"Port Stanley" redirects here. For the town in Canada, see Port Stanley, Ontario. Port Stanley is a community in the Municipality of Central Elgin Ontario, Elgin County, located on the north shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of Kettle

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Flag Seal
Map of the Falkland Islands showing position of Stanley.
Stanley, Falkland Islands Location in the Falkland Islands
Coordinates: 51°41′31.56″S 57°51′32.04″W / -51.6921, -57.8589
Country	United Kingdom
British Overseas Territory	Falkland Islands
Population (2006)[1]
- Total	2,115
Time zone	FKT (UTC-4)
- Summer (DST)	FKST (UTC-3)
Website: http://www.falklandislands.com/

Stanley (formerly known as "Port Stanley") is the capital and only true city (with a cathedral) in the Falkland Islands. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST It is located on the isle of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope, south of Stanley Harbour, in one of the wettest parts of the islands. East Falkland (Isla Soledad the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6605 square kilometres (2550 sq mi. Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island As of the 2006 census, the city had a population of 2115. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population

Facilities and infrastructure

Today, Stanley lies at the centre of East Falkland's road network, and is the main shopping centre on the islands. Shopping is the examining of Goods or services from Retailers with intent to purchase at that time The Falkland Islands Company owns several shops and a hotel in the town. Falkland Islands Holdings plc (FIH is a company which plays a key role in the economy of the Falkland Islands. Attractions include the Falkland Islands Museum, Government House, built in 1845 and home to the Governor of the Falkland Islands, a golf course, and is known for its whalebone arch, a totem pole, several war memorials and the shipwrecks in its harbour. Government House in Stanley has been the home of the Falkland Islands ' London -appointed Governors since the mid-19th century Nowadays the Governor of the Falkland Islands is the local representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands. A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for Baleen or whalebone is the means by which Baleen whales feed These whales do not have Teeth, but instead have rows of baleen plates in Totem poles are monumental Sculptures carved from great Trees usually cedar but mostly Western Redcedar, by a number of Indigenous cultures along A war memorial is a building monument statue or other edifice to celebrate a War or victory or (predominating in modern times to commemorate those who died or were injured A shipwreck can refer to a wrecked ship or to the event that caused the wreck such as the striking of something that causes the ship to sink the stranding of the ship on rocks The town also has four pubs, eleven hotels & guesthouses, three restaurants, a fish and chips shop and three churches including the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral the southernmost cathedral in the world, which actually makes tiny Stanley into a city. Fish and chips (sometimes written " fish ’n’ chips " is a popular Take-away food originating from the United Kingdom. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Christ Church Cathedral on Ross Road in Stanley, Falkland Islands, is the southernmost Anglican Cathedral in the world consecrated in 1892 A grim reminder of the minefields to the south is the bomb disposal unit. There is also the main tourist office here.

The town hall doubles up as a post office cum philatelic bureau, law court, library and dance hall. The police station also contains the islands' only prison, with a capacity of thirteen in the cells.

The community centre includes a swimming pool (the only public one in the islands), a sports centre, library, and school. A grass football pitch is located by the community centre and hosts regular games.

Stanley Racecourse, located on the west side of Stanley, holds a two-day horse racing meeting every year on the 26th and 27th of December. The Christmas races have been held here for over one hundred years.

Stanley Golf Course is located to the west of Stanley; it boasts a 18 hole course and a club house.

King Edward VII Memorial Hospital serves as the Islands main hospital, with doctors practice and surgery, radiology department, dental surgery and emergency facilities.

Several bus and taxi companies operate out of Stanley.

Stanley is also home to the Falkland Islands Broadcasting Station (FIBS), the HQ of the British Antarctic Survey, and the office of the weekly Penguin News newspaper. The British Antarctic Survey (BAS is the United Kingdom 's national Antarctic operator and has an active role in Antarctic affairs The Penguin News is the only Newspaper produced within the Falkland Islands.

A nursery and garden centre is also here, in whose greenhouses some of the islands' vegetables are grown. A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse or hothouse) is a building where plants are cultivated The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however

History

Stanley, from the air

The original capital of the islands was at Port Louis to the north of the future site of Stanley, on Berkeley Sound. Port Louis is a settlement on northeastern East Falkland. It was established by Louis de Bougainville in 1764 as the first French settlement on the Berkeley Sound (Baye Accaron Spanish: Bahia de la Annunciación) is an inlet or fjord in the north east of East Falkland in the Falkland Islands Governor Moody (after whom Moody Brook is named) however, decided to move the capital to Port Jackson, which was renamed "Stanley Harbour", after a survey. Moody Brook is a small watercourse that flows into Stanley Harbour on East Falkland, Falkland Islands. Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island Stanley Harbour was considered to have a deeper anchorage for visiting ships. Not all the inhabitants were happy with the change, notably one JW Whitington is recorded as saying, "Of all the miserable bog holes, I believe that Mr Moody has selected one of the worst for the site of his town. "

Work on the settlement began in 1843, with it becoming the capital in July 1845. It was named for Lord Stanley, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies at the time. Edward Smith-Stanley redirects here for other persons with that name see Edward Stanley Lord Stanley The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India

In 1849, 30 married Chelsea Pensioners were settled there, in order to help with the defence of the islands and in developing the new settlement. The term Chelsea pensioner is used to refer to an in-pensioner at the Royal Hospital Chelsea, that is a former British Soldier who lives within the Royal

The settlement soon grew as a deep water port, specialising at first in ship repairs, indeed, prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, Port Stanley was a major repair stop for boats travelling through the Straits of Magellan. A deep water port is any port that can accommodate a fully laden Panamax ship The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the The Straits of Magellan (rarely referred to as the Magellanic Straits) comprise a navigable sea route immediately south of mainland Chile and north of Isla Grande The rough waters and intense storms found at the tip of the continent forced many ships to Stanley Harbour, and the ship repair industry helped to drive the island economy. Later it became a base for whaling and sealing in the South Atlantic and Antarctic. Whaling is the hunting of Whales and dates back to at least 6000 BC

Later still it was an important coaling station for the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) This led to ships based here being involved in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the First World War, and the Battle of the River Plate in the Second World War. The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a British naval victory over the Imperial German Navy on 8 December 1914 during the First World War World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Battle of the River Plate ( December 13, 1939) was the first major naval battle in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

The church, and whalebone arch

Landslides (peatslips), caused by excessive peat cutting, destroyed part of the town in 1879 and 1886, the second landslide killing two people. A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock falls deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows which can occur Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter.

During World War II, a hulk in Stanley Harbour was used for interning the British Fascist and Mosleyite Jeffrey Hamm (ref: The European; PRO HO). World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Edward Jeffrey Hamm ( 15 September, 1915 &ndash 4 May, 1994) was a leading British Fascist and supporter of Oswald Mosley Something of a minor player in the BUF due to his youth, Hamm moved to the Falkland Islands in 1939 to work as a teacher. He was arrested there in 1940 for his BUF membership (under Defence Regulation 18B) and later transferred to a camp in South Africa. Defence Regulation 18B, often referred to as simply 18B, was the most famous of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during World The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Released in 1941 he was later called up to the Royal Armoured Corps and served until his discharge in 1944. The Royal Armoured Corps (RAC is currently a collection of ten regular Regiments mostly converted from old horse cavalry regiments, and four Yeomanry regiments

Stanley Airport is used by internal flights and provides connections to British bases in Antarctica. Port Stanley Airport is a STOLport in the Falkland Islands, two miles outside the capital Stanley. It was opened by the Argentine Air Force on November 15, 1972 (previously, international flights were by seaplane from Comodoro Rivadavia). The Argentine Air Force ( Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the Armed forces of Argentina. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A seaplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing (alighting on water Comodoro Rivadavia is a city in the Patagonian province of Chubut in southern Argentina, located Flights to Argentina ended after the 1982 conflict. A weekly flight to Punta Arenas in Chile commenced in 1993, which now operates out of Mount Pleasant Airbase. Punta Arenas (literally in Spanish: "Sandy Point" is the most prominent settlement on the Strait of Magellan and the capital of the Magallanes y la Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the

Stanley was occupied by Argentine troops for about ten weeks during the Falklands War in 1982 and renamed Puerto Argentino (the name gained some support in Spanish-speaking countries, but its acceptance is not unanimous). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the Stanley suffered considerable damage during the war, a result of both the Argentine occupation and the British naval shelling of the town, which killed three civilians. After the British secured the high ground around the town the Argentines surrendered with no fighting in the town itself. The beaches and land around it were heavily mined and some areas remain marked minefields. A land mine is an Explosive device designed to be placed on or in the ground to explode when triggered by an operator or the Proximity of a vehicle person

Since the Falklands War, Stanley has benefitted from the growth of the fishing and tourism industries in the Islands. Stanley itself has developed greatly in that time, with the building of a large amount of residential housing, particularly to the east of the town centre. Stanley is now over a third bigger than it was in 1982.

Name

Stanley is named for Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, who never actually visited the islands

A number of variants of the town's name have appeared in both English and Spanish. Edward Smith-Stanley redirects here for other persons with that name see Edward Stanley Lord Stanley Stanley Harbour was originally known as "Port Jackson", and this name would have applied to the area before the town was built, although it could just as easily have been called Sapper Hill. Stanley Harbour is a large inlet on the east coast of East Falkland island Sapper Hill (453 ft is on East Falkland, Falkland Islands,. It is just to the south of Stanley, and is heavily mined from the Falklands War Although the town is officially known as "Stanley", one frequently hears it still referred to as "Port Stanley", especially in British reports about the Falklands War. This is in line with various other settlements around the islands, e. g. Port Howard and Port Stephens. Port Howard ( Spanish /Argentine name Puerto Mitre sometimes Puerto Howard in Spanish is the largest settlement on West Falkland (unless Fox Bay is Port Stephens is a settlement on West Falkland, in the Falkland Islands. However, "Stanley" without the "Port" prefix was established long before the war, and on 2 August 1956, the Officer Administering the Government of the Falkland Islands reported to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London as follows:

There is some difficulty over the correct name of the capital. Early despatches contain reference to both Port Stanley and Stanley. Port Stanley was accepted by the Naming Commission set up in 1943 to consider the names then being included on the War Office maps. Local opinion differs on the matter, but there is no doubt that Stanley is now common usage and has been for some considerable time. The capital is defined as Stanley in the Interpretation and General Law Ordinance. In the circumstances I would advise that the correct name for the capital is Stanley. [2]

Falklanders often refer to it simply as "Town". Falkland Islanders (also called Kelpers, Falklanders; Malvinenses Malvineros/as are the People of the British overseas territory

Spanish and Argentine names

The situation with the Spanish version of the name is far more complicated. Stanley, unlike Port Louis, the former capital of the islands, was a new settlement founded by the British, and therefore did not have a Spanish name of its own. Port Louis is a settlement on northeastern East Falkland. It was established by Louis de Bougainville in 1764 as the first French settlement on the Many Spanish speakers use "Puerto Stanley", as a neutral translation of the British name, but it is not liked by supporters of Argentine sovereignty, because it refers to an English politician. Supporters of the Argentine claim have used several different names, none of which are accepted by the islanders themselves -

• Puerto Soledad (the port of East Falkland/Isla Soledad) - reported in 1965, but in fact the old Spanish name of Port Louis, the old capital, not Stanley. East Falkland (Isla Soledad the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, has an area of 6605 square kilometres (2550 sq mi.
• Puerto Rivero - A reference to Rivero, a controversial Argentine figure in the early history of the islands. Used by Peronistas and the hijackers who landed at Stanley in September, 1966. It was also used for 3–4 April 1982 after the Argentine invasion.
• Puerto de la Isla Soledad - A variant on Puerto Soledad. Used 5 April 1982.
• Puerto de las Islas Malvinas (Port of the Malvinas/Falklands), used from 6-20 April 1982.
• Puerto Argentino - (Port Argentine), Used ever since 21st April 1982 by the Argentines

During the 1982 occupation, Patrick Watts of the islands' radio station used circumlocutions to avoid using Argentine names -

"It hurt me greatly to call it [the radio station] Radio Nacional Islas Malvinas, and I used to try to avoid referring to Port Stanley as Puerto Argentino. I called it 'the capital' or the 'largest settlement on the island'" (from Eyewitness Falklands: A personal account of the Falklands campaign)

Miscellaneous

Roadsign to Stanley.

Gypsy Cove, known for its Magellanic penguins, and Cape Pembroke, the easternmost point of the Falklands, lie nearby. Gypsy Cove and Yorke Bay are a pair of small bays in the Falkland Islands. The Magellanic Penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus, is a South American Penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Cape Pembroke (Cabo San Felipe is the easternmost point of the Falkland Islands, and is on East Falkland. Gypsy Cove is four miles (6 km) from Stanley and can be reached by taxi or on foot.

Today, roughly one third of the town's residents are employed by the government, with tourism also being a major source of employment. On days when two or more large cruise ships dock in the town tourists frequently outnumber the local residents.

Peat was once a prominent heating/fuel source in Stanley, and stacks of drying peats under cover can still be seen by the occasional house. Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter.

Stanley is twinned with Whitby in Yorkshire, northern England. Whitby is a historic town and Civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

See also

• Falklands War
• Battle of Wireless Ridge

External links

• Stanley travel guide from Wikitravel

References

Coordinates: 51°41′31.56″S 57°51′32.04″W / -51.6921, -57.8589 (Stanley)