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The spy film genre deals with the subject of fictional espionage, either in a realistic way or as a basis for fantasy. In Film theory, genre refers to the primary method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed Many novels in the spy fiction genre have been adapted as films, although in many cases (such as James Bond) the overall tone is changed. The Genre of spy fiction —sometimes called political thriller or spy thriller or sometimes shortened simply to Spy-fi —arose before James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story The spy film genre began in the silent era, with the paranoia of invasion literature and the start of the First World War. Invasion literature (or the invasion novel) was a historical Literary genre most notable between 1871 and the First World War (1914 World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All These produced the British 1914 'The German Spy Peril' (centred around a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament) and 'O. H. M. S'[1] (standing for Our Helpless Millions Saved as well as On Her Majesty's Service, and introducing for the first time a strong female character who helps the hero). OHMS ( On Her Majesty's Service or when the monarch is male On His Majesty's Service) is an endorsement commonly seen on official correspondence from government

Alfred Hitchcock did much to popularise the spy film in the 1930s with his influential thrillers The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), The 39 Steps (1935), Sabotage (1937) and The Lady Vanishes (1938). Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 } The Man Who Knew Too Much is a 1934 suspense Film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and released by Gaumont British. The 39 Steps is a 1935 Film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, based on the adventure Novel The Thirty-nine Steps Sabotage, also released as The Woman Alone, is a 1936 British Thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock The Lady Vanishes ( 1938) is a Film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. These often involved innocent cattle being caught up in international conspiracies. Some, however, dealt with professional spies as in Hitchcock's Secret Agent (1936), based on W. Somerset Maugham's Ashenden stories. William Somerset Maugham, CH ( January 25 1874 &ndash December 16 1965) was an English Playwright,

In the 1940s and early 1950s there were several films made about the exploits of Allied agents in occupied Europe, which could probably be considered as a sub-genre. 13 Rue Madeleine and O.S.S. were fictional stories about American agents in German-occupied France, and there were a number of films based on the stories of real-life British S.O.E. agents, including Odette and Carve Her Name With Pride. The Office of Strategic Services ( OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Special Operations Executive ( SOE) (sometimes referred to as "the Baker Street Irregulars " after Sherlock Holmes ' fictional group of helpers Odette is a movie made in 1950 starring Anna Neagle as Odette Sansom, an Allied French-born heroine of World War II who Carve Her Name with Pride is a 1958 British Drama film based on the book of the same name by R A more recent fictional example is Charlotte Gray, based on the novel by Sebastian Faulks. Charlotte Gray is a 2001 feature Film directed by Gillian Armstrong, based on the novel by Sebastian Faulks. Sebastian Faulks CBE FRSL (born 20 April 1953) is an acclaimed English Novelist.

The peak of popularity of the spy film is often considered to be the 1960s when Cold War fears meshed with a desire by audiences to see exciting and suspenseful films. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The espionage film developed in two directions at this time. On the one hand, the realistic spy novels of Len Deighton and John le Carré were adapted into relatively serious Cold War thrillers which dealt with some of the realities of the espionage world. Leonard Cyril Deighton (born February 18, 1929, Marylebone, London) is a British Historian, Cookery expert John le Carré is the Pseudonym of David John Moore Cornwell (born October 19, 1931 in Poole, Dorset, England Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Some of these films included The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), The Deadly Affair (1966), and the Harry Palmer series, based on the novels of Len Deighton. The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1965 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by John le Carré. The Deadly Affair is a 1966 British espionage - Thriller film, based on the story Call for the Dead, by Harry Palmer is the fictional Secret agent Protagonist of three Films based on Spy novels written by Len Deighton.

At the same time, the James Bond novels by Ian Fleming were adapted into an increasingly fantastical series of tongue-in-cheek adventure films by producers Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli, with Sean Connery as the star. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story Ian Lancaster Fleming ( May 28, 1908 – August 12, 1964) was a British author, Journalist and Second World War Harry Saltzman ( October 27 1915 - September 28 1994) was a theatre and Film producer best known for his mega-gamble which resulted Albert Romolo Broccoli, CBE (Hon ( April 5 1909 &ndash June 27 1996) nicknamed "Cubby" was an American Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born August 25 1930) is an Academy Award - Golden Globe - and BAFTA Award -winning Scottish The phenomenal success of the Bond series lead to a deluge of imitators, such as the Eurospy genre and several from America. Eurospy films is a nickname for the genre of European films that imitated and spoofed the James Bond 007 series of films Among the best known examples were the two 'Derek Flint' films starring James Coburn, and the Matt Helm series with Dean Martin. James Harrison Coburn Jr ( 31 August &ndash 18 November) was an American film and television actor known for his charisma and natural charm Matt Helm is a fictional character created by author Donald Hamilton. Dean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti; June 7 1917 &ndash December 25 1995 was an American Singer, Film Actor, television personality Television also got into the act with series like The Man from U.N.C.L.E and I Spy in the U. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The Man from UNCLE is an American television series that was broadcast on NBC from September 22, 1964, to January I Spy is an American television Secret agent adventure series S. , and Danger Man and The Avengers in Britain. This article is about 1960s TV series aka "Secret Agent" also see 1990s TV series Secret Agent Man. The Avengers was a British Television series featuring Secret agents in 1960s Britain. Spies have remained popular on TV to the present day with series such as Callan, Alias and Spooks. Callan was the title of a British television series set in the murky world of espionage that aired on ITV broadcasting over four seasons spread out between Alias is an American " Spy-fi " television series created by J Spooks is a BAFTA award-winning British television drama series produced by the independent production company Kudos for BBC One

Spy films also enjoyed something of a revival in the late 1990s, although these were often action films with espionage elements, or comedies like Austin Powers. Sir Austin Danger Powers, KBE, is a Fictional character from the Austin Powers series of films

Films

Some of the most popular films include:

Fantasy-oriented films

Some of the popular films with fantasy elements include:

TV Shows

Spy films or television series that include elements of science fiction are sometimes called Spy-fi. Alias is an American " Spy-fi " television series created by J 24 is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American action Drama Television series. Spooks is a BAFTA award-winning British television drama series produced by the independent production company Kudos for BBC One L/R Licensed by Royalty is a fictional Japanese Anime Television series about 'Cloud 7' an organization whose job is to protect the royalty Spy-fi is a Genre of Spy fiction that includes elements of Science fiction.

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