State police are a type of sub-national territorial police force, particularly in Australia and the United States. The phrase Territorial Police Force varies in precise meaning according to the country to which it is related generally distinguishing a force whose area of responsibility is defined For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Some other countries have analogous police forces, such as the provincial police in some Canadian provinces, while in other places, the same responsibilities are held by national police forces. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
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United States
In the United States, state police are a police body unique to each U. This is the list of US state and local law enforcement agencies &mdash statewide Government agencies ( State police) of the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force S. state, having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. In general, they perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff, such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex, protecting the governor, training new officers for local police forces too small to operate an academy, providing technological and scientific support services, and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases in those states that grant full police powers statewide. SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI. Traffic on Roads may consist of Pedestrians ridden or herded Animals Vehicles Streetcars and other Conveyances either singly State highway, state road or state route can refer to one of three related concepts two of them related to a State government in a country that is divided The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) A general trend has been to bring all of these agencies under a state Department of Public Safety. The Department of Public Safety, also called an Office of Public Safety, is a state or local government umbrella agency in the United States which serves Additionally, they may serve under different state departments such as the Highway Patrol under the state Department of Transportation and the Marine patrol under the Department of Natural Resources. Water police, also called harbour patrols, port police, marine/maritime police, nautical patrols, bay constables or river police Twenty-three U.S. states use the term "State Police. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government " Some states, such as Arkansas and New Hampshire, have both a state police and a highway patrol. Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America.
History
The first state police emerged in the U. S. following the anthracite mine strike of 1902 in Pennsylvania. The Coal Strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the Anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The passage of legislation did not provoke controversy because it was quietly rushed through the mine-owner dominated legislature, but the strike-breaking role of the new police elicited strong opposition from organized labor, who likened them to the repressive Russian cossacks under the tsar. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. [1] President Theodore Roosevelt, himself a former New York City Chief of Police, noted that the Pennsylvania State Police were intended to replace the infamous Coal and Iron Police, the private company police used to counter unionism:
"When the laboring masses rocked in mortal combat with the vested interest, the State stepped in to prove her impartial justice by selling her authority into the vested interests' hands! . Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T The City of New York Chief of Police is the title typically given to the head of a Police department, particularly in North America. The Pennsylvania State Police (PSP is the State police force of Pennsylvania, responsible for statewide law enforcement The Coal and Iron Police was a private police force established by the Pennsylvania General Assembly but employed and paid by the various coal companies Company police, also called Private Police, are Police officers who work for a private company rather than a government agency . . whenever the miners elected to go out on strike . . . they invariably found the power of the State bought, paid for, and fighting as a partisan on their employers' side. Nor was there any attempt made to do this monstrous thing under mask of decency. "[2]
Roosevelt's assertions notwithstanding, the Iron and Coal Police continued to operate in increasing numbers into the 1930s.
The formation of the next state police force in the United States in 1917 was amidst controversy and public debate, and the legislation creating it passed by only one vote. [3] Proponents of a proposal to establish the New York State Police depicted state police as the policemen-soldiers of an impartial state in labor disputes, and saw in them "no gendarmerie, no carabinieri," intimating that labor's opposition was "un-American. The New York State Police ( NYSP) is the State police force of 4600 sworn Troopers for the state of New York. A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian The Carabinieri (Italian for Carabiniers are the national-level Gendarmerie of Italy who also perform Military police duties "[4] Instead, they were to be more like the Northwest Mounted Police of Canada or the trooper police of Australia, both of which had a much more respectable reputation than the maligned forces evoked by trade unionists. The Northern Territory Police (NTP is the Police body that has legal jurisdiction over the Northern Territory of Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming [4] Outside of Pennsylvania, the new state police were also established to free up the National Guard from strikebreaking duties, which was extensive in the later 19th century and early decades of the 20th. For the National Guard of a State and other countries' National Guard see National Guard.
The strikebreaking demands on the new state police decreased over time and their mandate modernized with the creation of the inter-state highway system and proliferation of the automobile. While the early "state troopers," as the name implies, were mounted troops, by mid-century they were fully motorized police forces. Mounted police are Police who patrol on Horseback They continue to serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque
State Police
Twenty-three U. S. states actually call their state police by that term. These forces are fully empowered law enforcement agencies with statewide jurisdiction, which conduct patrols and respond to calls for service and perform all the other aforementioned duties. The State Police may be the name of the independent agency or it may fall under a Department of Public Safety. The Department of Public Safety, also called an Office of Public Safety, is a state or local government umbrella agency in the United States which serves These states are: Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Arkansas State Police is the State police agency for Arkansas, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state The Connecticut State Police ( CSP) is a division of the Connecticut Department of Public Safety responsible for traffic regulation and law enforcement across The Delaware State Police ( DSP) is a division of the Delaware Department of Public Safety and Homeland Security and is responsible for traffic regulation and law enforcement The Idaho State Police (ISP is the statewide Law enforcement agency for the state of Idaho. The Illinois State Police (ISP is the State police force of Illinois. The Indiana State Police is the statewide law enforcement agency for the state of Indiana. The Kentucky State Police (KSP is a department of the Kentucky Justice and Public Safety Cabinet The Louisiana State Police (French La Police d'État de la Louisianne is the State police department of Louisiana, which has Jurisdiction anywhere The Maine State Police is the State police agency for Maine, which has Jurisdiction across the state The Maryland State Police is the official State police force of the State of Maryland. The Massachusetts State Police ( MSP) is an agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ' Executive Office of Public Safety responsible for criminal law enforcement The Michigan State Police (MSP is the State police agency for the State of Michigan. The New Hampshire State Police is a State police agency within the Department of Safety of the U The New Jersey State Police ( NJSP) is the State police force for the state of New Jersey. The New Mexico State Police is the State police agency for New Mexico, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state The New York State Police ( NYSP) is the State police force of 4600 sworn Troopers for the state of New York. The Oregon State Police (OSP is the main state law enforcement agency of the U The Pennsylvania State Police (PSP is the State police force of Pennsylvania, responsible for statewide law enforcement The Rhode Island State Police ( RISP) is an agency of the state of Rhode Island responsible for statewide law enforcement and regulation especially in areas underserved The Vermont State Police (VSP is the state police agency for the U The Virginia Department of State Police, established in 1932, is the State police force for the Commonwealth of Virginia. The West Virginia State Police is a Paramilitary organization state law enforcement agency in the United States that provides statewide police services to
The Alaska State Police was renamed Alaska State Troopers in 1967. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Alaska State Troopers are the State Police for the State of Alaska a Division of the Alaska Department of Public Safety
The California State Police (CSP), a security police agency, was merged into the California Highway Patrol in 1995. The California State Police was a Security police agency founded in 1887 which served to protect the State Capitol Building, the Governor and other Security police are those persons employed by or for a governmental agency who provide police and security services to their properties The California Highway Patrol (CHP is a state agency that acts as the State police force of California.
Highway Patrol
In other states, the state police are known by different names. However, most have the same jurisdiction over the entire state as the agencies that are simply called "State Police". The rankings of the highway patrol may be trooper or officer. A police officer (also known as a policeman or policewoman) is a warranted employee of a Police force. The names are usually historical and do not necessarily describe the agency's function or jurisdiction. They may exist as part of or separate from the state police:
- State Highway Patrol (Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio);
- Highway Patrol (Alabama, California, Florida, Kansas, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire [1], North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming),
- State Patrol (Colorado, Georgia, Minnesota, Nebraska, Iowa, Washington, Wisconsin);
- Highway Police in Arkansas [2]. The Missouri State Highway Patrol is the Highway patrol agency for Missouri, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state The North Carolina State Highway Patrol is the Highway patrol agency for North Carolina, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state except for The Ohio State Highway Patrol is a division of the Ohio Department of Public Safety and is the official Highway patrol and de facto State police A highway patrol is either a Police agency created primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing Traffic safety Compliance on roads and highways The Alabama Highway Patrol is the Highway patrol agency for Alabama, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state The California Highway Patrol (CHP is a state agency that acts as the State police force of California. The Division of the Florida Highway Patrol ( FHP) is a division of the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles and the Law enforcement agency The Kansas Highway Patrol is a Law-enforcement agency that serves the entire state of Kansas. The Mississippi Highway Patrol is the Highway patrol agency for Mississippi, which has Jurisdiction on most of the state and federal highways in the State The Montana Highway Patrol (MHP is the Highway patrol agency for Montana, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state Nevada Highway Patrol (NHP is a division of the Nevada Department of Public Safety that is responsible for law enforcement across the entire state of Nevada. The North Dakota Highway Patrol is the state patrol force for the state of North Dakota. The Oklahoma Highway Patrol is a major state law enforcement agency of the Government of Oklahoma. The South Carolina Highway Patrol (SCHP is a division of the South Carolina Department of Public Safety responsible for enforcing the traffic laws of the state of South The South Dakota Highway Patrol is the State Police agency for South Dakota, which has Jurisdiction everywhere in the state except for Native American reservations The Tennessee Highway Patrol (THP is the Highway patrol agency for the U The Texas Highway Patrol is a division of the Texas Department of Public Safety and has the responsible for general police traffic supervision traffic and Criminal The Utah Highway Patrol (UHP is the Highway patrol agency for Utah, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state The Wyoming Highway Patrol is the Highway patrol agency for Wyoming, which has Jurisdiction anywhere in the state See also Law and government of Colorado The Colorado State Patrol (originally known as the Colorado State Highway Courtesy Patrol) based in Lakewood The Georgia Department of Public Safety is a state body that is responsible for state wide law enforcement and public safety within the American State of Georgia. The Minnesota State Patrol is the statewide police force in the state of Minnesota. The State Patrol is Nebraska's only statewide full-service law enforcement agency The Iowa State Patrol is the State police organization in the state of Iowa. The Washington State Patrol (WSP is the State police agency for the State of Washington. The Wisconsin State Patrol is the State police force for the state of Wisconsin.
Other State Police agencies
- State Bureaus of Investigation (SBI) - the state's detectives, (New Jersey State Detective Agency). A State Bureau of Investigation ( SBI) is a state-level Detective agency in the United States of America, which is the state's equivalent to the Federal
- State Bureau of Narcotics - the state-level counter-part to the Drug Enforcement Administration. The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and
- Department of Public Safety (DPS) exist in 30 states (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Vermont), many of which contain the State Police and in some cases the Highway Patrol. The Department of Public Safety, also called an Office of Public Safety, is a state or local government umbrella agency in the United States which serves
- Hawaii where the State of Hawaii Sheriff's Office , part of the Hawaii Department of Public Safety, serves as the state-wide law enforcement agency. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the
- Motor Carrier Enforcement - another organization with many various titles and may be part of the actual State Police or Highway Patrol. Many belong the their state's Department of Transportation. These agencies conduct vehicle inspections and enforce the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP) as mandated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Vehicle inspection is a procedure mandated by national or subnational governments in many countries in which a vehicle is inspected to ensure that it conforms to regulations governing The FMCSA was established as a separate administration within the U They conduct safety inspections of commercial motor vehicles (primarily trucks and buses), inspects highway shipments of hazardous materials, and performs compliance reviews (safety performance audits) on motor carriers. The DPS adopts and enforces driver and vehicle safety regulations and hazardous materials regulations as part of this program. Both the Arkansas Highway Police and the New Hampshire Highway Patrols are motor carrier enforcement agencies.
- Marine Patrol - The state water police. Water police, also called harbour patrols, port police, marine/maritime police, nautical patrols, bay constables or river police
- State Park Police - New Jersey and New York.
- Florida Department of Law Enforcement - In 1967, the Florida Legislature merged the responsibilities of several state criminal justice organizations to create the Bureau of Law Enforcement. The Government of the State of Florida is established and operated according to the Florida Constitution The Bureau began with 94 positions, headed by a Commissioner who reported to the Governor, certain Cabinet members, two Sheriffs, and one Chief of Police. In July 1969, after government restructuring, the Bureau became the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE).
Today, FDLE is headed by a Commissioner who is appointed by the Governor and approved by the Cabinet. Headquartered in Tallahassee, FDLE employs nearly 2,000 members statewide who work at the department’s seven Regional Operations Centers, 15 field offices and seven crime laboratories. The members of FDLE are guided by four fundamental values as they respond to the needs of Florida’s citizens and criminal justice community: service, integrity, respect, and quality.
FDLE is structured to deliver services in five program areas:Executive Direction and Business, Support Program, Criminal Investigations and Forensic Science Program, Florida Capitol Police Program, Criminal Justice Information Program, Criminal Justice Professionalism Program.
Sub-national territorial police forces in other countries
The Canadian provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador have provincial police forces, which are roughly analogous to U. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Ontario Provincial Police ( OPP) is the Provincial Police force for the province of Ontario, Canada. The Sûreté du Québec or SQ (French for "Quebec Security" or "Quebec Safety" but usually translated loosely as "Quebec Provincial Police" The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary ( RNC) is a police force in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. S. state police forces. The policing responsibilities of the other provinces are contracted to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
Several communities/nationalities in the Kingdom of Spain possess their own police force akin to "State Police" or "Community Police", like Ertzaintza in Euskadi and Mossos d'Esquadra in Catalonia. In biological terms a community is a group of interacting Organisms sharing an environment. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Ertzaintza is the Police force of the Basque Country, one of the Autonomous communities of Spain. The Basque Country ( Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community in northern Spain. Mossos d'Esquadra (lit English: "Squad Lads" is the Police force of Catalonia, one of the Autonomous communities of Spain, along Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain.
Each state in Brazil has two state police forces;
- a Polícia Militar, - despite the somewhat misleading name they are uniformed gendarmerie forces fulfilling roles as state police SBI. The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian
- a Policia Civil - the State Bureau of Investigation. A State Bureau of Investigation ( SBI) is a state-level Detective agency in the United States of America, which is the state's equivalent to the Federal
The Landespolizei (or LaPo) is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services which patrol the German Bundesländer and is the approximate equivalent to the State police in the United States of America. Landespolizei (or LaPo is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services which patrol the German Bundesländer Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular
Commonwealth
Several Commonwealth of Nations countries have as their lowest level of general policing the state police.
Australia
See also: Law enforcement in Australia
Each state of Australia has its own state police force, namely the New South Wales Police Force (Australia's largest police force), the Victoria Police, the Queensland Police, the Northern Territory Police, the Tasmania Police, the South Australian Police and the Western Australian Police. Law enforcement in Australia is served by Police, Sheriffs and Bailiffs under the control of state, territory and the Federal governments The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government The New South Wales Police Force (NSW Police Force previously New South Wales Police Service & New South Wales Police is the primary Law enforcement agency in the State of Victoria Police is the primary Law enforcement agency of Victoria, Australia. The Queensland Police Service is the law enforcement agency responsible for policing the Australian state of Queensland. The Northern Territory Police (NTP is the Police body that has legal jurisdiction over the Northern Territory of Australia. Tasmania Police is the Police force of the Australian state of Tasmania. The South Australia Police ( SAPOL) is the Police force of the Australian state of South Australia. The Western Australia Police services an area of 25 million square kilometres the world's largest non-federated area of jurisdiction Municipalities do not have police forces and it is left to the state forces to police the geographic areas within their respective states. Australia does have a national police force, namely the Australian Federal Police whose role is to enforce the laws of the Commonwealth, both criminal law and civil law and to protect the interests of the Commonwealth both domestically and internationally. The Australian Federal Police (AFP is the Federal police agency of the Commonwealth of Australia. The English noun commonwealth dates from the fifteenth century. The AFP does however provide 'state' policing for the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory and Australia's other external territories such as Norfolk Island. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory The Jervis Bay Territory is a territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. Norfolk Island ( Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen) is a small inhabited island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand
Prior to the Federation of Australia each Colony within Australia had numerous police forces, however these were largely amalgamated well before Federation. The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Consolidation or amalgamation is the act of merging many things into one
India
See also: Law enforcement in India
Each state has a state police force, headed by the DGP (Director General of Police). India has numerous Law enforcement agencies. At the Union (federal/central level the agencies are part of the Ministry of Home Affairs and support the states The state police is responsible for maintaining law and order in townships of the state and the rural areas.
In addition to the state police, major cities have their own police forces called Metropolitan Police. Accordingly the laws in individual states may vary so the metropolitan police may or may not be subordinate to the state police.
Italy
The Italian State Police, the Polizia di Stato, are one of two national police forces in Italy. The Polizia di Stato (State Police or PdS is one of the National police forces of Italy. They perform general police duties alongside the Carabinieri. The Carabinieri (Italian for Carabiniers are the national-level Gendarmerie of Italy who also perform Military police duties
The (Polizia Provinciale) is a general term used to identify provincial-level police forces in Italy. Polizia Provinciale (' Provincial Police') is a general term used to identify provincial-level police forces in Italy. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Some Italian provinces have their own police force (more or less like the American county police, but with much less power). In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune County police are the Police of a County in the United States, Sweden and England (formerly in Scotland and Wales Polizia Provinciale are small police organisations and their main duties are to enforce regional and national hunting and fishing laws but have also expanded into environmental protection. The forces' vehicles are usually white with a green or blue stripe along the side.
Japan
See article: Japanese police
Each Prefecture of Japan maintains its own police force while the NPA serves to coordinate them. Japan's police are an apolitical body under the general supervision of an independent agency the National Police Agency, and free of direct central government executive The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national Jurisdictions one "metropolis" (都 to) Tokyo; one " circuit Each prefectural police headquarters contains administrative divisions corresponding to those of the bureaus of the National Police Agency. Headquarters are staffed by specialists in basic police functions and administration and are commanded by an officer appointed by the local office of the National Public Safety Commission. Most arrests and investigations are performed by prefectural police officials (and, in large jurisdictions, by police assigned to substations), who are assigned to one or more central locations within the prefecture. Experienced officers are organized into functional bureaus and handle all but the most ordinary problems in their fields.
References
- ^ Ray, Gerda W. (Spring 1995). "From Cossack to Trooper: Manliness, Police Reform, and the State". Journal of Social History (28): 566.
- ^ Theodore Roosevelt, quoted in Ray, Gerda W. (Spring 1995). "From Cossack to Trooper: Manliness, Police Reform, and the State". Journal of Social History (28): 570.
- ^ Ray, Gerda W. (Spring 1995). "From Cossack to Trooper: Manliness, Police Reform, and the State". Journal of Social History (28): 565.
- ^ a b Ray, Gerda W. (Spring 1995). "From Cossack to Trooper: Manliness, Police Reform, and the State". Journal of Social History (28): 570.
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