International Certificate of Identity passport not recognised by most countries) in the local newspaper, the government responded by allowing stateless persons to become citizens only if they sit for a written exam on their language proficiency in Bahasa Melayu (the local language). The test focuses on composition, comprehension, local tradition of the Malay race, local culture and knowledge of the Malay race, traditional Malay poems, the Royal Malay jargan and the names of the persons currently holding high government positions in the government such as ministers. This method of initiation is said to be problematic and unfair for many reasons one of which is that many people do not know the language proficiently and as well as local intricate Malay culture especially since a lot of such stateless persons are Chinese and especially since many of these cultures tested on are just no longer a part of many of the people's lives even to those who are citizens.

Many who go for this exam take breaks from their work to go for tuition and private study for months just to obtain such knowledge for the exam. Those who do, end up with more local traditional knowledge than most of those people who are granted citizenship naturally by birth. Many people pass this exam but many more others fail and keep on failing after numerous tries. Furthermore, the application process takes years each time. This process has been said to serve no purpose but to deny as many people as the government can from gaining citizenship. Many PR stateless persons feel that such steps by the government are unfavorable and citizenship should be granted to them by right of their birth on Brunei soil. Such practices are in contravention of Article 7 of Convention on the Rights of the Child[2] which Brunei ratified on 26th January 1996. [3] Article 7 states the following:

1. The child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality and as far as possible, the right to know and be cared for by his or her parents.

2. States Parties shall ensure the implementation of these rights in accordance with their national law and their obligations under the relevant international instruments in this field, in particular where the child would otherwise be stateless.

Detainees in Guantanamo Bay

See also: No longer enemy combatant

While detainees in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp with citizenship in countries such as France,[4] Britain,[5], Sweden [6] or Germany[7] have at times been released and accepted into their respective countries, other countries have refused to allow former Guantanamo detainees to enter their borders, leaving such detainees hung in a stateless limbo. No Longer Enemy Combatant, ( NLEC) is a US military term for Guantanamo captives whose Combatant Status Review Tribunal determined they have The Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp is a controversial United States Detention center operated by Joint Task Force Guantanamo since 2002 in Guantanamo [8] 82 such prisoners exist, as of April 2007, denied asylum by the United States and blocked from entering other foreign countries. [8] A notable group of such prisoners is the Uyghur captives in Guantanamo, members of a Turkic ethnic group in China who refuse to return to China for fear of government persecution. The United States government has held twenty-two Uyghurs in Guantanamo Bay detainment camp. A few of these captives have been granted asylum by Albania, but others still remain imprisoned in Guantanamo. [8] Other countries refusing to accept Guantanamo prisoners include Yemen and Algeria; the Washington Post reports, "Foreign governments have questioned why U. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D S. officials should expect other countries to pitch in, given that Washington won't offer asylum to detainees either. "[8]

United States law bans the government from shipping people to countries in which they could be persecuted or tortured; each individual case is reviewed, adding to the length of the extremely slow legal process. [8] But even prisoners coming from a Western country are not guaranteed admittance: Britain, for example, has refused to accept six immigrants captive in Guantanamo. [8] Human rights advocates have proposed that the US could shorten the stateless limbo in which the prisoners are held by appealing for help from an international group such as the United Nations, but the US has not done so. [8]

In popular culture

A slightly tragicomic portrayal of this condition is the film The Terminal (2004), in which a man is forced to live in an airport due to his unrecognized citizenship status (his homeland had a military coup while he was in transit and the US government refused to recognize its new government). The Terminal is a 2004 Comedy-drama Film written by Andrew Niccol and Sacha Gervasi. This story was inspired in part by the real-life story of Mehran Karimi Nasseri, who spent almost two decades in the Charles de Gaulle Airport, originally due to conflicts with French law (he refused to claim being an Iranian refugee) plus also the fact he was not welcome in his countries of origin (Iran and Belgium) nor his destination (the United Kingdom). Mehran Karimi Nasseri (مهران کریمی ناصری kʲæriːˈmiː nɔːseˈriː}} (born 1942 also known as Sir Alfred Mehran (including the comma is an Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located He was eventually granted and served with French immigration documents, but subsequently refused to leave the building.

The book The Death Ship (1926), by B. The Death Ship ( German title Das Totenschiff) is a Novel by the pseudonymous author known as B Traven, describes the predicament of merchant seamen who lack documentation of citizenship and cannot find legal residence or employment in any nation.

In the made for TV movie, The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story (1988), the famed flight attendant Uli, played by Lindsay Wagner, is seen in a late scene singing "Heimatlos" to Castro, the ringleader of the hijackers. The Taking of Flight 847 The Uli Derickson Story, also marketed as The Flight on video is a 1988 made-for-TV film based on the actual Lindsay Jean Wagner (born June 22, 1949) is an Emmy Award winning American actress, best known for her role as Jaime Sommers "Heimatlos" is a German song referring to the homeless people of the world. Which is why once the lullaby ends, Castro says, "It could be about us. "

In Laurel and Hardy's last movie, Atoll K (1951), a stateless refugee Antoine, played by Max Elloy, tries to smuggle himself ashore with shipments of zoo animals. Laurel and Hardy were the popular American -based comedy team of thin British-born Stan Laurel (1890-1965 and heavy American-born Oliver Hardy (1892-1957 Atoll K is a 1951 French / Italian film starring the comedy team of Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy in their final screen When caught, he pleads, "You land monkeys without a passport, and not human beings. " Antoine agrees to sail with Laurel and Hardy to their newly inherited island, since no other land will accept him. En route they discover an uncharted new island, which they name "Crusoeland," and because Antoine was the first to set foot on it, no other nation can claim it and they are allowed to declare it an independent country. The term desert island, or deserted island, refers to an Island which is uninhabited or sparsely inhabited New islands are islands which have literally just been created whether by means of Vulcanism, Erosion, glacial retreat, or other mechanisms Laurel and Hardy explain Antoine's predicament. Hardy: "You see, he's what is known as a stateless man, in other words, a misplaced person. " Laurel: "You see, he's lost and he can't find himself. "

Famous stateless/formerly stateless people

See also

References

  1. ^ Brudirect.com - Local News
  2. ^ Convention on the Rights of the Child
  3. ^ http://www.unhchr.ch/pdf/report.pdf
  4. ^ Guantanamo inmates back in France BBC News. Experimental infobox see Wikipedia talkPersondata before changing --> Alexander Grothendieck (born March 28, 1928 in Berlin, Germany Surrounding Events The United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights were approved on 10 December 1948. The problem of statelessness Common ways people may become stateless and which are addressed by this Convention are Renunciation of Nationality Al-Kateb v Godwin was a decision of the High Court of Australia, which ruled on 6 August 2004 that the indefinite detention of a Stateless person Bidun jinsiya (or bidoon jinsiya) is an Arabic term meaning "without nationality The Origins of Totalitarianism is a book by Hannah Arendt which classed Nazism and Stalinism as Totalitarian movements Nansen passports were internationally recognized identity cards first issued by the League of Nations to stateless Refugees. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race Refugee law is the branch of International law which deals with the rights and protection of related to but distinct from International human rights law and Statelessness is the Legal and social concept of a person lacking belonging (or a legally enforceable claim to any recognised State. The Man Without a Country was a short story published anonymously by Edward Everett Hale, in the Atlantic Monthly in 1863 Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.
  5. ^ Tania Branigan and Vikram Dodd (August 4 2004). "Afghanistan to Guantánamo Bay - the story of three British detainees". The Guardian.  
  6. ^ Många luckor i Mehdi Ghezalis berättelse Svenska Dagbladet.
  7. ^ BBC NEWS | World | Europe | German Turk freed from Guantanamo
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Craig Whitlock (April 28, 2007). Craig Michael Whitlock (born 1968? is a journalist working for The Washington Post. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Freedom delayed for 82 inmates cleared at Guantanamo. Washington Post. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Retrieved on 2007-05-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.

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