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A stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Stacks are formed when part of a headland is eroded, leaving a small island. Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant They also form when a natural arch collapses due to sub-aerial processes and gravity. "Natural Bridges" redirects here for the US National Monument see Natural Bridges National Monument. Gravitation is a natural Phenomenon by which objects with Mass attract one another A stack may collapse or be eroded leaving a stump. Stacks typically form in horizontally bedded sedimentary rocks particularly on limestone cliffs, because of the medium resistance to erosion. Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock) Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind Cliffs with weaker rock such as clay tend to slump and erode too quickly to form stacks, while harder rocks such as granite erode in different ways. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Slump is a form of Mass wasting event that occurs when loosely consolidated materials or rock layers move a short distance down a slope Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. The sea attacks small cracks and opens them. The cracks then gradually get larger and turn into a small cave. When the cave wears right through the headland, an arch forms. Further erosion causes the arch to collapse. This causes a pillar of hard rock standing away from the coast. This is called a stack.
Stacks are often important sites for nesting seabirds. Seabirds are Birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment
Some stacks are famous for rock climbing. Rock climbing is a Sport in which participants climb up or across natural rock formations or man-made rock walls with the goal of reaching the
Examples
- Flowerpot Island, Lake Huron, Canada. Flowerpot Island is an island in Georgian Bay, and is a part of the Fathom Five National Marine Park of Ontario Canada. Lake Huron, bounded on the west by the US state of Michigan, and on the east by the province of Ontario, Canada, is one of the five Great Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
- Haystack Rock, Cannon Beach, Oregon, USA
- Goat Rock, California, USA
- Old Harry Rocks, Dorset, England. Haystack Rock is a 235-foot (72-meter tall Monolith (or sea stack) on the Oregon coast in the northwestern United States, the third-tallest Cannon Beach a city in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States, is an affluent tourist resort destination Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Goat Rock Beach is a sand Beach in northwestern Sonoma County California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Old Harry Rocks are Chalk stacks located directly east of Studland and to the north of Swanage in Dorset. Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
- The Needles, Isle of Wight, England. The Needles is a row of three distinctive stacks of Chalk that rise out of the Sea off the western extremity of the Isle of Wight, The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
- Am Buachaille, Sutherland, Scotland. Am Buachaille is a Sea stack, or vertical rock formation near Sandwood Bay in the Scottish county of Sutherland at. Sutherland (In Gaelic the area is referred to according to its traditional areas Dùthaich 'Ic Aoidh (NW Asainte (Assynt and Cataibh (East Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
- Old Man of Hoy, Orkney, Scotland. The Old Man of Hoy is a 137 Metre (450 ft) sea stack of red sandstone perched on a Plinth of Igneous Basalt Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
- The Twelve Apostles, Victoria on the Great Ocean Road, Victoria, Australia
- Percé Rock, Percé Quebec, Canada
- Hopewell Rocks, Hopewell Cape New Brunswick, Canada
- Po Pin Chau, High Island, Hong Kong
- Étretat, Seine-Maritime, France
- "Lange Anna" on Heligoland
- Bushrangers Bay, Victoria, Australia
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