| Sprain Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | T14.3 |
|---|---|
| MeSH | D013180 |
A sprain (from the French espraindre - to wring) is an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden overstretching (for the muscle injury, see strain). The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings S00-T14 - Injury (S00-S09 Head ( Superficial Injury of head ( Superficial injury of Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Injury or bodily injury is Damage or Harm caused to the Structure or function of the Body caused by an outside agent or In Anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures Fibrous tissue that connects Bones to other bones Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the A strain is an Injury to a Muscle in which the Muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching. The ligament is usually only stretched, but if it is completely torn, a longer period of immobilization and surgical repair may be necessary.
Contents |
Degrees
Although some signs and symptoms can be used to assess the severity of a sprain, the most definitive method is with the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). A Sign is an indication of some fact or quality and a medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or quality that is detected by a Physician A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from Sprains are graded in four degrees.
- The first degree is only a minor tear or stretch of a ligament. In Anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures Fibrous tissue that connects Bones to other bones
- The second degree is a tear of a ligament, which is usually followed by pain or swelling.
- The third degree is a complete rupture.
- The fourth degree is the most severe and actually breaks the ligament, along with some small bones if severe enough, and requires surgery to repair.
Signs and symptoms
The typical signs and symptoms associated with a sprain are the cardinal signs of:
- inflammation
- localized pain
- swelling
- loss of function
- loss of normal limb function
- elasticity of ligament decrease
Joints involved
Although any joint can experience a sprain, some of the more common include:
- the ankle. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm In medical parlance, swelling is the enlargement of organs caused by accumulation of excess fluid in tissues, called Edema. In Human anatomy, the ankle Joint is formed where the Foot and the leg meet It is the most common, and has been said that sprains such as serious ankle sprains are more painful and take longer to heal than actually breaking the bones in that area. [1] See sprained ankle for more details. A sprained ankle, also known as an ankle sprain, rolled ankle, ankle injury or ankle ligament injury, is a common medical condition
- the knee. The knee is the lower extremity Joint connecting the Femur, Patella, and the Tibia. Perhaps one of the more talked about sprains is that to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (or ACL) is one of the four major Ligaments of the Knee. This is a disabling sprain common to athletes, especially in basketball, football, and judo. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late See Anterior cruciate ligament injury. An injury to the Anterior cruciate ligament can be a debilitating musculoskeletal injury seen most often in athletes
- the fingers. A finger is a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the Hands of Humans and other Primates Normally humans have five digits
- the wrist. In Human anatomy, the wrist is the flexible and narrower connection between the Forearm and the palm. The wrist is a common sprain area. However, it has been said that it heals quickly.
Prevention
Sprains can best be prevented by proper use of safety equipment (wrist, ankle guards), warm-ups and cool-downs (including stretching), being aware of your surroundings and maintaining strength and flexibility. A warmup is usually performed before participating in (technical Sports or exercising Cooling down is the term used to describe an easy full-body exercise that will allow the body to gradually transition from an exertional state to a resting or near resting state The term can also refer to the stretching of Canvas on a frame. Physical conditioning is the best way to avoid or lessen the degree of sprains.
Treatment
The first modality for a sprain can be remembered using the acronym R.I.C.E.[2]
- Rest: The sprain should be rested. RICE is a treatment method for Soft tissue injury which is an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. No additional force should be applied on site of the sprain. If, for example, the sprain were an ankle sprain, then walking should be kept to a minimum. [3]
- Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to minimize swelling and ease pain. It can be applied for 20-30 minutes at a time, 3-4 times a day. Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and provide support. [3]
- Compression: Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be used to immobilize the sprain and provide support. [3]
- Elevation: Keeping the sprained joint elevated above heart level will also help to minimize swelling. [3]
Ice and compression (cold compression therapy) will not completely stop swelling and pain, but will help to minimize them as the sprain begins to heal itself. Cold Compression Therapy combines two of the principles of RI Careful management of swelling is critical to the healing process as additional fluid may pool in the sprained area.
References
- ^ Holes Human Anatomy & Physiology, Shier, David, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Mc Graw Hill 2007, Eleventh Ed. , p. 157,160
- ^ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 235
- ^ a b c d Sprained Ankle. A mnemonic device (nəˈmɒnɪk is a Memory aid Commonly met mnemonics are often verbal something such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (2005-03). Retrieved on 2008-04-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne
External links
Dictionary
sprain
-noun
- The act or result of spraining; lameness caused by spraining; as, a bad sprain of the wrist.
-verb
- To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or stretch injuriously, but without luxation; as, to sprain one's ankle.
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