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The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A lower house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Upper house. The Federal Assembly of Russia (Russian Федеральное Собрание transliteration Federalnoye Sobraniye or Federalnoje Sobranije is the Legislature of the A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. Federation Council of Russia (Сове́т Федера́ции Sovet Federatsii) is the Upper house of the The Duma is headquartered in downtown Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Manege Square (Манежная площадь Manezhnaya ploshchad) is a large pedestrian Open space at the very centre of Moscow bound by the Hotel Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved by the Russian public in a referendum. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 The Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 began on 21 September when Russian President Boris Yeltsin dissolved the country's legislature ( Congress of People's
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History
The State Duma was first introduced in 1906 and was Russia's first elected parliament. State Duma of the Russian Empire was a Legislative assembly in the late Russian Empire. The first two attempts by Tsar Nicholas II were too radical and ineffective and were subsequently dissolved after only a few months each. After the 1907 electoral reform the third Duma, elected in November 1907, was largely made up of members of the upper classes and radical influences in the Duma had almost entirely been removed. The establishment of the Duma after the 1905 Revolution was to herald significant changes to the Russian autocratic system. See also Russian Revolution (1917 The 1905 Russian Revolution also known as the Failed Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide struggle of Furthermore the Duma was later to have a larger effect on Russia as it was one of the contributing factors in the February Revolution, which led to the abolition of the autocracy in Russia. The February Revolution (Февральская революция in 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Powers
The State Duma has special powers enumerated by the Constitution of Russia. The enumerated powers are a list of specific responsibilities found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution, which enumerate the authority granted For the constitution of the Imperial Russia see Russian Constitution of 1906 The current Constitution of the Russian Federation They are:
- To approve or reject the President's nominee for Prime Minister of Russia
- To approve or reject the President's nominee for the chairman of the Central Bank of Russia
- To appoint the deputy chairman of the Audit Chamber and half of its auditors
- To file an impeachment against the President (Requires a two thirds majority)
- All bills are first approved here, to be further debated and approved in the Federation Council. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, (Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации unofficially called the Prime-Minister The Bank of Russia (Банк России or the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации is the Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a Government official
- Duties are enumerated in Section 1, Chapter 5, Articles 100-108, in the Russian Constitution.
Additionally, there are constitutionally 450 deputies of the State Duma (Article 95), each elected to a term of four years (Article 96). Russian citizens at least 21 years old are eligible to run for the Duma (Article 97). Seats are awarded on the basis of the percentage of election votes won by a party. The party then elects candidates to fill its eligible seats.
The current speaker of the State Duma is Boris Gryzlov since December 29, 2003. Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov ( Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (born December 15 1950) is a Russian Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Speakers of the State Duma
- Ivan Rybkin (Agrarian Party of Russia) January 14, 1994 - January 17, 1996
- Gennady Seleznyov (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) January 17, 1996 - December 29, 2003
- Boris Gryzlov (United Russia) December 29, 2003-Present
Latest election
| Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Russia (Единая Россия, Edinaya Rossiya) | 44,714,241 | 64. Ivan Petrovich Rybkin (b January 5, 1946) is a Russian politician was Chairman of Russia's State Duma in 1994 - 1996 The Agrarian Party of Russia ( Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, Аграрная Партия России АПР was a Left wing agrarian party in Russia. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Gennadiy Nikolayevich Seleznyov (Геннадий Николаевич Селезнёв born November 6 1947) is a Russian politician who was the Speaker of The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov ( Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (born December 15 1950) is a Russian United Russia (Единая Россия Yedinaya Rossiya) is a major Political party in the Russian Federation. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov ( Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (born December 15 1950) is a Russian The Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (lang-rus Председатель Государственной Думы Федерального Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. United Russia (Единая Россия Yedinaya Rossiya) is a major Political party in the Russian Federation. 30 | 315 | |
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации, Kommunističeskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federacii) | 8,046,886 | 11. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit 57 | 57 | |
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Либерально-демократическая Партия России, Liberal'no-demokratičeskaya Partiya Rossii) | 5,660,823 | 8. The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ( Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, 14 | 40 | |
| Fair Russia (Справедливая Россия, Spravedlivaya Rossiya) | 5,383,639 | 7. Fair Russia Motherland/Pensioners/Life (Справедли́вая Росси́я Ро́дина/Пенсионе́ры/Жизнь|Spravedlivaya Rossiya Rodina/Pensionery/Zhizn 74 | 38 | |
| Agrarian Party of Russia (Аграрная Партия России, Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii) | 1,600,234 | 2. The Agrarian Party of Russia ( Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, Аграрная Партия России АПР was a Left wing agrarian party in Russia. 30 | — | |
| Russian Democratic Party "Yabloko" (Российская Демократическая Партия "Яблоко", Rossiyskaya Demokratičeskaya Partiya "Yabloko") | 1,108,985 | 1. The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko ( Russian: Российская объединённая демократическая партия "Яблоко" 59 | — | |
| Civilian Power (Гражданская Сила, Grazhdanskaya Sila) | 733,604 | 1. Civilian Power (or Citizens' Force, Russian: Гражданская сила is a formal liberal political party in the Russian Federation, 05 | — | |
| Union of Right Forces (Союз Правых Сил, Soyuz Pravych Sil) | 669,444 | 0. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil was a Russian democratic opposition party associated 96 | — | |
| Patriots of Russia (Патриоты России, Patrioty Rossii) | 615,417 | 0. Patriots of Russia (Патриоты России) is a Russian Political party established in April 2005 by Gennady Semigin, who was expelled from 89 | — | |
| Russian Social Justice Party (Российская Партия Справедливости, Rossiyskaya Partiya Spravedlivosti) | 154,083 | 0. 22 | — | |
| Democratic Party of Russia (Демократическая Партия России, Demokratičeskaya Partiya Rossii) | 89,780 | 0. The Democratic Party of Russia or DPR ( Russian: Демократи́ческая Па́ртия Росси́и 13 | — | |
| Valid ballot papers | 68,777,136 | 98. 91 | ||
| Invalid ballot papers | 759,929 | 1. 09 | ||
| Total (turnout 63. 71%) | 69,537,065 | 100. 00 | 450 | |
| Eligible voters | 109,145,517 | |||
| Source: Russian Election Commission | ||||
Current composition
| Affiliation | Delegates | Seats | Popular vote |
| United Russia (Edinaâ Rossiâ) | 315 | 70% | 64. Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 2 2007. United Russia (Единая Россия Yedinaya Rossiya) is a major Political party in the Russian Federation. 30% |
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Kommunističeskaâ Partiâ Rossijskoj Federacii) | 57 | 12. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit 67% | 11. 57% |
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Liberal'no-demokratičeskaâ Partiâ Rossii) | 40 | 8. The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ( Либерально-Демократическая Партия России, 89% | 8. 14% |
| Fair Russia (Spravedlivaâ Rossiâ) | 38 | 8. Fair Russia Motherland/Pensioners/Life (Справедли́вая Росси́я Ро́дина/Пенсионе́ры/Жизнь|Spravedlivaya Rossiya Rodina/Pensionery/Zhizn 44% | 7. 74% |
| Total | 450 | 100% | 100% |
Presidential Envoys to the State Duma
- Alexander Yakovlev (February 18, 1994, – February 10, 1996)
- Alexander Kotenkov (February 10, 1996, – April 5, 2004)
- Alexander Kosopkin (since April 5, 2004)
External links
- (Russian) Official site
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