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A star catalogue, or star catalog, is an astronomical catalog that lists stars. An astronomical catalog or catalogue is a list or tabulation of Astronomical objects typically grouped together because they share a common type morphology origin A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Most of the recent catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from NASA's Astronomical Data Center and other places (see links at end). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program

Contents

Historical catalogues

The world's first star catalogue was compiled by Shi Shen and Gan De, both Chinese astronomers in the 4th century BC of the Warring States Period. Shi Shen ( fl 4th century BC) was a Chinese Astronomer and contemporary of Gan De born in the State of Wei, also known as the Gan De ( fl 4th century BC was a Chinese Astronomer / Astrologer born in the State of Qi also known as the Lord Gan (Gan Gong Astronomy in China has a very long history Oracle bones from the Shang Dynasty ( 2nd millennium BC) record eclipses and novae The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the [1] Shi Shen wrote the Shi Shen astronomy (石申天文, Shi Shen tienwen), while Gan De wrote the Astronomic star observation (天文星占, Tianwen xingzhan). [2]

In approximately the 3rd century BC, Timocharis of Alexandria and Aristillus created the first star catalogue in the Western world. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Timocharis of Alexandria (ca 320 BC - 260 BC was a Greek Astronomer and Philosopher. For the crater see Aristillus (crater. Aristillus (fl ca 280 BC was a Greek astronomer who created the first Over 150 years later, Hipparchus would compare his own star catalogue to Timocharis' and discover that the longitude of the stars had changed over time, which led him to determine the first value of the precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus ( Greek; ca 190 BC &ndash ca 120 BC was a Greek Astronomer, Geographer, and Mathematician of the Hellenistic Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement In Astronomy, Precession refers to the movement of the rotational axis of a body such as a planet with respect to Inertial space.

In the 2nd century, Ptolemy published a star catalogue as part of his Almagest, which listed 1,022 stars visible from Alexandria. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca Almagest is the Latin form of the Arabic name ( الكتاب المجسطي, al-kitabu-l-mijisti, i Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια It was the standard star catalogue in the Western and Arab worlds for over a thousand years. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Ptolemy's catalogue was based almost entirely on an earlier one by Hipparchus from the 2nd century BC (Newton 1977; Rawlins 1982). Hipparchus ( Greek; ca 190 BC &ndash ca 120 BC was a Greek Astronomer, Geographer, and Mathematician of the Hellenistic

Bayer and Flamsteed catalogues

Main articles: Bayer designation and Flamsteed designation

Two systems introduced in historical catalogues remain in use to the present day. A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek letter, followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Flamsteed designations for Stars are similar to Bayer designations except that they use numbers instead of Greek letters The first system comes from Bayer's Uranometria and is for bright stars. Johann Bayer (1572 &ndash March 7, 1625) was a German Astronomer and Lawyer. Uranometria is the short title of a star atlas produced by Johann Bayer. These are given a Greek letter followed by the genitive case of the constellation in which they are located; examples are Alpha Centauri or Gamma Cygni. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Alpha Centauri (α Centauri / α Cen also known as Rigil Kentaurus, Rigil Kent, or Toliman, is the brightest Star in the southern Constellation Gamma Cygni (γ Cyg / γ Cygni is a Star in the Constellation Cygnus. See Bayer designation for more information. A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek letter, followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's The major problem with Bayer's naming system was the number of letters in the Greek alphabet (24). The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early It was easy to run out of letters before running out of stars needing names, particularly for large constellations such as Argo Navis. Argo Navis (or simply Argo) was a large southern Constellation representing the Argo, the ship used by Jason and the Argonauts Bayer extended his lists up to 67 stars by using lower-case Roman letters ("a" through "z") then upper-case ones ("A" through "Q"). Few of those designations have survived. It is worth mentioning, however, as it served as the starting point for variable star designations, which start with "R" through "Z", then "RR", "RS", "RT". Variable stars are named using a variation on the Bayer designation format of an identifying label (as described below combined with the Latin genitive . . "RZ", "SS", "ST". . . "ZZ" and beyond. See the article for more information.

The second system comes from John Flamsteed's Historia coelestis Britannica. John Flamsteed FRS ( 19 August, 1646 - 31 December, 1719) was an English Astronomer and the first It kept the genitive-of-the-constellation rule for the back end of his catalog names, but used numbers instead of the Greek alphabet for the front half. Examples include 61 Cygni and 47 Ursae Majoris; see Flamsteed designation for more information. Not be confused with 16 Cygni, a more distant system containing two G-type stars harboring the Gas giant planet 16 Cygni Bb. 47 Ursae Majoris, often abbreviated as 47 UMa, is a Solar twin, Yellow dwarf Star approximately 46 Light-years away in the Constellation Flamsteed designations for Stars are similar to Bayer designations except that they use numbers instead of Greek letters

References

Full-sky catalogues

Bayer and Flamsteed covered only a few thousand stars between them. In theory, full-sky catalogues try to list every star in the sky. There are, however, literally hundreds of millions, even billions of stars resolvable by telescopes, so this is an impossible goal; these kind of catalogs generally try to get every star brighter than a given magnitude. A telescope is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects and the collection of Electromagnetic radiation. The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value

HD/HDE

Main article: Henry Draper Catalogue

The Henry Draper Catalogue was published in the period 1918–1924. The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It covers the whole sky down to about ninth or tenth magnitude, and is notable as the first large-scale attempt to catalogue spectral types of stars. In Astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of Stars based initially on photospheric temperature and its associated Spectral characteristics The catalogue was compiled by Annie Jump Cannon and her co-workers at Harvard College Observatory under the supervision of Edward Pickering, and was named in honour of Henry Draper, whose widow donated the money required to finance it. Annie Jump Cannon ( December 11, 1863 &ndash April 13, 1941) was an American Astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental The Harvard College Observatory (or HCO is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Department of Astronomy Edward Charles Pickering ( July 19 1846 – February 3 1919) was an American Astronomer and Physicist, brother Henry Draper ( March 7, 1837 &ndash November 20 1882) was an American doctor and Astronomer.

HD numbers are widely used today for stars which have no Bayer or Flamsteed designation. Stars numbered 1–225300 are from the original catalogue and are numbered in order of right ascension for the 1900. Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere 0 epoch. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. Stars in the range 225301–359083 are from the 1949 extension of the catalogue. The notation HDE can be used for stars in this extension, but they are usually denoted HD as the numbering ensures that there can be no ambiguity.

SAO

Main article: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory catalogue was compiled from various previous astrometric catalogues, and contains only the stars to about ninth magnitude for which accurate proper motions were known. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog is an astrometric Star catalogue. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO is a "research institute" of the Smithsonian Institution headquartered in Cambridge Massachusetts, Astrometry is the branch of Astronomy that relates to precise measurements and explanations of the positions and movements of Stars and other celestial bodies There is considerable overlap with the Henry Draper catalogue, but any star lacking motion data is omitted. The epoch for the position measurements in the latest edition is J2000.0. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. The SAO catalogue contains this major piece of information not in Draper, the proper motion of the stars, so it is often used when that fact is of importance. The proper motion of a Star is the measurement of its change in position in the sky over time after Improper motions are accounted for The cross-references with the Draper and Durchmusterung catalogue numbers in the latest edition are also useful.

Names in the SAO catalogue start with the letters SAO, followed by a number. The numbers are assigned following 18 ten-degree bands in the sky, with stars sorted by right ascension within each band. Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere

BD/CD/CPD

Main article: Durchmusterung

The Bonner Durchmusterung (German: Bonn sampling) and follow-ups were the most complete of the pre-photographic star catalogues. In Astronomy, Durchmusterung or Bonner Durchmusterung ( BD) is the usual name for three comprehensive astrometric Star catalogues In Astronomy, Durchmusterung or Bonner Durchmusterung ( BD) is the usual name for three comprehensive astrometric Star catalogues Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia

The Bonner Durchmusterung itself was published by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, Adalbert Krüger, and Eduard Schönfeld between 1852 and 1859. Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander ( March 22 1799 – February 17 1875) was a Prussian Astronomer. Carl Nicolaus Adalbert Krüger ( 9 December 1832 - 21 April 1896) was a German Astronomer. Eduard Schönfeld ( December 22, 1828 – May 1, 1891) was a German Astronomer, was born at Hildburghausen, in Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It covered 320,000 stars in epoch 1855. 0.

As it covered only the northern sky and some of the south (being compiled from the Bonn observatory), this was then supplemented by the Südliche Durchmusterung (SD), which covers stars between declinations -1 and -23 degrees (1886, 120,000 stars). Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It was further supplemented by the Cordoba Durchmusterung (580,000 stars), which began to be compiled at Córdoba, Argentina in 1892 under the initiative of John M. Thome and covers declinations -22 to -90. In Astronomy, Durchmusterung or Bonner Durchmusterung ( BD) is the usual name for three comprehensive astrometric Star catalogues Córdoba, abbreviated as CBA, is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas mountains on the Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year John Macon Thome ( August 22 1843 &ndash September 27 1908) was an American- Argentine Astronomer. Lastly, the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (450,000 stars, 1896), compiled at the Cape, South Africa, covers declinations -18 to -90. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Astronomers preferentially use the HD designation of a star, as that catalogue also gives spectroscopic information, but as the Durchmusterungs cover more stars they occasionally fall back on the older designations when dealing with one not found in Draper. Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between Radiation and Matter as a function of Wavelength (λ Unfortunately, a lot of catalogues cross-reference the Durchmusterungs without specifying which one is used in the zones of overlap, so some confusion often remains.

Star names from these catalogues include the initials of which of the four catalogues they are from (though the Southern follows the example of the Bonner and uses BD; CPD is often shortened to CP), followed by the angle of declination of the star (rounded towards zero, and thus ranging from +00 to +89 and -00 to -89), followed by an arbitrary number as there are always thousands of stars at each angle. In Astronomy, declination (abbrev dec or δ) is one of the two coordinates of the Equatorial coordinate system, the other being either Examples include BD+50°1725 or CD-45°13677.

AC

The Catalogue astrographique (Astrographic Catalogue) was part of the international Carte du Ciel programme designed to photograph and measure the positions of all stars brighter than magnitude 11. Carte du Ciel ("Map of the Sky" was an international project to map the positions of millions of Stars &mdash that is to say of all stars to the 11th or 12th 0. In total, over 4. 6 million stars were observed, many as faint as 13th magnitude. This project was started in the late 1800s. The observations were made between 1891 and 1950. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. To observe the entire celestial sphere without burdening only a handful of institutions, the sky was divided among 20 observatories, by declination zones. Each observatory exposed and measured the plates of its zone, using a standardized telescope (a "normal astrograph") so each plate photographed had a similar scale of approximately 60 arcsecs/mm. An Astrograph ( astrographic camera) is a telescope designed for the sole purpose of Astrophotography. The U.S. Naval Observatory took over custody of the catalogue, now in its 2000. The United States Naval Observatory ( USNO) is one of the oldest Scientific agencies in the United States. 2 edition.

USNO-B1. 0

USNO-B1.0 is an all-sky catalog created by researchers at the U.S. Naval Observatory that presents positions, proper motions, magnitudes in various optical passbands, and star/galaxy estimators for 1,042,618,261 objects derived from 3,643,201,733 separate observations. The United States Naval Observatory ( USNO) is one of the oldest Scientific agencies in the United States. The data were obtained from scans of 7,435 Schmidt plates taken for the various sky surveys during the last 50 years. A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is an astronomical Camera designed to provide wide fields of view with limited USNO-B1. 0 is believed to provide all-sky coverage, completeness down to V = 21, 0. 2 arcsecond astrometric accuracy at J2000.0, 0. In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. 3 magnitude photometric accuracy in up to five colors, and 85% accuracy for distinguishing stars from non-stellar objects.

Specialized catalogues

Specialized catalogs make no effort to list all the stars in the sky, working instead to highlight a particular type of star, such as variables or nearby stars. For the astronomical object see Variable star. Variable Star is a 2006 novel written by Spider Robinson This list of stars nearest to the Earth is ordered by increasing distance out to a maximum of 5 Parsecs (16

ADS

Aitken's double star catalogue

New general catalogue of double stars within 120 deg of the North Pole (1932, R. Robert Grant Aitken ( December 31 1864 &ndash October 29 1951) was an American Astronomer. Double Star is a Science fiction Novel by Robert A Heinlein, first serialized in Astounding Science Fiction Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. G. Aitken).

This lists 17,180 double stars north of declination -30 degrees. In Astronomy, declination (abbrev dec or δ) is one of the two coordinates of the Equatorial coordinate system, the other being either

BS, BSC, HR

Main article: Bright Star Catalogue

First published in 1930 as the Yale Catalog of Bright Stars, this catalog contained information on all stars brighter than visual magnitude 6. The Bright Star Catalogue, also known as the Yale Catalogue of Bright Stars or Yale Bright Star Catalogue, is a Star catalogue that lists of all stars of Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value 5 in the Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue. Photometry is a technique of Astronomy concerned with measuring the Flux, or intensity of an Astronomical object 's Electromagnetic The list was revised in 1983 with the publication of a supplement that listed additional stars down to magnitude 7. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) 1. The catalog detailed each star's coordinates, proper motions, photometric data, spectral types, and other useful information. The proper motion of a Star is the measurement of its change in position in the sky over time after Improper motions are accounted for Photometry is a technique of Astronomy concerned with measuring the Flux, or intensity of an Astronomical object 's Electromagnetic In Astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of Stars based initially on photospheric temperature and its associated Spectral characteristics

The last printed version of the Bright Star Catalogue was the 4th revised edition, released in 1982. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The 5th edition is in electronic form and is available online.

GJ, Gliese, Gl

The Gliese (later Gliese-Jahreiß) catalogue attempts to list all stars within 20 parsecs of Earth ordered by right ascension (see the List of nearest stars). Wilhelm Gliese ( June 21 1915 &ndash June 12 1993) was a German astronomer EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere This list of stars nearest to the Earth is ordered by increasing distance out to a maximum of 5 Parsecs (16 Later editions expanded the coverage to 25 parsecs. Numbers in the range 1. 0–965. 0 (Gl numbers) are from the second edition, which was

Catalogue of Nearby Stars (1969, W. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gliese).

The integers up to 915 represent stars which were in the first edition. Numbers with a decimal point were used to insert new stars for the second edition without destroying the desired order (by right ascension). Right ascension (abbrev RA; symbol α) is the Astronomical term for one of the two Coordinates of a point on the Celestial sphere This catalogue is referred to as CNS2, although this name is never used in catalogue numbers.

Numbers in the range 9001–9850 are from the supplement

Extension of the Gliese catalogue (1970, R. Woolley, E. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Richard van der Riet Woolley ( April 24 1906 &ndash December 24 1986) was an English Astronomer who became Astronomer A. Epps, M. J. Penston and S. B. Pocock).

Numbers in the ranges 1000–1294 and 2001–2159 (GJ numbers) are from the supplement

Nearby Star Data Published 1969–1978 (1979, W. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Gliese and H. Jahreiß).

The range 1000–1294 represents nearby stars, while 2001–2159 represents suspected nearby stars. In the literature, the GJ numbers are sometimes retroactively extended to the Gl numbers (since there is no overlap). For example, Gliese 436 can be interchangeably referred to as either Gl 436 or GJ 436. Gliese 436 is a Red dwarf star approximately 33 Light-years away in the Constellation of Leo.

Numbers in the range 3001–4388 are from

Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars (1991, W. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Gliese and H. Jahreiß).

Although this version of the catalogue was termed "preliminary", it is still the current one as of March 2006, and is referred to as CNS3. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had GJ numbers, but there were also 1,388 which were not numbered (plus the Sun, which needs no number). The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. The need to give these 1,388 some name has resulted in them being numbered 3001–4388 (NN numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers. An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is GJ 3021. GJ 3021, formally cataloged as Gliese 3021, is a Binary star system approximately 57 Light-years away in the Constellation of Hydrus

GCTP

The General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes, first published in 1952 and later superseded by the New GCTP (now in its fourth edition), covers nearly 9,000 stars. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Unlike the Gliese, it does not cut off at a given distance from the Sun; rather it attempts to catalogue all known measured parallaxes. It gives the co-ordinates in 1900 epoch, the secular variation, the proper motion, the weighted average absolute parallax and its standard error, the number of parallax observations, quality of interagreement of the different values, the visual magnitude and various cross-identifications with other catalogues. Auxiliary information, including UBV photometry, MK spectral types, data on the variability and binary nature of the stars, orbits when available, and miscellaneous information to aid in determining the reliability of the data are also listed.

William F. van Altena, John Truen-liang Lee and Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit, Yale University Observatory, 1995. Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit ( March 12, 1907 &ndash April 9, 2007) was an American senior research Astronomer at Yale University Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

HIP

The Hipparcos catalogue was compiled from the data gathered by the European Space Agency's astrometric satellite Hipparcos, which was operational from 1989 to 1993. The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (Tycho-1 are the primary products of the European Space Agency 's astrometric mission Hipparcos. The European Space Agency ( ESA) established in 1975 is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member Hipparcos (an Acronym for Hi gh P recision Par allax Co llecting S atellite) was an Astrometry mission Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The catalogue was published in June 1997 and contains 118,218 stars. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar It is particularly notable for its parallax measurements, which are considerably more accurate than those produced by ground-based observations. Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between

Proper motion catalogues

A common way of detecting nearby stars is to look for relatively high proper motions. Several catalogues exist, of which we'll mention a few. The Ross and Wolf catalogues pioneered the domain:

Ross, Frank Elmore, New Proper Motion Stars, eight successive lists, The Astronomical Journal, Vol. Frank Elmore Ross ( April 2, 1874 &ndash September 21, 1960) was an American Astronomer and Physicist. Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf ( June 21 1863 – October 3 1932) was a German Astronomer, a pioneer of Astrophotography 36 to 48, 1925-1939
Wolf, Max, "Katalog von 1053 stärker bewegten Fixsternen", Veröff. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. d. Badischen Sternwarte zu Heidelberg (Königstuhl), Bd. 7, No. 10, 1919; and numerous lists in Astron. Nachr. 209 to 236, 1919-1929

Willem Jacob Luyten later produced a series of catalogues:

L - Luyten, Proper motion stars and White dwarfs

Luyten, W. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Willem Jacob Luyten ( Mar 7 1899, Semarang &ndash Nov 21 1994, Minneapolis) was a Dutch - American J. , Proper Motion Survey with the forty-eight inch Schmidt Telescope, University of Minnesota, 1941 (General Catalogue of the Bruce Proper-Motion Survey)

LFT - Luyten Five-Tenths catalogue

Luyten, W. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. J. , A Catalog of 1849 Stars with Proper Motion exceeding 0. 5" annually, Lund Press, Minneapolis (Mn), 1955 ([2])

LHS - Luyten Half-Second catalogue

Luyten, W. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) J. , Catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually, University of Minnesota, 1979 ([3])

LTT - Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue

Luyten, W. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) J. , Catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"2 annually, Univ. of Minnesota, 1980 ([4])

LPM - Luyten Proper-Motion catalogue

Luyten, W. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) J. , Proper Motion Survey with the 48 inch Schmidt Telescope, University of Minnesota, 1963-1981

Later, Henry Lee Giclas took over, again with a series of catalogues:

Giclas, H. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Henry Lee Giclas ( December 9 1910 &ndash April 2 2007) was an American Astronomer. L. , et al. , Lowell Proper Motion Survey, Lowell Observatory Bulletins, 1971-1979 ([5])

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [1]Gan De. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) This page is a list of Astronomical catalogues organised by catalogue identifier Crónicas del Bambú. (365 aC).
  2. ^ [Peng, Yoke Ho (2000). Li, Qi and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0486414450]

External links

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