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The Swedish term stad, which is the equivalent of both city and town has since 1971 in Sweden no administrative or legal significance and even no official definition which is commonly agreed upon. Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar.

Contents

History

The status of stad in Sweden was formerly granted by a Royal Charter, comparable to City status in the United Kingdom. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company

To receive the privilege of city, there were several requirements that a town needed to fulfil. Apart from being of a certain size, it was also necessary to have certain necessities. The criteria varied throughout the centuries as they were at the discretion of the parliament (the Riksdag) or the monarch, but it could include a council hall and a prison. The Riksdag is the official Swedish term of the Parliament of Sweden and the Parliament of Finland (in Finland alongside

Before a city became chartered it usually had previously been given the status of köping (merchant town). This article deals with the Swedish denomination for a market town Exceptions would be when a city was founded under Royal supervision, in which case the city would often bear the name of the monarch, such as Kristianstad or Karlskrona (named after kings Christian IV of Denmark and Karl IX of Sweden). Kristianstad kri'ɧansta (older spelling Christianstad) is a city in the province of Scania in southernmost Sweden and Karlskrona is a city in the province of Blekinge in south-eastern Sweden. Christian IV ( 12 April, 1577 &ndash 28 February, 1648) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1588 until his death Charles IX (Karl IX ( 4 October 1550 – 30 October 1611) was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death

At the end of the medieval age, circa 1450, Sweden (excluding Finland) had 41 chartered cities. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. By around 1680 there were 83. The only city founded and chartered during the 18th century was Östersund (1786). Östersund (ˈœstəˌʂɵnː Jamtish pronunciation " Åstersånn " is an urban area ( city) in Jämtland Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In 1863 the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. Of the around 2,500 municipalities that were created, 88 were cities. The Municipalities of Sweden ( kommun) are the Local government entities of Sweden. From that year the cities were municipalities with an elected city council. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. The main difference between cities and other municipalities was that the cities had its own jurisdiction, i. In Law, jurisdiction (from the Latin ius iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak" is the practical Authority e. own city courts. There were also some laws concerning planning and building (Byggnadstadgan 1874), fire and rescue (Brandstadgan 1874), public order (Ordningsstadgan 1868) and public health (Hälsovårdsstadgan 1874) which were compulsory applicable to cities. Up to the year 1900 two minor cities (Borgholm and Haparanda) lost their city courts, but they retained the city title. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Borgholm is a city in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, located on the Island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. Haparanda (Finnish Haaparanta, meaning aspen + river bank) is a town in Norrbotten, northern Sweden, and the seat of Of the new cities instituted 1901-1951 (44, making the total number of cities 133) not a single one got its own jurisdiction, but remained under what was called landsrätt ("rural jurisdiction"). Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January In the middle of the 20th century many reforms were carried out, which even more diminished the administrative difference between rural and urban areas. The police forces and the district courts as well as the tax authorities were centralized under national government agencies, making the administration uniform all over the country. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force District courts are a category of Courts which exists in several nations The amalgamations of municipalities reduced the number of local government units from a maximum (in 1930) of 2,532 to less than 300 today. Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Most municipalities contained now both rural and urban areas. There was simply no need to differentiate between cities and other municipalities, as all had the same powers. From January 1st 1971 all municipalities are designated as kommun, regardless of their former status. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar.

Today

Most of the urban areas of Sweden once making up the chartered cities are today still often referred to as cities/towns. Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The majority of them are also seats of their respective municipalities. The difference is that stad nowadays is a geographical term, rather than an administrative one. In some municipalities there could be more than one town, e. g. Eskilstuna and Torshälla in Eskilstuna Municipality. Eskilstuna (ˈɛscɪlsˌtʰʉːna is a city in Södermanland, Sweden and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality. Torshälla is a town in Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden. Eskilstuna Municipality ( Eskilstuna kommun) is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden, between the Lakes The city of Visby is the seat of Gotland Municipality, but is no political entity of its own. Visby is the only city on the Swedish Island of Gotland; it is arguably the best-preserved Medieval city in Scandinavia Gotland Municipality ( Gotlands kommun) is a municipality that covers the entire Island of Gotland in Sweden. Some towns have also grown together, forming one urban area.

Statistics Sweden defines a stad as a locality with more than 10,000 inhabitants. Statistics Sweden, or Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB is the government agency responsible for producing official Statistics on Sweden. Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. There are slightly more than 100 such towns in the country.

A few municipalities, however, still prefer to style themselves as cities. That applies to e. g. Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. Stockholm Municipality ( Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Gothenburg Municipality ( Göteborgs kommun or Göteborgs stad) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden Malmö Municipality (Malmö kommun is a municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. But also some municipalities with considerable rural areas use the denomination stad for the total territory. Naturally complications arise when a municipality decides to call itself "city", when the "city" only refers to the urban area in daily speech.

Populations

In 1850, the largest cities were: Stockholm (93,000 inhabitants), Göteborg (26,000), Norrköping (17,000), Karlskrona (14,000), Malmö (13,000). ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Gothenburg ( Swedish:) /jœte'bɔrj/ is a city, a municipality, and an urban area on the west-coast of Sweden. Norrköping is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland Karlskrona is a city in the province of Blekinge in south-eastern Sweden. [1]

In the year 1900 the largest cities were:[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Statistics from Statistics Sweden website [1], accessed June 2006
  2. ^ 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, article Sweden

Sources

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