| St Leonards-on-Sea | |
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  St Leonards-on-Sea shown within East Sussex |
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| OS grid reference | |
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| District | Hastings |
| Shire county | East Sussex |
| Region | South East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ST. East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system LEONARDS-ON-SEA |
| Postcode district | TN37-38 |
| Police | Sussex |
| Fire | East Sussex |
| Ambulance | South East Coast |
| European Parliament | South East England |
| UK Parliament | Bexhill and Battle |
| List of places: UK • England • East Sussex | |
St Leonards-on-Sea (or for short, St Leonards) is part of Hastings, East Sussex, England, lying immediately to the west of the centre. UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Tonbridge postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Ashford, Battle, Bexhill-on-Sea, Cranbrook, There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Sussex Police is the Home Office police force responsible for policing East Sussex, West Sussex and City of Brighton and Hove in southern The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The East Sussex Fire & Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service for the county of East Sussex and city of Brighton and Hove The South East Coast Ambulance Service (SECAmb is the NHS Ambulance Services Trust for south-eastern England, covering Kent (including Medway South East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Bexhill and Battle is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the County of East Sussex, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The original part of the settlement was laid out in the early 19th century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off; it also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church. Today's St Leonards has extended well beyond that original design, although the original town still exists within it.
Contents |
History
The land that is now St Leonards was once owned by the Levett family, an ancient Sussex gentry family of Norman origin who owned the adjacent manor of Hollington, and subsequently by their descendants, the Eversfields, who rose to prominence from their iron foundries and widespread property holdings during Tudor times. Levett is an Anglo-Norman territorial Surname deriving from the village of Livet-en-Ouche now Jonquerets-de-Livet, in Eure, Normandy Hollington is a suburb and local government ward in the northwest of Hastings, East Sussex. Eversfields served as sheriffs of Surrey and Sussex in the 16th and 17th centuries and were later baronets before the family became extinct. [1][2][3]
James Burton (1761–1837) a successful London architect who had developed large areas of Bloomsbury and the houses around Regent's Park, purchased land from the Eversfield estate[4] in order to put into being his concept of a seaside resort. James Burton (1761&ndash1837 was a builder and developer responsible for large areas of Bloomsbury and the houses around Regent's Park in London Bloomsbury is an area of central London in the south of the London Borough of Camden, developed by the Russell family in the 17th and 18th centuries into For other meanings see Regent's Park (disambiguation Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks The land was part of Gensing Farm; and included a small wooded valley leading down to the sea. Work on the plan [5] started in early 1828. It included a house for himself (West Villa: now 57 Marina); service areas were provided, such as shops and laundering (Mercatoria and Lavatoria[6], as well as public buildings for entertainment and the picturesque siting of villas amongst the wooded slopes and water of the central gardens, to be paid for by subscription [7].
In addition he persuaded the Turnpike Commissioners to have the road leading to St Leonards included in the scheme, and arranged for the road through Silverhill to be built so as to give access. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards Before he died in 1837 St Leonards (Royal Victoria) Hotel, the South Colonnade, an archway marking the town boundary with Hastings [8], and tall seafront houses (as far as 71 Marina) had also been completed. His grave is marked by a pyramid in the churchyard above St Leonards Church. In 1850 his son Decimus (1800-1881) started the second phase of building, by acquiring more land and extending the development westward [9]. Decimus Burton ( 30 September 1800 - 14 December 1881) was a prolific English Architect and garden designer particularly He lived in the the town for the remainder of his life.
Decimus Burton became a Commissioner of the new town in 1833. He leased a triangle of land bounded by Mercatoria, St John's Church, Maze Hill and Kenilworth Road. Here he built The Cottage (now St Leonards Lodge), Maze Hill House (demolished), The Mount (13 houses), The Uplands (6), The Lawn (10), and a school (now part of the College). Later, in Upper Maze Hill he built Baston Lodge, Tower House and Clone House (now Healey House). He gave some land in Mercatoria for a National School, and completed his father's seafront terrace by building 72 to 82 Marina. Modern (2006) photographs give a flavour of this development [10]
The popularity of St Leonards, however, was not lost upon the town of Hastings. It had already begun to expand westwards, through Pelham Place and Wellington Square, and further building began. The Eversfield Estate, from whom the Burtons had bought land, saw the potential and it too began to sell off more space, having obtained an Act of Parliament opening the way for speculative builders beyond the Burton boundaries [11]. An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. As a result the area between the two towns began to fill with properties. In 1875 the two towns merged into the County Borough of Hastings, and by then the total seafront had reached some three miles (4. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City 8km). Soon after that, the Warrior Square and Upper St Leonards areas were being developed.
By now the railways had arrived: the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway reached West Marina in 1845, although it was not until 1852 that the station later named St Leonards Warrior Square was opened by the South Eastern Railway, with a station also at West St Leonards. The London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR (commonly known as "the Brighton line" was a Railway company in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1923 St Leonards Warrior Square railway station is one of four railway stations serving Hastings in East Sussex, England For the railway in India see South Eastern Railway (India South Eastern Railway (SER was a railway company in the United Kingdom West St Leonards railway station is on the main London - Tunbridge Wells - Hastings line in East Sussex, United Kingdom, and is one of four stations that The junction for the two routes, called Bo-Peep Junction, was named after a nearby public house, which in turn came from the activities of smugglers and excise men [12].
Construction of the pier began in March 1888, and it was opened by Lord and Lady Brassey on 28th October 1891. Thomas Brassey 1st Earl Brassey GCB, JP, DL, TD ( 11 February 1836 &ndash 23 February 1918) was Positioned almost opposite the Royal Victoria Hotel, the shore end had a pavilion constructed of intricate ironwork at the entrance so that visitors could drive straight to the door and avoid the seafront weather. There was also a tollhouse to the left of the entrance that was demolished by a storm on 12th February 1899. The far end of the pier had a building used for dancing, and later as a roller hockey rink. During the 1920s the pier was modernised and finally cut in half during the Second World War as protection against invasion. The remains were removed in 1951.
On the sea front stands an ocean liner shaped art-deco building known as Marine Court [13], which upon completion in 1937 was the tallest block of flats in the United Kingdom, comprising some 153 flats and 3 restaurants. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Despite this claim to fame, entries to a competition to name the building show that it was not universally popular. Though a listed building, it is in a poor state of repair and awaiting the outcome of planning enquiries.
Geography
The town of St Leonards today occupies, firstly, the fairly steeply climbing land immediately adjacent to the west of Hastings, leading up towards Silverhill and Hollington; and secondly, to the west where the land is lower lying. Silverhill is a Suburb and Local Government Ward of Hastings, East Sussex. Hollington is a suburb and local government ward in the northwest of Hastings, East Sussex. The latter part of the town - Bulverhythe - is thought to be the original site of the port of Hastings, since sut off by longshore drift of pebbles. Longshore drift (sometimes known as shore drift, LSD or littoral drift) is a geological process by which Sediments such as sand Within the higher land there are some small valleys: that through which the Priory stream flows through Alexandra Park being the main one.
Demography
Transport
The principal roads in St Leonards are the seafront (Grand Parade and Marina) part of the A259 coastal route; and London Road. Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name The A259 is a major Road in England, running along the south coast with part of the A259 running almost parallel to the A27 road. List of A roads beginning with 2 in Great Britain starting south of the River Thames and east of the A3. Two of the three railway stations remain open: St Leonards (West Marina) was closed in 1967. St Leonards West Marina is a closed railway station in the West St Leonards area of the borough of Hastings, East Sussex. Today's bus [14] and train [15] services provide the public transport for the town.
Parks and Gardens
Warrior Square Gardens - The site was opened as a subscription garden in 1852. The Council purchased a strip of land at the southernmost tip to erect a statue of Queen Victoria in 1902. All but the uppermost rose garden was acquired by the Council in 1920 with the upper garden being donated to the Council in 1930. Recent improvements include major re-landscaping and wall restoration, completed in 2001. The lower section was completely re-laid following extensive excavation by Southern Water. Southern Water is the utility responsible for wastewater collection and treatment in Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, West Sussex, East Sussex
St Leonards Gardens - Originally laid out as a private garden for the Burton family, St Leonards Gardens was bought by the town for £9,000 in 1879. The gardens had two ponds and a maze, which proved very popular and gave Maze Hill its name. Gothic-style buildings were built around the wooded valley. The gateway to St Leonards Gardens is an imposing Burton building. The garden was purchased by the Council in 1880 and opened to the public; it consists of trees, shrubs and grass areas with a central pond. The Council applied for a Heritage Lottery Grant for the restoration of this garden and work has now begun [16].
Gensing Gardens - The garden was purchased by the Council in 1872 and landscaped by the then Borough Surveyor, William Andrews. Little is recorded of the history of the site, although the name comes from the original farm. The garden has been subject to numerous improvements during the last 10 years, and consists of shrub and flower beds, trees, grass areas, and an equipped playground suitable for up to 14 year old children. It is located within a priority ward and is a rare and valuable open space within its neighbourhood.
Markwick Gardens - The Gardens were formed in the 1860s primarily for the use and pleasure of the residents of Markwick Terrace, which was built in the 1830-40s. At that time, the land was owned by the Eversfield Trust, which no longer exists and the gardens are now owned, privately, by the Eversfield Estates Since the war the gardens have been run by a Committee of local residents as the Estate now takes no part in the running. Access to the gardens is by membership of the Markwick Gardens Association. [17]
Notable Residents
Rider Haggard Author of King Solomon's Mines and She. Sir Henry Rider Haggard KBE ( 22 June 1856 &ndash 14 May 1925) was a prolific writer of Adventure novels set In 1918 Rider Haggard came to live at North Lodge, Maze Hill, the house built across the road at the entrance to old St Leonards. This remained his home until 1923.
Robert Tressell - author of The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists lived at 241 London Road from 1907. Robert Tressell ( Pen name used by Robert Noonan; April 17, 1870 &mdash February 3, 1911) was an Irish - British The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists is a Novel by Robert Tressell ( 17 April 1870 &ndash 3 February
Elsie Bowerman - suffragette, first women called to the Bar (and to appear in the Old Bailey) and Titanic survivor! On her retirement she bought a house in Silchester Road where she stayed at weekends. Elsie Edith Bowerman ( 18 December 1889 - 18 October 1973) was a lawyer Suffragette and Titanic survivor She died in 1973 at the age of 83.
Anthony Crosland, politician
George Bristow, taxidermist. Charles Anthony Raven Crosland (29 August 1918 - 19 February 1977 was a member of the Labour Party and an important socialist theorist George Bristow may refer to George Bristow (ornithologist (1863-1947 an English taxidermist gunsmith and ornithologist Taxidermy ( Greek for "skin arrangement" is the art of mounting or reproducing Animals for display (e Bristow was the man at the centre of the Hastings Rarities affair, a case of serial ornithological fraud that took place over at least the first two decades of the 20th Century. The Hastings Rarities affair is a case of putative ornithological Fraud. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on His business address was 15 Silchester Road.
Prince Rainier of Monaco attended Summerfields School in St Leonards. Rainier III Prince of Monaco (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi 31 May 1923 &ndash 6 April 2005) styled His Serene Highness For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque Summerfields was a boys' preparatory school in the St Leonards-on-Sea area of Hastings, East Sussex. [1]
Sheila Kaye-Smith - Prolific authoress whose novels are set in the Sussex countryside around Hastings and Rye. Sheila Kaye-Smith ( 4 February 1887 – January 14 1956) was an English writer known for her many novels set in the borderlands of Sussex Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England; it is also the administrative centre for the Borough of the same name Rye ( Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop She was born in St Leonards, the daughter of a local doctor and lived in Dane Road until her marriage in 1924.
George Monger VC - joined the 23th Regiment, later the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, as a drummer boy and was sent out to India where he won his VC during the Siege of Lucknow in 1857. George Monger VC ( 3 March 1840 - 9 August 1887) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest The Siege of Lucknow was the prolonged defence of the Residency within the city of Lucknow during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the First At the age of seventeen he was one of the youngest recipients of this award. After leaving the Army, he came to Hastings with his wife and family and lived in Tower Road, St Leonards where he died in 1887.
Amenities
The principal shopping area is that bounded by London Road, Kings Road and Norman Road. Plans are in hand for renewal of the central St. Leonards area. [18] Norman Road is becoming a venue for antique and boutique shops.
A Blue Plaques Trail seeks to show visitors principal places of interest in St Leonards. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event [19]
Views around St Leonards
 Horse and Groom - St Leonards oldest public house (1829) |
 Mews Road with Marine Court in background |
 North Street with Kenilworth Road in background |
 St Clements - Michelin Bib Gourmand awarded restaurant. Uses only local produce, especially fish |
 Steps down to Kings Road |
References
- ^ A Compendious History of Sussex, Mark Antony Lower, 1870
- ^ A Compendious History of Sussex, Mark Antony Lower
- ^ Sussex Archaeological Collections Relating to the History and Antiquities of Sussex, 1869
- ^ The town's prime waterfront street is Eversfield Place
- ^ Map of Burton's St Leonards
- ^ Some description of living conditions)
- ^ Details of the plans for the new town: Hastings Museum
- ^ Demolished in 1895 (see Marchant below)
- ^ Decimus Burton & St Leonards
- ^ Mary Braddon & St Leonards
- ^ Hastings Past Rex Marchant, Phillmore 1997 ISBN 1 86077 046 0
- ^ Down the line to Hastings Brian Jewell The Baton Press 1884 ISBN 0 85936 223 X
- ^ Hastings on-line
- ^ Local Bus Services
- ^ Southeastern Railways
- ^ St Leonards Gardens Restoration
- ^ Markwick Gardens Association
- ^ Central St Leonards Renewal
- ^ Blue Plaques Trail - St Leonards
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