| St. Andrews | |
| Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn (modern); Cell Rígmonaid, Ceann Righmonaidh (obsolete) |
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| Scots: Sanct Androis | |
  St. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern Andrews shown within Scotland |
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| Population | 14,209[1] |
|---|---|
| Council area | Fife |
| Lieutenancy area | Fife |
| Constituent country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ST ANDREWS |
| Postcode district | KY16 |
| Dialling code | 01334 |
| Police | Fife |
| Fire | Fife |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| European Parliament | Scotland |
| UK Parliament | North East Fife |
| Scottish Parliament | Fife North East Mid Scotland and Fife |
| List of places: UK • Scotland | |
St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn) is a town and former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as Fife ( Gaelic: Fìobha) is a Council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch 's representatives in Scotland. Fife ( Gaelic: Fìobha) is a Council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Kirkcaldy postcode area, is a group of postal districts covering most of Fife as well as Kinross around Anstruther, Burntisland The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Fife Constabulary is the police force for the Scottish council area of Fife. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Fife Fire and Rescue Service is the Statutory fire and rescue service for the area of Fife, Scotland, its Chief Fire Officer SASDivmap copyjpg|right|200px]] Helimed5jpg|thumb|right|EC-135 G-SASA "Helimed 5" based at Glasgow City Heliport]] The Scottish Ambulance Service ( Scottish Scotland constitutes a single Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election North East Fife is a Constituency in Fife, Scotland, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral North East Fife is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Constituencies and council areas The constituencies were created in 1999 with the names and boundaries of Westminster constituencies as existing in at that time A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates This List of places in Scotland is a complete collection of lists of places in Scotland. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A royal burgh was a type of Scottish Burgh which had been founded by or subsequently granted a Royal charter. Fife ( Gaelic: Fìobha) is a Council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It is named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e It has a population of about 18,000, and stands on the North Sea coast between Edinburgh and Dundee. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council It is home to Scotland's oldest university, the University of St Andrews. The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between
From mediaeval times until the Reformation, St Andrews was the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland: its bishop being the primus of the Scottish church. The Scottish Reformation was Scotland 's formal break with the Roman Catholic Church in 1560 and the events surrounding this The Bishop of St Andrews (Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese and then as Archbishop of St Andrews (Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn Today, its historic cathedral lies in ruins.
The town of St Andrews is known worldwide as the "home of golf". This is in part because the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, founded in 1754, exercises legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico), and also because the famous links (acquired by the town in 1894) is the most frequent venue for The Open Championship, the oldest of golf's four major championships. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews is one of the oldest and most prestigious Golf clubs in the world with the oldest being the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Year 1754 ( MDCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or St Andrews Links in the town of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, is regarded as the "home of Golf " Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Open Championship, or simply The Open (often referred to as the British Open outside the UK) is the oldest of the four major championships The men's major golf championships, often referred to simply as "the majors" are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional Golf. Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches.
The Martyrs Memorial, erected to the honour of Patrick Hamilton, George Wishart, and other martyrs of the Reformation epoch, stands at the west end of the Scores on a cliff overlooking the sea. Patrick Hamilton ( 1504 - February 29, 1528) was a Scottish churchman and an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland George Wishart (c 1513 &ndash 1 March 1546) was a Scottish religious reformer and Protestant Martyr. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time
Contents |
History
A Pictish stronghold probably stood on the site of St Andrews, and tradition declares that Kenneth, the patron saint of Kennoway, established a Céli Dé monastery here in the 6th century. Kennoway is a Village in Fife, Scotland,with a lower average income than anywhere else in fife near the larger population centres in the area of Leven The Culdee, Kuldee or Céli Dé (lit " vassals of God " formed a Monastic order with settlements in Ireland, Scotland This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The place is not actually attested in contemporary records until 747, when the Irish annals report the death of Túathalán, abbot of "Cennrígmonaid" (Old Irish for "head of the King's monad", monad being a broad term meaning anything from "mountain" to "pastureland"). Events By Place Asia Abu Muslim unites the Abbasid Empire against the Umayyads Ibrahim the Imam leader Túathalán († 747) was a Gaelic or Scoto - Pictish Abbot of Cennrigmonaid. Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language, or rather the Goidelic languages, for which extensive written texts are possessed The foundations of the little church dedicated to the Virgin were discovered on the Kirkheugh in 1860. Another Céli Dé church of St Mary on the Rock is supposed to have stood on the Lady's Craig, now covered by the sea.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the settlement had the name of Kilrymont (a Normanized spelling of Cell Rígmonaid, "the church of the King's monad") or of Muckross ("the promontory of the boars"). Another legend tells how Saint Regulus or Rule (Riagail), the bishop of Patras, Achaea, was guided hither bearing the relics of Saint Andrew. Saint Regulus or Saint Rule of Andrew was a Monk of Patras who in the fourth century according to a Scottish legend that became current during the twelfth Patras was a Metropolitan see in Achaia, Greece. It is now a Catholic Titular see. Achaea (Αχαΐα Achaïa, axaˈia in Polytonic orthography) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern The Pictish king Angus MacFergus gave him a tract of land called the "Boar's Raik", perhaps preserved in the nearby settlement of Boarhills of the present day, and the name of the spot was changed to "St Andrews". The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century
St Andrews is said to have become a bishopric in the 9th century, and when the Pictish and Scottish churches merged in 908, the primacy was transferred to it from Dunkeld, its bishop becoming thereafter known as "bishop" or "high bishop of Scotland" (ardepiscop Alban). Dunkeld ( Dùn Chailleann in Scottish Gaelic) is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland, approximately 15 Miles The Bishop of St Andrews (Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese and then as Archbishop of St Andrews (Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn It became an archbishopric during the primacy of Patrick Graham (1466 - 1478). The town was created a royal burgh in 1124. A royal burgh was a type of Scottish Burgh which had been founded by or subsequently granted a Royal charter.
In the 16th century St Andrews functioned as one of the most important ports north of the Forth and allegedly had 14,000 inhabitants, but it fell into decay after the violent Scottish Reformation and the English Civil War. The Firth of Forth ( Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the Estuary or Firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows The Scottish Reformation was Scotland 's formal break with the Roman Catholic Church in 1560 and the events surrounding this The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Daniel Defoe says that when he saw it one-sixth of its houses were ruinous and the sea had so encroached on the harbour that it was never likely to be restored; but the slight improvement in trade and public spirit which Bishop Pococke seemed to detect in 1760 continued throughout the 19th century. Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 — April 24, 1731 was an English Writer, Journalist, and Pamphleteer, who gained enduring fame for Richard Pococke ( 19 November 1704 - 25 September 1765) was an English Prelate and anthropologist. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
Still, by the late-19th century the town was dilapidated. The masters at the university complained of the conditions and contemplated moving either to Perth or to Dumfries. The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. Dumfries (dəmˈfriːs is a town and former Royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland and is situated close to the In the 1960s the town was revitalised by growth in the university and the growing popularity of golf. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between
Weather and Climate
St Andrews has a temperate maritime climate, which is relatively mild despite its northerly latitude. An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the Winters are not as cold as one might expect, considering that Moscow and Labrador in Newfoundland lie on the same latitude. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Modern Labrador Just like its island neighbour Newfoundland early settlement in Labrador was tied to the sea as demonstrated by the Montagnais, Innu and Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Daytime temperatures rarely fall below freezing and average around 5 °C. Night-time frosts are not uncommon, however snowfall is increasingly rare. The lowest winter temperature recorded in St Andrews is -14 °C, but this is exceptional. Summer temperatures are normally moderate, with daily upper maxima rarely exceeding 25 °C. Being on the east coast of Scotland, it is often subject to the fog, or “haar” which rolls off the North Sea and can linger for several days at a time.
Buildings
Cathedral
The ruins of the Cathedral of St Andrew, at one time Scotland's largest building, originated in the priory of Canons Regular founded by Bishop Robert (1122 - 1159). The Cathedral of St Andrew in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland was the seat of the Bishops (later Archbishops of St Andrews from its Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It was not completed and consecrated until 1318 in the reign of Robert the Bruce (1306-29). Robert I King of Scots ( 11 July, 1274 &ndash 7 June, 1329) usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce ( The Cathedral and its associated conventual buildings were sacked and gradually became ruinous after the Reformation in 1559 as stone from the cathedral was used for local buildings. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time At the end of the 17th century, some of the priory buildings remained entire and considerable remains of others existed, but nearly all traces have now disappeared except much of the defensive Priory wall, with its towers and gates. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar To the west of the Cathedral, the 14th century main gateway into the Cathedral precinct, known as the Pends, also survives.
Apart from most of the east and west gables, the south nave wall, and parts of the south transept, the Cathedral itself has been reduced to its foundations by stone robbing. In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the Fragments can be found built into the older buildings throughout the town. A site museum (Historic Scotland; entrance charge) contains an impressive collection of stonework from all phases of the Cathedral's history, from early medieval to 17th century. Historic Scotland is an Executive agency of the Scottish Government, responsible for historic monuments in Scotland. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The most important single piece is the St Andrews Sarcophagus, a masterpiece of 8th century Pictish sculpture. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century
St Rule's Tower
St Rule's tower is located in the Cathedral grounds but predates it, probably itself having been part of the Cathedral up to the early 12th century. The building was retained to allow worship to continue uninterrupted during the building of its much larger successor. Originally, the tower and adjoining choir were part of a church built probably in the 11th century to hold the relics of St Andrew. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers The nave, with twin western turrets, and the apse of the church no longer stand. In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the APSE standing for Ada Programming Support Environment is a program or set of programs to support Software development in the Ada programming language. The church's original appearance is illustrated in stylised form on some of the early seals of the Cathedral Priory. Legend credits St Rule (also known as St Regulus) with bringing relics of St Andrew to the area from their original location at Patras in Greece. Saint Regulus or Saint Rule of Andrew was a Monk of Patras who in the fourth century according to a Scottish legend that became current during the twelfth Saint Regulus or Saint Rule of Andrew was a Monk of Patras who in the fourth century according to a Scottish legend that became current during the twelfth Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Today the tower commands an admirable view of the town, harbour, sea, and surrounding countryside. Beautifully built in grey sandstone ashlar, and immensely tall, it is a land- and sea-mark seen from many miles away, its prominence doubtless meant to guide pilgrims to the place of the Apostle's relics. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Ashlar is dressed stone work of any type of stone Ashlar blocks are large rectangular blocks of Masonry sculpted to have square edges and even faces In the Middle Ages a spire atop the tower made it even more prominent. The tower was originally ascended using ladders between wooden floors, but a stone spiral staircase was inserted in the 18th century (Historic Scotland; entrance charge to Tower and site museum). The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Historic Scotland is an Executive agency of the Scottish Government, responsible for historic monuments in Scotland.
Castle
The picturesque ruins of St Andrews Castle stand on a rocky promontory much worn away by the sea. St Andrews Castle is a picturesque Ruin located in the coastal Royal Burgh of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland. A promontory is a prominent mass of land which overlooks lower lying land or a body of water (when it may be called a Peninsula or headland) Bishop Roger supposedly erected the first stone castle on the site about the beginning of the 13th century as an episcopal residence, strongly fortified. English invaders frequently captured it, and after its recapture by the Scottish regent, Andrew Murray, in 1336-37, it was destroyed lest it should fall into their hands. Andrew or Andy Murray may refer to Andrew Murray, often spelt Andrew Moray, key military and political leader of the Scots during the Scottish Towards the close of the century Bishop Trail rebuilt it in the form of a massive five-sided enclosure with a moat on the south and west sides. James I spent some of his early years within it under the care of Bishop Wardlaw, and it was the birthplace of James III in 1445. James I ( December 10, 1394 &ndash February 21, 1437) was nominal King of Scots from April 4, 1406, and James III (c 1451/1452 &ndash 11 June 1488) was King of Scots from 1460 to 1488 From a window in the castle Cardinal Beaton witnessed the burning of the Protestant reformer George Wishart (1546) for the crime of heresy, and in the same year a party of Reformers murdered Beaton within it. David Beaton (c 1494 &ndash 29 May 1546) was Archbishop of St Andrews and the last Scottish Cardinal prior to the Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. George Wishart (c 1513 &ndash 1 March 1546) was a Scottish religious reformer and Protestant Martyr. Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Castle was taken from the conspirators by the French, after a year-long siege, among the prisoners captured being John Knox. John Knox (c 1510 – 24 November 1572 was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian
Parish Church of the Holy Trinity
Bishop Thurgot founded the town church (officially known as the Parish Church of the Holy Trinity) in 1112. Thurgot (or Turgot) was the first " Norman " Bishop of Saint Andrews (then called Cell Rígmonaid, and Kilrymont by Scoto-Normans Originally standing close to the east end of the Cathedral, the parish church was moved in the 15th century to a new site on the north side of South Street. This was one of Scotland's largest parish churches, with a round-pillared nave and chancel, and a north-west tower crowned by a stone spire. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Largely rebuilt in the 18th century, the church was restored to a (more elaborately decorated) approximation of its medieval appearance in the early 20th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Only the tower, part of the west wall and the internal pillars survive from the original building. In this church John Knox first preached in public (May or June) 1547, and in it, on 4 June 1559, he delivered the famous sermon from St Matthew xxi. John Knox (c 1510 – 24 November 1572 was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. 12, 13, which led to the stripping of the Cathedral and the destruction of the monastic buildings. Holy Trinity contains an elaborate monument in white marble to James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews (assassinated 1679). James Sharp (1613&ndash1679 was a Presbyterian minister and later Archbishop of St Andrews (1661&ndash1679 A rare survival from the Middle Ages are a few of the church's elegantly carved choir stalls, thought to have been carved by the famous French sculptor James Bentley.
Holy Trinity Parish Church is a congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The current (2006) minister is the Rev. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rory MacLeod.
The town also has other churches, including three other Church of Scotland congregations (St Leonard's, Martyrs' and Hope Park), a Free Church of Scotland, two Scottish Episcopal Church congregations (St Andrew's and All Saints'), a Baptist church, a Roman Catholic church (St James' built in 1909), the Eden Fellowship, a Gospel Hall, a Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) Meeting House and a Kingdom Vineyard Fellowship. Hope Park Churc h in St Andrews, Fife is a congregation of the Church of Scotland The Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba is a Christian denomination in Scotland and a member of the Anglican Communion, although it Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. The name used by certain Fundamentalist Christian groups sometimes referred to as the Gospel Hall Brethren, for their buildings A Friends meeting house is a place of worship for the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers
Chapel of the Blackfriars
In South Street stands the elegant late medieval ruin of the north transept of the chapel of the Dominican Friary, founded by Bishop Wishart in 1274, the only part of the House of the Blackfriars to remain above ground. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is
All traces of the Observantine Franciscan Friary founded about 1450 by Bishop Kennedy have disappeared, except the well and a small section of boundary wall. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic
Education
The University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews owed its origin to a society formed in 1410 by Lawrence of Lindores, abbot of Scone, Richard Cornwall, archdeacon of Lothian, William Stephenson, afterwards bishop of Dunblane, and a few others. The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Dunblane ( Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Bhlàthain) is a small cathedral town and former Burgh north of Stirling in the Stirling council Bishop Henry Wardlaw (died 1440) issued a charter in 1411 and attracted the most learned men in Scotland as professors. Henry Wardlaw (died April 6, 1440) was a Scottish church leader Bishop of St Andrews and founder of the University of St Andrews. In 1413 Avignon Pope Benedict XIII issued six bulls confirming the charter and constituting the society a university. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Lectures took place in various parts of the town until 1430, when Wardlaw allowed the lecturers the use of a building called the Paedagogium, or St Johns College. Bishop Kennedy founded and richly endowed St Salvator's College in 1450; seven years later it gained the right to confer degrees in theology and philosophy, and by the end of the century was regarded as a constituent part of the university. St Salvator's College of the University of St Andrews was founded in 1450 by Bishop James Kennedy on North Street St Andrews Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language
In 1512 Prior John Hepburn and Archbishop Alexander Stewart founded St Leonard's College on the site of the buildings which at one time served as a hostel for pilgrims. There have been a number of notable people called Alexander Stewart, including several members of the Scottish royal family In the same year Archbishop Stewart nominally changed the original Paedagogium into a college and annexed to it the parish church of St Michael of Tarvet; but its actual erection into a college did not take place until 1537, when it was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Assumption. The outline of the ancient structure has survived, but various restorations have much altered its general character. It forms two sides of a quadrangle, the library and principal's residence standing on the north and the lecture rooms and the old dining-hall to the west.
The University library, which now includes the older college libraries, was founded in 1612, rebuilt in 1764, and improved in 1829 and 1889 - 1890. The lower hall in the older part of the building was used at times as a provincial meeting-place for the Scottish Parliament. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral When the constitution of the colleges was remodelled in 1579 St Mary's was set apart for theology; and in 1747 the colleges of St Salvator and St Leonard were formed into the United College. The United College (in full United College of St Salvator and St Leonard) is one of the two statutory Colleges of the University of St Andrews in A co-educational school now occupies the buildings of St Leonards. St Leonards School and Sixth Form College, formerly St Leonards School for Girls, is an independent school, founded by the University of St Andrews
The University retains ownership of the tiny St Leonards college chapel, and candle-lit services take place weekly during term-time. The United College occupies the site of St Salvator's College, but, with the exception of the college chapel, the entrance gateway and clock tower (152 feet high) and the janitor's house with some classrooms above, the original buildings have been removed. The chapel is now used as the university chapel, and is a fine Gothic structure, containing an elaborate tomb of Bishop Kennedy and Knox's pulpit. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.
The modern buildings, in the Jacobean style, were erected between 1827 and 1847. The Jacobean style is the name given to the second phase of Renaissance Architecture in England, following the Elizabethan style. University College, Dundee, became in 1890 affiliated to the University of St Andrews. The House of Lords set aside this arrangement in 1895, but a re-affiliation took place in 1897. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This affiliation ended in 1967 with the founding of the University of Dundee. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The University of Dundee ( Gaelic: Oilthigh Dùn Deagh) is the older and arguably much more stuck-up and snobby of the two Universities in the city In 1887 - 1888 a common dining-hall for the students was established; in 1892 provision was made within the university for the instruction of women, and in 1896 a permanent building was opened for the board and residence of women students. To the south of the library, the Bute Medical Buildings, erected by the munificence of the 3rd Marquess of Bute, was opened in 1899. The Bute Medical School is the school of medicine at the University of St Andrews in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. John Patrick Crichton-Stuart 3rd Marquess of Bute KT ( 12 September, 1847 &ndash 9 October, 1900, landed Aristocrat, industrial It was during the principalship of Dr James Donaldson, who succeeded John Tulloch (1823 - 1886), that most of the modern improvements were introduced. John Tulloch ( 1823 - February 13, 1886) was a Scottish theologian.
Madras College
Madras College, founded and endowed by Dr Andrew Bell (1755-1832), a native of the town, is a famous school. Madras College is a Secondary school located in St Andrews, Scotland. Madras College is a Secondary school located in St Andrews, Scotland.
St Leonards
St Leonards[2], founded in 1877 as an all-girls school, is now a co-educational school for 3-18 year olds. St Leonards School and Sixth Form College, formerly St Leonards School for Girls, is an independent school, founded by the University of St Andrews
Leisure
St Andrews has a variety of sporting activities open to the public. The East Sands Leisure Centre, which sits on the outskirts of the town, is a popular place for tourists wishing to swim, play pool or even keep fit in the gym. On the local East Sands beach, surfing is possible though big waves are a rarity that are more common during the winter months. Kite flying is often found on the West Sands beach. Being the "Home of Golf", it is understandable that golf is St Andrews' most popular sport. Where it may cost £130 for an adult to play on the Old Course (as of 2008)[3], it costs only a fraction of that to play on some of the other links courses. There are 7 links golf courses in all; Old, New, Jubilee, Eden, Strathtyrum, Balgove and the Castle Course.
Other places of interest:
- St Andrews Tennis Club
- St Andrews University Sports Centre
- Madras Rugby Club
- St Andrews Links Golf Driving Range
Representation
Prior to 1975 the town was governed by a council, provost and baillies. Madras College Former Pupils Rugby Football Club is a Rugby union side based in St Andrews in Fife, Scotland. A provost (introduced into Scots from French) is the ceremonial head of many Scottish local authorities. A baillie (alternative spelling bailie, from Old French) was a local civic officer in Scottish Burghs approximately equivalent to the post of In 1975, St Andrews came under Fife Regional Council and North East Fife District Council, since merged to create a single-tier Fife Council. Fife ( Gaelic: Fìobha) is a Council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland St Andrews retains its own Community Council.
According to the 1911 records, the town gave its name to the district group of burghs for returning one member to parliament, the other constituents being the two Anstruthers, Crail, Cupar, Kilrenny and Pittenweem. There is also a P G Wodehouse character named Mr Anstruther. Anstruther ( Enster in Scots, Eanstar Crail is a former Royal burgh in the East Neuk of Fife, Scotland. Cupar is a town and former Royal burgh in Fife, Scotland. The town is approximately equidistant between the larger settlements of Dundee Kilrenny is a village in Fife, Scotland. Part of the East Neuk, it lies immediately to the north of (but inland and separate from Anstruther Pittenweemjpg|thumb|300px|Pittenweem from the outer harbour wall Currently, St Andrews is part of the North East Fife Parliamentary Constituency, which is represented in the UK Parliament by Sir Menzies Campbell CBE QC MP and in the Scottish Parliament by Iain Smith MSP. North East Fife is a Constituency in Fife, Scotland, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Sir Walter Menzies Campbell CBE QC (born 22 May 1941) commonly known as Ming Campbell, is a British Politician See also Ian Smith (disambiguation Iain Smith (born 1 May 1960 is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician and Member of the Scottish Parliament
Trivia
According to a plaque in St Andrews, the first dollar symbol was cast in a type-foundry in Philadelphia in 1797 that belonged to a Scots emigrant John Baine. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə "Barnstormer" redirects here because of the band by that name John Baine and Alexander Wilson, the father of Scottish type-founding, had been supported by Bailie Bell of St Andrews. Alexander Wilson ( July 6, 1766 &ndash August 23, 1813) was a Scottish-American Poet, Ornithologist, naturalist Bailie Bell was the father of the educationalist Andrew Bell who established Madras College. Andrew Bell, (1753&ndash1832 was a Scottish Anglican Priest and Educationalist who pioneered the Madras System of Education
The British actress Judi Dench will be awarded an honorary degree by the St Andrews University. Dame Judith Olivia Dench, CH, DBE, FRSA, (born 9 December, 1934) usually known as Judi Dench, is an English She will be made a Doctor of Letters (D. Litt) on Tuesday 24 June 2008. Distinguished actress to be honoured by University
See also
- Bishop of St Andrews
- Celtic art - Pictish stones at St Andrews. The Bishop of St Andrews (Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese and then as Archbishop of St Andrews (Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn Celtic art is art associated with various people known as Celts; those who spoke the Celtic languages in Europe from pre-history through to the modern period
- St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church[4]
External links
- Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council
- St Andrews travel guide from Wikitravel
- St Andrews Links
- St Andrews Golf Blog - Information on golf in St Andrews and the surrounding area
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
Dictionary
St Andrews
-proper noun
- A city in Scotland, named after St. Andrew the Apostle. It is the home of golf.
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