| Sranan Sranan Tongo |
||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Suriname | |
| Total speakers: | 300,000 | |
| Language family: | Creole language English Creole Atlantic Suriname Sranan |
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | srn | |
| ISO 639-3: | srn | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. An English-based creole language, or English creole for short is a Creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
Sranan (also Sranan Tongo "Surinamean tongue", Surinaams, Surinamese, Suriname Creole English) is a creole language spoken as a First language by approximately 400,000 people in Suriname. A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. A first language (also mother tongue, native language, arterial language, or L1) is the language a human being learns from birth Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by [1] It is the mother tongue of the Creoles. For the languages see Creole language. For other meanings see Creole (disambiguation. Sranan was previously referred to as the less politically correct nengre or negerengels (Dutch, "negro-English"). Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname
Since this language is shared between the Dutch-, Javanese-, Hindustani-, Amerindian-, and Chinese-speaking communities, most Surinamese speak it as a second or third language. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. Hindustani (हिन्दुस्तानी ہندوستانی Hindustānī, hɪn̪d̪ʊst̪aːniː also known as " Hindi-Urdu," is a term covering For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.
Outside of Suriname the language is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Taki Taki (from English talk talk).
Origins
The Sranan Tongo words for 'to know' and 'small children' are sabi and pikin which is due to the Portuguese having been the first explorers of the West African coast, where they developed a pidgin language from which a few words became common coin in interactions with Africans by explorers who came afterward, including the English. Pickaninny (also picaninny or piccaninny) is a term &ndash generally considered derogatory &ndash that in English usage refers to black children However, research has established that Sranan is fundamentally an English-based language, with an overlay of words from Dutch, due to the Dutch takeover of Surinam in 1667.
Sranan Tongo's lexicon is thus a fusion of English, Dutch, Portuguese and Central and West African languages. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. There are an estimated 2000 Languages spoken in Africa. About a hundred of these are widely used for inter-ethnic communication It began as a pidgin spoken primarily by African slaves in Suriname who often did not have a common African language. Sranan also became the language of communication between the slaves and the slave-owners, as the slaves were prohibited to speak Dutch. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname As other ethnic groups were brought to Suriname as contract workers, Sranan became a lingua franca. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language, see etymology under Sabir and Italian below is any Language widely
Although the formal Dutch-based educational system repressed its use, Sranan became more accepted by the establishment over time, especially during the 1980s when it was popularized by Suriname's then dictator Desi Bouterse who often delivered national speeches in Sranan. Desiré Delano Bouterse of Suriname (born October 13, 1945) has been a military sports instructor coup leader army leader and a Politician
Sranan remains widely used in Suriname, especially in casual conversation where it is often mixed in freely with Dutch. People often greet each other using Sranan, saying for example "fa waka" (how are you) instead of the more formal Dutch "hoe gaat het" (how are you).
Sranan as a written language has existed since the late 19th century, and was given an official spelling by the government of Suriname on July 15, 1986 (resolution 4501). The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) A small number of writers have used Sranan in their work, most notably the poet Henri Frans de Ziel ("Trefossa"), who also wrote Suriname's national anthem (the second verse is sung in Sranan Tongo). Trefossa, pen name of Henri Frans de Ziel (born Paramaribo, January 15, 1916 &ndash died God zij met ons Suriname or Opo kondreman is the National anthem of Suriname.
Further reading
- Jan Voorhoeve and Ursy M. Lichtveld: Creole Drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Suriname. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
- C. F. A. Bruijning and J. Voorhoeve (editors): Encyclopedie van Suriname. Amsterdam and Brussel: Uitgeverij Elsevier, 1977, pp. 573-574.
- Eithne B. Carlin and Jacques Arends (editors): Atlas of the Languages of Suriname. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002.
- Michael Ietswaart and Vinije Haabo: Sranantongo. Surinaams voor reizigers en thuisblijvers. Amsterdam: Mets & Schilt, 2002.
- J. C. M. Blanker and J. Dubbeldam: "Prisma Woordenboek Sranantongo". Utrecht: Uitgeverij Het Spectrum B.V., 2005, ISBN 90-274-1478-5, www.prismawoordenboeken.nl - A Sranantongo to Dutch and Dutch to Sranantongo dictionary. Het Spectrum is a Dutch publishing house It publishes books under its own name and two other trade marks Winkler Prins and Prisma
External links
Dictionary
Sranan Tongo
-proper noun
- A creole language spoken as a first language by approximately 400,000 people in Suriname<ref>Ethnologue</ref>. It is the mother tongue of the Creoles.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic