Sports medicine specializes in preventing, diagnosing and treating injuries related to participating in sports and/or exercise, specifically the rotation or deformation of joints or muscles caused by engaging in such physical activities. The sports medicine "team" includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, as well as the athlete himself/herself. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental An athletic trainer is a certified health care professional who practices in the field of athletic training Coach (baseball|Coach (basketball|Coach (ice hockeyIn Sports a coach or manager is an individual involved in the direction instruction and training of the operations Because of the competitive nature of sports, a primary focus of sports medicine is the rapid recovery of patients, which drives many innovations in the field.

Sports medicine has always been difficult to define because it is not a single specialty, but an area that involves health care professionals, researchers and educators from a wide variety of disciplines. A health care provider or health professional is an organization or person who delivers proper Health care in a systematic way professionally to any individual in Usually a researcher or scientific researcher is someone who is professionally engaged in Scientific research, technological research or Engineering research This is a list of educators. See also Education, List of education topics. Its function is not only curative and rehabilitative, but especially preventive.

Despite this wide scope, there has been a tendency for many to assume that sport-related problems are by default musculoskeletal and that sports medicine is an orthopaedic specialty. The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system is an organ system that gives Animals the ability to physically move using the Muscles and Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics) is the branch of Surgery concerned with injuries to or conditions involving the There is much more to sports medicine than just musculoskeletal diagnosis and treatment. Illness or injury in sport can be caused by many factors – from environmental to physiological and psychological. See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Consequently, sports medicine can encompass an array of specialties, including cardiology, pulmonology, dermatology, ophthalmology, rehabilitation medicine, orthopaedic surgery, podiatry, dentistry, opthamology,exercise physiology, biomechanics, and traumatology. Cardiology (from Greek grc καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and grc -λογία -logia) is the branch of Internal medicine In Medicine, pulmonology (aka pneumology) is the specialty that deals with Diseases of the Lungs and the Respiratory tract. Dermatology (from Greek grc δέρμα derma, "skin" and grc -λογία -logia) is a branch of Medicine dealing with Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the Eye, Brain Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R or physiatry, is a branch of Medicine dealing with functional restoration of a person affected by physical disability Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics) is the branch of Surgery concerned with injuries to or conditions involving the Podiatry or podiatric medicine is a field of Healthcare devoted to the study and treatment of disorders of the Foot, Ankle, and the "anatomical Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the Eye, Brain Exercise Physiology is a discipline involving the study of how exercise alters the structure and function of the human body Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles on living organisms Traumatology (from Greek "Trauma" meaning injury or wound is the study of Wounds and injuries caused by Accidents or Violence to a For example, heat, cold or altitude during training and competition can alter performance or may even be life threatening. The female triad of disordered eating, menstrual disturbances, and bone density problems, and the problems of pregnant or aging athletes demand knowledge from many diverse fields. Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female In addition, the management of endocrinological diseases and other such problems in the athlete demands both medical expertise and sport-specific knowledge. Endocrinology (from Greek grc ἔνδον endon, "within" grc κρῑνω krīnō, "to separate" and grc -λογία

The use of supplements, pharmacological or otherwise, and the topics of doping control and gender verification present complex moral, legal and health-related difficulties. Gender verification in sports (also sometimes loosely referred to as sex determination) is the issue of verifying the eligibility of an athlete to compete in a sporting A moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Further unique problems are associated with international sporting events, such as the effects of travel and acclimatization, and the attempt to balance an athlete's participation with his or her health. Much of this draws on new fields of study, in which extensive clinical and basic science research is burgeoning.

Sports medicine in the United States

The Sports Medicine specialist, either an Orthopedist or a Primary-care Sports Medicine specialist, is usually the leader of the sports medicine team, which also includes physician and surgeon specialists, physiologists, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, and, of course, the athlete.

Doctors wishing to specialize start with a primary residency program in family practice, internal medicine, emergency medicine, pediatrics, or physical medicine and rehabilitation. Then, they generally obtain one to two years of additional training through accredited fellowship (subspecialty) programs in sports medicine. Physicians who are board certified in one of the preceding displines are then eligible to take a subspecialty qualification examination in sports medicine. Additional forums, which add to the expertise of a Sports Medicine Specialist, include continuing education in sports medicine, and membership and participation in sports medicine societies.

Sports medicine has been a recognized subspecialty of the American Board of Medical Specialties since 1989. Currently there are more than 70 sports medicine fellowships and approximately one thousand certified Sports Medicine Specialists in the United States.

History

The orgins of sports medicine lie in ancient Greece and ancient Rome where physical education was a needed aspect of youth – training and athletic contests first became a part of everyday life during these times. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC However, it was not until in 1928 at the Olympics in St. Moritz, when a committee came together to plan the First International Congress of Sports Medicine, that the term itself was coined. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games St Moritz ( German: Sankt Moritz, Romansh: San Murezzan) is an exclusive resort town in the Engadine valley in Switzerland In the 5th century, however, the care of athletes was primarily the responsibility of specialists. A sportsperson ( British and American English) or athlete (principally American English is any person who participates regularly in a Sport. These were trainer-coaches and were considered to be experts on diet, physical therapy, and hygiene as well as on sport-specific techniques. This article is primarily about the human diet For a discussion of animal diets see List of feeding behaviours. Hygiene refers to practices associated with ensuring good health and cleanliness

The future of sports medicine

According to the director of The Institute for Preventative Medicine in Michigan, prevention is sports medicine's final frontier. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The risk of injury will never be entirely eliminated, but modifications in training techniques, equipment, sports venues and rules, based on outcomes of meaningful research have shown that it can be lowered.

One rapidly advancing field with great potential for applications in prevention is the study of the body's neuromuscular adaptations. A neuromuscular junction ( NMJ) is the Synapse or junction of the Axon terminal of a Motoneuron with the motor end plate, the A study of specific preseason neuromuscular training for soccer players demonstrated a significant decrease in the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The anterior cruciate ligament (or ACL) is one of the four major Ligaments of the Knee. In another investigation by Janda et al. , serious injuries in recreational softball were reduced by 98% when breakaway bases were used. Softball is a team Sport popular especially in the United States.

Participation in all forms of physical activity at all levels is a huge part of everyday life, and its benefits to health and quality of life are clear. Sports medicine's continued growth and development may help the benefits of physical activity to be fully and safely realized.

See also

• Arthroscopy
• Athletic trainer
• Augustus Thorndike
• Exercise
• Nutrition
• Overtraining
• Sports injuries
• Sports nutrition
• Sports training
• National Academy of Sports Medicine
• Board of Certification, Inc.

External links

• American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine Promotes education to professionals and the public, and support for research on podiatric sports medicine and sports science. Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic surgery) is a Minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the An athletic trainer is a certified health care professional who practices in the field of athletic training Augustus Thorndike (1896 - 1986 was the chief of surgery at Harvard University from 1931 to 1962 and a pioneer in Sports medicine. Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support Overtraining occurs when the volume and intensity of an individual's Exercise exceeds their recovery capacity Sports injuries are injuries that are caused by participation in a sporting event. Sports nutrition is applied in most sports training however it is most dominant in strength sports (for example Weight lifting and Bodybuilding) and endurance sports (for Sports training refers to specialized strategies and methods of exercise used in various Sports to develop athletes and prepare them for performing in sporting events Company Overview The National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM is a certification research and fitness education organization that was founded in California, The Board of Certification (BOC Inc was originally established in 1970 to set up a program for certifying Athletic Training Students and created qualifications for recertifying current
• American College of Sports Medicine advances and integrates scientific research to provide educational and practical applications of exercise science and sports medicine.
• American Medical Society for Sports Medicine to foster a collegial relationship among dedicated, competent sports medicine specialists, to provide a quality educational resource for AMSSM members, other sports medicine professionals, and the general public.
• Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine advance the art and science of sport medicine, including health promotion and disease prevention, for the benefit of all Canadians through programs of education, research and service.
• The Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS)/International Federation of Sports Medicine is an international organisation with a common involvement with sports medicine on all continents. FIMS aims primarily to promote the study and development of sports medicine throughout the world, and to assist athletes in achieving optimal performance by maximising their genetic potential, health, nutrition, and high-quality medical care and training.
• National Academy of Sports Medicine Since 1987, the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) has been the recognized global leader in certification, continuing education, solutions and tools for the health, fitness, sports performance and sports medicine professionals. Today, NASM serves more than 100,000 members in 80 countries. In addition to its evidence-based NCCA-accredited fitness certification program, Certified Personal Trainer (CPT), NASM also offers a progressive career track with Advanced Specializations, Continuing Education courses, and accredited Bachelor and Master Degree programs. The NASM educational continuum is designed to help today’s health and fitness professional enhance their career while empowering their clients to live healthier lives.
• National Athletic Trainers' Association
• The Biomechanics Lab - dedicated to spreading knowledge about biomechanics, kinesiology, sports medicine, strength and conditioning and much more!This website provides a medium for connection between indiviudals in the biomechanics field. Started by a Northeastern University student.
• RehabMatters RehabMatters specialises in sports injury and orthopaedic rehabilitation and is dedicated to the prevention and management of sports injuries and musculoskeletal problems. No matter if you've recently had a knee replacement for joint arthritis or if you're an elite athlete coming back from injury - rehabilitation is challenging. The RehabMatters Website can help you through this challenge with practical information to get the best possible outcome from your rehabilitation. The RehabMatters Website is designed to support the relationship between patients and their physicians and therapists and provides a range of evidence based rehabilitation topics and reviews of current opinion.
• Seacoast Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Learn about sports medicine and the various different treatments that are currently available using the latest cutting edge technology.
• California Orthopedic and Sports Therapy Rehabilitation Services Dozens of articles encompassing sports medicine, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.
• slaptear.com slaptear. com is a community driven sports medicine website. The shared experiences of the members build accurate profiles for recovery from a variety of injuries and surgical procedures. Pre op patients can learn all the little details that frequently are not discussed. Post op patients can compare their recovery patterns and determine if they are on the right track.