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For other uses, see Stanley Park (disambiguation).
Stanley Park
Aerial view of Stanley Park
Aerial view of Stanley Park
Type Municipal
Location Vancouver
Coordinates 49.303748° N 123.145237° W
Size 404. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. 9 hectare (1,000 acre)
Opened 1888
Operated by Vancouver Park Board
Status Open all year
Location of Stanley Park within Vancouver.
Location of Stanley Park within Vancouver.

Stanley Park is a 404. 9 hectare (1,000 acre) urban park bordering downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. An urban park, also known as a municipal park (North America or a public park or open space (United Kingdom is a Park in cities and other Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [1] It is the largest city-owned park in Canada and the third largest in North America. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [2] The park attracts an estimated eight million visitors every year, including locals and tourists, who come for its recreational facilities and its natural attributes. An 8. 8 kilometre (5. 5 mile) seawall path circles the park, which is used by 2. The seawall in Vancouver, Canada is a stone wall that was constructed around the perimeter of Stanley Park to prevent the erosion of the park's foreshore 5 million pedestrians, cyclists, and inline skaters every year. [3] Much of the park remains forested with an estimated half million trees that can be as tall as 76 metres (250 ft) and hundreds of years old. [4][5] There are approximately 200 km (125 miles) of trails and roads in the park, which are patrolled by the Vancouver Police Department's equine mounted squad. The Vancouver Police Department ( VPD) is the Police force for the City of Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. [6] The Project for Public Spaces has ranked Stanley Park as the sixteenth best park in the world and sixth best in North America. Project for Public Spaces (PPS is a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating and sustaining public places that build communities. [7]

Contents

History

A statue of Lord Stanley at the quoted moment.
A statue of Lord Stanley at the quoted moment. Frederick Arthur Stanley 16th Earl of Derby, KG, GCB, GCVO, PC ( 15 January 1841 – 14 June 1908

Squamish (Sḵwxwú7mesh) inhabitants of the park were the first people encountered by Captain George Vancouver when he explored the area in 1792. The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (sqʷχʷúʔməʃ or Squamish are an indigenous people of southwestern British Columbia, a part of the Salishan-speaking Captain George Vancouver In his A Voyage of Discovery, Vancouver describes the area as “an island … with a smaller island [Deadman's Island] lying before it,” indicating that it was originally surrounded by water, at least at high tide. “Here we were met by about fifty Indians, in their canoes," he continued, "who conducted themselves with the greatest decorum and civility,” and who presented the visitors with cooked fish. [8] No other contact was recorded for decades, until around the time of the Crimean War when British admirals arranged with Squamish Chief Joe Capilano that in the case of an invasion, the British would defend the south shore of Burrard Inlet and the Squamish would defend the north. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Joe Capilano (1850 - 1910 was a leader of the Sḵwxwú7mesh (Squamish For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British [9] According to Capilano’s daughter, the British gave him and his men 60 muskets. A musket is a muzzle -loaded Smoothbore Long gun, which is intended to be fired from the shoulder Although the attack anticipated by the British never came, the guns were used by the Squamish to repel an attack by an indigenous raid from the north. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Stanley Park was not attacked but this was the beginning of it being considered a strategic military location by the British. [10]

The peninsula was designated as a military reserve in the early 1860s in a survey conducted by the Royal Engineers. A peninsula is a piece of land that is nearly surrounded by Water but connected to Mainland via an Isthmus. The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers ( RE) and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps It was again considered a strategic point in case Americans might attempt an invasion and launch an attack on New Westminster (then the colonial capital) via Burrard Inlet. Although the area was logged by six different companies between the 1860s and 1880s, this military designation saved the land from development. [11] In 1886, as its first order of business, Vancouver’s City Council voted to petition the Dominion government to lease the reserve for use as a park. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada.

View of Siwash Rock, taken from the hiking trail above.
View of Siwash Rock, taken from the hiking trail above.

To manage their new acquisition, city council appointed a six-man park committee, which was replaced with the Vancouver Park Board in 1890 that was to be elected rather than appointed (a rarity in North American cities). The Vancouver Park Board manages 192 parks on over 12. 78 km² (3,160 acres) of land, but Stanley Park remains by far the largest. [12]

On 27 September 1888 the park was officially opened, where it was named after Lord Stanley, Governor General of Canada at the time. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Frederick Arthur Stanley 16th Earl of Derby, KG, GCB, GCVO, PC ( 15 January 1841 – 14 June 1908 The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative The following year, Stanley became the first Governor General to visit British Columbia when he officially dedicated the park. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative An observer at the event wrote:

“ Lord Stanley threw his arms to the heavens, as though embracing within them the whole of one thousand acres of primeval forest, and dedicated it 'to the use and enjoyment of peoples of all colours, creeds, and customs, for all time. '[13] ”
Vancouver Province photo of debris left by 1935 storm and warning of the fire hazard if not cleaned up.
Vancouver Province photo of debris left by 1935 storm and warning of the fire hazard if not cleaned up. The Province is a daily Newspaper published in British Columbia by the Pacific Newspaper Group Inc, a CanWest Global Communications

When Stanley made this declaration, there were still a number of indigenous people living on lands he had claimed for the park. Some, who had built their homes less than twenty years earlier, would continue to live on the land for years. Most of the dwellings at the Squamish village of X̱wáýx̱way (near today's Lumberman's Arch) were reported as vacant by 1899, and in 1900, two of such houses were purchased by the Parks Board for $25 each and burned. Xwáýxway ( Xway' xway, Why-why, Qoiquoi, Qwhy-qwhy, Whoiwhoi) (xʷajxʷaj is a village site of the Indigenous One Squamish family, “Howe Sound Jack”, and Sexwalia “Aunt Sally” Kulkalem, continued to live at X̱wáýx̱way until Sally's death in 1923. Sally's ownership of the property surrounding her home was accepted by authorities in 1920s, and following her death, the property was purchased from her heir, Mariah Kulkalem, for $15,500 and resold to the Federal government. [14]

In 1908, 20 years after the first petition for the lease, the federal government renewed the lease of Stanley Park to Vancouver for 99 years, renewable in 2007. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal

Deadman's Island, a small island off Stanley Park and now the site of the naval reserve unit HMCS Discovery, had been used as a burial ground by the Squamish, possibly a reason for its macabre name. Deadman's Island is a 38 ha island to the south of Stanley Park in Coal Harbour in Vancouver, British Columbia. HMCS Discovery is a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve division based in Vancouver British Columbia. The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (sqʷχʷúʔməʃ or Squamish are an indigenous people of southwestern British Columbia, a part of the Salishan-speaking During the 1860s to early 1880s, early settlers along Burrard Inlet also used the island, along with Brockton Point, as a burial ground and cemetery. Burials ceased when the Mountain View Cemetery opened in 1887, just after Vancouver had become a city. Mountain View Cemetery is the oldest cemetery in the City of Vancouver, British Columbia. During a small pox outbreak in the late 1880s, Deadman's Island became a "pest house" for quarantined victims of the disease and burial site for those who did not survive. Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. [15]

The park was designated a National Historic Site by the federal government in 1988. A national historic site is a designation that an area possesses national historical significance It was deemed significant because the relationship between its "natural environmental and its cultural elements developed over time" and because "it epitomizes the large urban park in Canada. "[16]

Attractions

Further information: List of attractions and monuments in Stanley Park

Stanley Park contains numerous natural and man-made attractions that lure visitors to the park. Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is one of the most popular attractions in the city for both tourists and local residents drawing Unlike other large urban parks, Stanley Park is not the product of a landscape architect, but has evolved into its present, mixed-use configuration. A landscape architect is a person involved in the planning design and sometimes oversight of an exterior landscape or space [17]

Forest

Trees growing out of stumps show the regeneration of the park forest.
Trees growing out of stumps show the regeneration of the park forest.

The forest gives the park a more natural character than most other urban parks, leading many users to consider it an urban oasis. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically [18] It is primarily second and third growth and contains many huge Douglas-fir, Western Redcedar, Western Hemlock, and Sitka Spruce trees. Secondary, or second-growth, forest is a Forest or Woodland area which has re-grown after a major disturbance such as Fire, Insect Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous Trees of the Genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family Tsuga (from ツガ ja 栂 the name for Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the family Pinaceae. The Sitka Spruce ( Picea sitchensis) is a large Coniferous Evergreen Tree growing to 50-70 m tall exceptionally to 100 m tall and

One of the large trees knocked down by the wind storm on 15 December 2006.
One of the large trees knocked down by the wind storm on 15 December 2006. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

In addition to logging in the nineteenth century, large swathes of the park were deforested by natural causes on three occasions in the city’s history. The first was a combination of an October windstorm in 1934 and a subsequent snowstorm the following January that felled thousands of trees, primarily between Beaver Lake and Prospect Point. [19] Another storm in October 1962, the remnants of Typhoon Freda, cleared a six acre virgin tract behind the children's zoo, which opened an area for a new miniature railway that replaced a smaller version built in the 1940s. The 1962 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds it ran year-round in 1962 but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and In total, approximately 3,000 trees were lost in that storm. [20]

Another storm ravaged the park on 15 December 2006 with 115 km/h (71 mph) winds. The Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm of 2006 was a powerful Pacific storm that slammed into the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Over 60% of the western edge was damaged; the worst part was the area around Prospect Point. [21] In total, about 40% of the forest was affected, with an estimated 3,000 trees damaged. Large sections of the seawall were also destabilized by the storm, and many areas of the park were closed to the public pending restoration. The cost of restoration has been estimated at $9 million, which will be covered by contributions from all three levels of government and private and corporate donations. [22]

Since 1992, the tallest trees have been topped and otherwise pruned by park staff for safety reasons.

Logging operation at Prospect Point, the area most damaged by the 2006 storm.
Logging operation at Prospect Point, the area most damaged by the 2006 storm.

Because the park has been subjected to such dramatic changes, several landmark trees have been affected. The Hollow Tree was probably the most photographed park element in bygone years, an obligatory stop for locals, tourists and dignitaries alike, and a professional photographer was on hand to capture the visit for a fee. The tree was saved from road widening in 1910 through the lobbying efforts of the photographer who made his living at the tree. [23] Automobiles and horse-drawn carriages would frequently be backed into the hollow, demonstrating the immensity of the tree for posterity. While the remaining 700-800 year-old stump still draws viewers and is commemorated with a plaque, it is no longer alive and has shrunk considerably over the years, from a circumference of 18. 3m (60 ft) many decades ago, to a more recent 17. 1 m (56 ft). [24][25] As of April 2008, it has been targeted for removal due to potential safety hazards.

The National Geographic Western Redcedar about two months before it was uprooted by a storm.
The National Geographic Western Redcedar about two months before it was uprooted by a storm. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family

Another tree that has achieved fame is the National Geographic Tree, so named because it appeared in the magazine’s October 1978 issue. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural With a circumference of 13. 5 m (44½ ft), it was once one of the more impressive big Western Redcedars of the park. It diminished over time, ravaged by storms, a lightning strike, and topped by park staff to a height of 39. 6 metre (130 ft) before being uprooted in October 2007. [26][27][28] A small stand of tall trees that has not survived but was once a popular attraction, “The Seven Sisters,” is memorialized by a plaque and new replacement trees. The death of the distinctive fir tree atop Siwash Rock has also been memorialized with a replacement. Siwash Rock (also known as Skalsh or Slah-kay-ulsh; Sḵwxwú7mesh Slhxi'7elsh) is a famous rock outcropping in Vancouver, The original died in the dry summer of 1965, and through the persistent efforts of park staff, a replacement finally took root in 1968. [29][30]

Recreational facilities

Recreational facilities are abundant in the park, having long co-existed, albeit uneasily, with the aesthetic and more natural park features preferred by those looking to the park as an enclave of nature in the city. [31] The most heavily used and the favourite facility of park users is the seawall encircling the park’s perimeter. The seawall in Vancouver, Canada is a stone wall that was constructed around the perimeter of Stanley Park to prevent the erosion of the park's foreshore Construction of the 8. 8 km (5. 5 mile) seawall around the park began in 1914, but was not declared finished until 26 September 1971, and did not fully circle the park until 1980. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [32]

James "Jimmy" Cunningham, a master mason, dedicated 32 years of his life to the construction of the seawall from 1931 until his retirement in 1963. Even after he retired, Cunningham kept coming down (once in his pyjamas) to monitor the wall's progress, until his death at 85 on 29 September 1963. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [33]

The seawall is a popular destination for walking, running, cycling, and inline skating. Walking (also called ambulation) is the main form of Animal Locomotion on land, distinguished from Running and crawling Running is a means for an animal to move on Foot. It is defined in Sporting terms as a Gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles Roller skating is the Traveling on smooth terrain with roller skates There are two paths, one for inline skaters and cyclists and the other for pedestrians. The section around the outside of the park is one-way for cyclists and inline skaters, running counter-clockwise. [33] The walkway has been extended several times and is currently 22 kilometres from end to end, making it the world's longest uninterrupted waterfront walkway. [34] Unofficially, it starts at Canada Place in the downtown core, runs around Stanley Park, along English Bay beach, around False Creek, and finally to Kitsilano Beach. Canada Place is a building situated on the Burrard Inlet waterfront of Vancouver, British Columbia. English Bay is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, west of the downtown peninsula which separates the bay from Burrard Inlet connecting False Creek is a short inlet in the heart of Vancouver. It separates downtown from the rest of the city Kitsilano Beach is one of the most popular beaches in Vancouver, especially in the warm summer months From there, a trail continues 600 metres to the west, connecting to an additional 12 kilometres of beaches and pathways which terminate at the mouth of the Fraser River. For other uses of this name see Fraser River (disambiguation. The December 2006 storm subjected parts of the park portion of the seawall to mudslides and falling debris, forcing park staff to close it for an extended repair period. [35]

Lily-covered Beaver Lake.
Lily-covered Beaver Lake.

The miniature railroad was built in an area leveled by Typhoon Freda in the 1960s and is especially popular as the “Halloween Train” and the “Christmas Train” during those seasons. The park also contains tennis courts, an 18-hole Pitch and putt golf course, a seaside swimming pool at Second Beach, and the Brockton Oval for track sports, rugby, and cricket. Pitch and putt is an amateur sport similar to Golf but organized as an independent sport played and developed mainly in Ireland since the 1940s For entertainment, there is the Aquarium, Canada’s first and largest since it opened in 1956, and the Malkin Bowl, rebuilt after a fire in the 1980s and home to the local Theatre Under the Stars. The Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre is a public Aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. There are other articles with similar names see Theatre Under the Stars (disambiguation. [36]

Animals

Henry Avison, the first zookeeper and park ranger, feeding a bear.
Henry Avison, the first zookeeper and park ranger, feeding a bear.

Until 1996, a main attraction in the park was a zoo, which grew out of the collection of animals begun by the first park superintendent, Henry Avison, after he captured a black bear and chained it to a stump. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity Avison was subsequently named city pound keeper, and his collection of animals formed the basis for the original zoo, which eventually housed over 50 animals, including snakes, wolves, emus, buffalo, kangaroos, monkeys, and Humboldt penguins. A snake is an elongate Reptile of the suborder Serpentes Like all reptiles snakes are covered in scales. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Emu ( Dromaius novaehollandiae, is the largest Bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the Genus This is an article about an animal For other uses see Bison (disambiguation. A kangaroo is a Marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods meaning 'large foot' A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys two of the three groupings of Simian Primates the third group being The Humboldt Penguin ( Spheniscus humboldti) (aka Peruvian Penguin or Patranca) is a South American penguin breeding in coastal Peru and Chile [37]

In 1994, when plans were developed to upgrade Stanley Park's zoo, Vancouver voters instead decided to phase it out when the question was posed in a referendum. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita The Stanley Park Zoo closed completely in December 1997 after the last remaining animal, a polar bear named Tuk, died at age 36. The polar bear ( Ursus maritimus) is a Bear native to the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding seas He had remained after the other animals had left because of his old age. The polar bear pit, often criticised by animal rights activists, was converted into a demonstration salmon spawning hatchery. "Animal liberation" redirects here for other uses see Animal liberation (disambiguation. For the third season episode of Star Trek Enterprise, see " Hatchery (Star Trek Enterprise " [38] Captive animals can still be viewed at the Children’s Farmyard. Numerous varieties of animals live in the park, including 200 bird species, such as peacocks descended from the old zoo, as well as other non-native species. The term peafowl refers to Gallinaceous Birds classified within the genera Rheinardia Argusianus Afropavoand Pavo

The Vancouver Aquarium is also located in the park. The Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre is a public Aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. Since its establishment in 1956, the Aquarium has become the largest in Canada and houses a collection of marine life that includes dolphins, belugas, sea lions, Harbour seals, and sea otters. Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. The Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, also known as the northern sea lion, is a Sea lion of the northern Pacific. The sea otter ( Enhydra lutris) is a Marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. The popular children's song, Baby Beluga, was inspired by one of the whales at the facility. Baby Beluga is a Music album by popular children's entertainer Raffi, released in 1980 In total, there are approximately 300 species of fish, 30,000 invertebrates, 56 species of amphibians and reptiles, and around 60 mammals and birds. [39] The park board approved an $80 million expansion of the Aquarium in November 2006, following considerable public debate and despite a vocal opposition concerned about animal rights and the loss of park trees required by the expansion. [40]

Mammals include a large raccoon population, coyotes, rabbits descended from discarded pets, and a thriving Grey squirrel population descending from eight pairs given as a gift from New York's Central Park in 1909. The eastern gray squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis) is a Tree squirrel native to the eastern and Midwestern United States and to the southerly The City of New York Central Park is a large public Urban park in New York City, with about twenty-five million visitors annually [41][42]

Monuments

The totem poles are one of the largest tourist draws in the province.
The totem poles are one of the largest tourist draws in the province.

Over the years a large collection of monuments has accumulated in Stanley Park, consisting of statues, plaques, and various other memorials commemorating a large variety of things. Among these are statues of Lord Stanley, poet Robert Burns, Olympic runner Harry Jerome, and President Harding; plaques commemorating the wreck of the SS Beaver, the sinking of the Chehalis (a tugboat that collided with the MV Princess Victoria off Stanley Park), Pauline Johnson’s burial site, and the Salvation Army; a replica of the RMS Empress of Japan figurehead; and a timber-and-stump archway that replaced the original Lumbermen’s Arch built by lumber workers for a visit by the Duke of Connaught, which ultimately succumbed to rot. Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796 (also known as Rabbie Burns, Scotland's favourite son, the Ploughman Poet, the Bard of Ayrshire The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Henry "Harry" Winston Jerome ( September 30, 1940 &ndash December 7, 1982) was a Canadian Track and field Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2 1865 August 2 1923 was the twenty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack aged Statistics Power 2 x 35 hp (26 kW) Boulton & Watt Steam engines driving two 13' (4m- diameter paddlewheels The MV Princess Victoria sank on 31 January 1953 in the North Channel with the loss of 133 lives Emily Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake (10 March 1861 &ndash 7 March 1913 commonly known as E The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. Royal Mail Ship This Empress enjoyed the " RMS " meaning "Royal Mail Ship The title Duke of Connaught and Strathearn was granted by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to her third son Prince Arthur The original arch was a copy of the Parthenon's front, using whole trees for the columns and gable, and was originally located on the Duke's carriage route at Homer and Pender Streets before it was moved to the park. The new Lumberman's Arch was built with public washrooms and change rooms, with open-air showers adjoining the former Lumberman's Arch Pool, now a waterpark.

Gardens are also a common form of commemoration in the park. [43] The windstorm of 2006 revealed traces of a long-forgotten rock garden in the area of the Tea House and railway, which had once been one of the park's star attractions and also one of its largest man-made objects by area. [44] A monument to the Nisei of British Columbia immediately west of the Aquarium is accompanied by a planting of Japanese maple and flowering cherry and other plants from Japan. Nisei ( 二世, second generation is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America, South America and Australia to specify British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

Reflecting the view that the park should be kept in a more natural state and is already saturated, the park board has banned the erection of any further memorials. In what some have considered an exception to the ban, the park board agreed in 2006 to build a new playground at Ceperley Meadows near Second Beach honouring the victims of the Air India Flight 182 bombing. Air India Flight 182 was an Air India operating on the Montreal - London - Delhi route The federal government has earmarked $800,000 to build the playground, which was completed in the summer of 2007. [45] A local historian has also suggested the appropriateness of memorials marking the sites of communities that were displaced in the making of the park at Lumbermen’s Arch (Whoi Whoi, or Xwayxway), Prospect Point (Chaythoos), Brockton Point, and Kanaka Rancherie (at the foot of Denman Street), although a formal proposal has not been put forth. [46]

Gallery

Sunset from Stanley Park.
Girl in a Wetsuit statue
Statue of Scottish poet, Robert Burns
Statue of Olympic runner, Harry Jerome
Deadman's Island, showing squatters' homes in the early twentieth century.
Brockton Point lighthouse
Lions Gate Bridge connecting Vancouver to West Vancouver.
Evidence of 1860s logging is visible on notched tree stumps in the park.

Lost Lagoon

Second Beach Pool

References

  1. ^ Steele, R. Mike (1988). The Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation: The First 100 Years. Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation, 3.  
  2. ^ Foss, Lindsay. A Walk through Stanley Park. Travel. Canadian Geographic. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  3. ^ Seawall getting face-lift. Globe and Mail (2004-02-21). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Retrieved on 2006-12-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion
  4. ^ Parkinson, Alison; Terry Taylor, Vancouver Natural History Society (2006). Wilderness on the Doorstep: Discovering Nature in Stanley Park. Vancouver: Harbour Publishing, 54, 52. ISBN 1-55017-386-3.  
  5. ^ Welcome to Stanley Park. Parks and Gardens. Vancouver Park Board. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
  6. ^ The Mounted Squad Today. Mounted Squad, Patrol District One. Vancouver Police Department. Retrieved on 2006-12-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion
  7. ^ The World’s Best and Worst Parks. Making Places. Project for Public Spaces (September 2004). Retrieved on 2006-12-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion
  8. ^ Nicol, Eric (1970). Vancouver. Toronto: Doubleday, 13.  
  9. ^ Nicol, Eric (1970). Vancouver. Toronto: Doubleday, 15-16.  
  10. ^ Paull, Andy. "The Battle-Ground of Stanley Park", Vancouver Sun, 26 March 1938.  
  11. ^ Forest – Monument Trees. Stanley Park Nature. Vancouver Park Board. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
  12. ^ Steele, R. Mike (1988). The Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation: The First 100 Years. Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation, 1.  
  13. ^ Davis, Chuck; Heather Conn (1997). The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopedia. Surrey, BC: Linkman Press, 52. ISBN 1-896846-00-9.  
  14. ^ Historical and Geographical Contexts, Stanley Park Commemorative Integrity Statement, Parks Canada. Parks Canada (French Parcs Canada) is a Government of Canada agency that is mandated to protect and present nationally significant examples of Canada's
  15. ^ Davis, Chuck; Heather Conn (1997). The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopedia. Surrey, BC: Linkman Press, 169. ISBN 1-896846-00-9.  
  16. ^ Parks Canada/Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation (2002-11-26). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" "Stanley Park: Commemorative Integrity Statement" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
  17. ^ Stephan, Bill; Vancouver Natural History Society (2006). Wilderness on the Doorstep: Discovering Nature in Stanley Park. Vancouver: Harbour Publishing, 17. ISBN 1-55017-386-3.  
  18. ^ Stanley Park - Vancouver's Urban Oasis (PDF). Tourism Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
  19. ^ "The Damage in the Park", Vancouver Daily Province, 9 February 1934.  
  20. ^ Hazlitt, Tom. "It's for real -- this railroad", Vancouver Daily Province, 22 May 1964.  
  21. ^ Rook, Katie. "Stanley Park ‘looks like a war zone’", National Post, 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.  
  22. ^ "Stanley Park restoration cost rises to $9 million", Vancouver Sun, 2007-01-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Retrieved on 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.  
  23. ^ Koshevoy, Himie. "Saga of Stanley Park", Vancouver Daily Province, 7 June 1962.  
  24. ^ Steele, Mike (1993). Vancouver's Famous Stanley Park: The Year-Round Playground. Vancouver: Heritage House, 108. ISBN 1-895811-00-7.  
  25. ^ Parkinson, Alison (2006). Wilderness on the Doorstep: Discovering Nature in Stanley Park. Vancouver: Harbour Publishing, 46. ISBN 1-55017-386-3.  
  26. ^ "Ancient cedar falls in Vancouver's Stanley Park", CBC, 2007-10-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Retrieved on 2007-10-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed  
  27. ^ Steele, Mike (1993). Vancouver's Famous Stanley Park: The Year-Round Playground. Vancouver: Heritage House, 108. ISBN 1-895811-00-7.  
  28. ^ Parkinson, Alison (2006). Wilderness on the Doorstep: Discovering Nature in Stanley Park. Vancouver: Harbour Publishing, 46. ISBN 1-55017-386-3.  
  29. ^ "Park Tree's Loss Stirs Memories", Vancouver Sun, 10 August 1965.  
  30. ^ "Park Still Feels Frieda's Punch", Vancouver Sun, 6 August 1968.  
  31. ^ McDonald, Robert A. J. (1984). ""Holy Retreat" or "Practical Breathing Spot"? Class Perceptions of Vancouver's Stanley Park, 1910-1913". Canadian Historical Review LXV (2): 139-140.  
  32. ^ "Last stone laid in park's seawall", Vancouver Sun, 27 September 1971.  
  33. ^ a b Griffin, Kevin; Terri Clark. "Grand Old Man of the Seawall", Vancouver Sun, 2005-02-04. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons  
  34. ^ Pleiff, Margo. "Vancouver seawall links city's urban and natural delights", San Francisco Chronicle, 2005-05-15. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican  
  35. ^ Shore, Randy. "Storm closes seawall for weeks", Vancouver Sun, 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.  
  36. ^ Foss, Lindsay. A Walk through Stanley Park. Travel. Canadian Geographic. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  37. ^ Steele, R. Mike (1988). Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation: The First 100 Years. Vancouver: Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation, 13.  
  38. ^ "Vancouver residents say no to Stanley Park Zoo", Edmonton Journal, 28 April 1996.  
  39. ^ Aquafacts - Frequently Asked Questions. Vancouver Aquarium. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
  40. ^ Vancouver Park Board (2006-11-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Board of Parks and Recreation Special Board Meeting. Vancouver Park Board. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
  41. ^ Stanley Park - Vancouver's Urban Oasis (PDF). Tourism Vancouver. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
  42. ^ Steele, Mike (1993). Vancouver's Famous Stanley Park: The Year-Round Playground. Vancouver: Heritage House, 108. ISBN 1-895811-00-7.  
  43. ^ Osbourne, Stephen (July/August 2004). "Monuments and Memories". Canadian Geographic 124 (4): 47-50.  
  44. ^ Hasiuk, Mark. "Wind exposed more of historic rockery", Vancouver Courier, 2007-02-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Retrieved on 2007-03-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing   O'Connor, Naoibh. "Lost garden of Stanley Park", Vancouver Courier, 2006-08-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Retrieved on 2007-03-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing  
  45. ^ Kittleberg, Lori (2006-07-06). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Air India tribute proposed for Ceperley Park. Xtra West!. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  46. ^ Barman, Jean (2005). Stanley Park’s Secret. Vancouver: Harbour Publishing, 18. ISBN 1-55017-346-4.  

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