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There are two separate meanings for the term state flag in vexillology – the flag of state of a government, and the flag of an individual subnational state. Vexillology is the scholarly study of Flags The word is a synthesis of the Latin word Vexillum and the suffix –''ology'', meaning "study For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Many countries are made up of a number of subnational entities called states (or related terms in languages other than English

Government flag

A state flag is a variant of a national flag (or occasionally a completely different design) specifically designated and restricted by law or custom (theoretically or actually) to use by a country's government or its agencies. A national flag is a Flag that symbolises a country The flag is flown by the government but usually can be flown by Citizens of that country as well For this reason they are sometimes referred to as government flags. In many countries the state flag and the civil flag (as flown by the general public) are identical, but in other countries, notably those in Latin America, central Europe, and Scandinavia, the state flag is a more complex version of the national flag, often featuring the national coat of arms or some other emblem as part of the design. A civil flag is a version of the National flag that is flown by civilians on non-government installations or craft Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people An emblem is a pictorial Image, abstract or representational that epitomizes a Concept — e Scandinavian countries also use swallowtailed state flags, to further differentiate them from civil flags. In Flag terminology, a swallowtail is either a V-shaped cut in a flag that causes the flag to end in two points at the fly or any flag which has this V-shaped

In addition, some countries have state ensigns, separate flags for use by non-military government ships such as coast guard vessels. A coast guard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea For example, government ships in the United Kingdom fly the blue ensign. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Blue Ensign is a Flag, one of several British ensigns, used by certain organisations or territories associated with the United Kingdom.

State flags should not be confused with the national flag as used by military organisations; these are referred to as war flags and naval ensigns. A war flag (or military flag) is a variant of a National flag for use by the nation's military forces on land An ensign is a distinguishing Flag of a ship or a military unit or a distinguishing token emblem or badge such as a symbol of office

National flags with separate state and civil versions

The Flag of Massachusetts on display in the Financial District of Boston.
The Flag of Massachusetts on display in the Financial District of Boston. The National flag of the Principality of Andorra was adopted in 1866 The flag of Austria has three equal horizontal bands of red (top white and red The national Flag of Belgium contains three equal vertical bands of Black (hoist side Yellow, and Red; the vertical design was based The current flag of Bolivia was originally adopted by Bolivia in 1851. The Flag of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands is a vertical Tricolour of three equal bands of white blue and yellow The Flag of Costa Rica was officially adopted on November 27, 1906. The national flag of Denmark, Dannebrog, is red with a white Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag the vertical part of the The flag of Ecuador, which consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width blue and red was adopted on September 26, 1860. The Flag of El Salvador was adopted on May 17, 1912. It is based on the flag of the United Provinces of Central America, inspired in the List of flags of Finland The flag of Finland, also called Siniristilippu ("Blue Cross Flag" dates from the beginning of the 20th century The flag of Germany is a Tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the national colours of Germany: Black, The flag of Guatemala features two colours sky Blue and White. The Flag of Haiti was adopted on February 25, 1986. The flag is divided into two Rectangles going across horizontally The Flag of Hungary is a horizontal Tricolour of Red, White and Green. List of flags of Iceland The flag of Iceland was officially described in Law No The Flag of Liechtenstein consists of two equal horizontal bands of blue (top and red with a gold ducal crown on the hoist side of the blue band The Flag of Lithuania consists of a horizontal tricolor of Yellow, Green and Red. The national Flag of Monaco has two equal horizontal bands of red (top and white making it similar to the flags of Indonesia, Singapore The flag of Norway is red with an indigo blue Scandinavian cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag the vertical part of the cross is shifted The flag of Peru was adopted by the Government of Peru in 1825 The flag of Poland consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width the upper one white and the lower one red The state and war Flag of San Marino is formed by two equal horizontal bands of white (top and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed The flag of Serbia is a Tricolour with Pan-Slavic colours, with three equal horizontal fields Red on the top Blue in the middle The flag of Transnistria is a version of the former Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Flag of Trinidad and Tobago was adopted upon independence in 1962 The flag of Venezuela dates from 1811, the beginning of that nation's struggle for independence The Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States has been represented by official but limited-purpose Flags since 1776 though until 1908 it had no state flag The Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts, United States is located in the downtown area near Government Center and Chinatown

Flag of a subnational state

In the United States, Australia, Brazil and some other federal countries, the term state flag can have a different usage, as it frequently refers to an official flag of any of the individual states or territorial sub-divisions that make up the nation. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Many countries are made up of a number of subnational entities called states (or related terms in languages other than English

To avoid confusion with the first meaning of the term, however, such a flag would might be more precisely referred to as "the flag of the state of X", rather than "the state flag of X". For this usage, see also:


The Flags of the US states exhibit a wide variety of regional influences and local histories as well as widely different styles and design principles This is a list of flags used in Australia: National Flag Indigenous Australians States and Territories
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