Spitz-type dogs (the correct German plural is Spitze, though Spitzen is commonly used in the United States) are a type of dog, characterized by long, thick, and often white fur, and pointed ears and muzzles. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on function dog types are not identical to modern ''dog breeds'' but dogs identified primarily by specific White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. The ear is the sense organ that detects Sounds The Vertebrate ear shows a common biology from Fish to Humans with variations A muzzle is a device that is placed over the Snout of an animal to keep it from biting or otherwise opening its mouth The tail is usually curled over the dog's back. The tail is the section at the rear end of an Animal 's Body; in general the term refers to a distinct flexible Appendage to the Torso.
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Origins
The exact origins of Spitz-type dogs are not known, though most of the Spitz-types seen today originate from the Arctic regions. Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on function dog types are not identical to modern ''dog breeds'' but dogs identified primarily by specific The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. The type was described as Canis pomeranus by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revision of Systema naturae in 1788 (printed in English in 1792. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora Johann Friedrich Gmelin ( August 8, 1748 – November 1, 1804) was a German naturalist, Botanist and The book Systema Naturae was one of the major works of the Swedish doctor of medicine Carolus Linnaeus. )[1]
There is no archaeological evidence showing transition stages between the wolf and the often-similar Spitz-type dogs. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora Skeletal remains up to 5,000 years old suggest it is far more likely that the ancestors of Spitz types mated with wolves. In Biology, the skeleton is a strong and often a rigid framework that supports the body of an animal holding it upright and giving it shape and strength (Also skeletal A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun An ancestor is a Parent or ( recursively) the parent of an ancestor (i In Biology, mating is the pairing of opposite- Sex or hermaphroditic Organisms for copulation and in Social animals also to raise their In recent genetic testing of dog breeds, many Spitz-types were found to be in the group closest to wolves, presumed to be the oldest types of dogs. [2]
Humans have intentionally mated Spitz types with wolves in more recent times to achieve or maintain the wolf-like appearance of breeds such as the Alaskan Malamute. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of Domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) originally
Migrations
About three thousand years ago, dogs began to migrate from the Arctic into temperate Europe, North America, Asia, and to a lesser extent, Africa.
Skeletal remains around 2,000 years old unearthed in Switzerland indicate that Spitz-type dogs have inhabited Central Europe for millennia. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum These dogs are almost certainly the ancestors of the European Spitz-types, such as the German Spitz and Schipperke.
Many Spitz-types also migrated into Korea and China. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Over the centuries, many of these dogs were transported by humans to Japan, most likely from Korea. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. These Asian Spitz types are the ancestors of today's breeds such as the Chow Chow and the Akita Inu. Chow Chow, or Chow, is a breed of Dog that was first developed in Mongolia about 4000 years ago and was later introduced The Akita Inu or Japanese Akita Inu (Japanese Akita is a Breed of large Dog originating in Japan, named for Akita Prefecture,
Working dogs
Through selective breeding, Spitz types have evolved to fit three purposes helping humans: hunting, herding, and pulling sleds. This article focuses on selective breeding in domesticated animals eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 For the species known as the African hunting dog Cape hunting dog or painted hunting dog see African Wild Dog A hunting dog refers to any Dog who A herding dog is a type of Pastoral dog that either has been trained in Herding or belongs to a breed developed for herding Sled dogs, known also as sleightman dogs sledge dogs or sleddogs are types of Dogs that are used to pull a wheel-less vehicle
The larger and more powerful breeds such as the Karelian Bear Dog and the Norwegian Elkhound were used for big game hunting, helping humans kill moose and elk. Game is any Animal hunted for Food or not normally domesticated (such as Venison) Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. The moose (North America or elk (Europe Alces alces, is the largest extant Species in the Deer family. The Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest Deer species
Smaller breeds such as the Finnish Spitz and the Lundehund were used in Scandinavia to hunt birds and smaller mammals. The Norwegian Lundehund (Norsk Lundehund is a small breed of Dog of Spitz type originating in Norway. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands
The largest of all the Spitz types, notably the Canadian Eskimo Dog and the Greenland Dog, were used to pull sleds up until the 19th century. The Canadian Eskimo Dog is a larger breed of Arctic Dogs which are often considered to be North America ’s oldest and The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar During that century, when fur trapping became a lucrative business, people began to realize that size did not necessarily relate with endurance, and the smaller Siberian Husky came to be used more frequently in Canada and Alaska. The activity of animal trapping has two separate but related meanings Endurance (also called sufferance) is the ability for humans to exert themselves through aerobic or Anaerobic exercise for relatively long periods of time Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Finnish Lapphund was used by the Sami people. The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway
Adaptation to the Arctic
Spitz types are well suited to living in harsh northern climates. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of They often have an insulating, waterproof undercoat that is denser than the topcoat to trap warmth. The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of Heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer Down hairs, also called the ground hairs, are the very fine fluffy hairs closest to the Skin on some Mammals The hairs are short and crimped
Small ears help reduce the risk of frostbite, and thick fur that grows on the paws protects the dogs from sharp ice. Frostbite ( congelatio in Medical terminology) is the Medical condition whereby damage is caused to Skin and other tissues paw is the soft Foot of a Mammal, generally a Quadruped, that has Claws or nails Ice is a Solid phase, usually crystalline, of a Non-metalic substance that is liquid or gas at Room temperature, such as Ammonia
However, many Spitz-type breeds retain wolf-like characteristics such as excessive independence, suspiciousness, and aggression towards unfamiliar humans or other animals, and can therefore require much training before they become manageable. The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge skills and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge Some, such as the Karelian Bear Dog, are almost impossible to train as companion dogs. Companion dog usually describes a dog that does not work, providing only companionship as a Pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks
Companions and toys
The charming look of the Spitz-type, with its thick fur, fluffy ruff, curled tail and small muzzle and ears, have caused several people to create non-working types designed to be companions or lap dogs. Companion dog usually describes a dog that does not work, providing only companionship as a Pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks A lap dog (lapdog is a Dog that is small enough to be held in the arms or lie comfortably on a person's lap This trend is most evident in the tiny Pomeranian, which was originally a much larger dog closer to the size of a Keeshond before being bred down to make an acceptable court animal. The Keeshond, the Wolfspitz variation of the German Spitz, widely known as the national dog of the Netherlands, is an affectionate and loyal, albeit very energetic, pet. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
Other Spitz types which have been bred away from working uses are the American Eskimo Dog, the Alaskan Klee Kai, the German Spitz, the Pomeranian, and even the Papillon. The American Eskimo Dog is a breed of Companion dog and semi- Sled dog originating in the USA. The Alaskan Klee Kai is a northern breed of dog of Spitz type
List of Spitz-type dog breeds
This list might not be complete and is, at best, an educated guess from experts and dog fanciers based on the physical characteristics of the breeds. Some, such as the Papillon, exhibit the tail, coat, and head of a Spitz dog, but its ears more closely resemble spaniels although being upright like the Spitz. A Spaniel is a type of Gun dog. Spaniels are generally small Dogs with long coats and drop ears In the future, genetic studies might better clarify the relationship among various breeds. Note that dogs listed here might also be classified as toy dogs, herding dogs, sled dogs, and in other types. Toy dog traditionally refers to a very small Dog or a grouping of small and very small breeds of dog A herding dog is a type of Pastoral dog that either has been trained in Herding or belongs to a breed developed for herding Sled dogs, known also as sleightman dogs sledge dogs or sleddogs are types of Dogs that are used to pull a wheel-less vehicle
References
- ^ Linnaeus, C. The Akita Inu or Japanese Akita Inu (Japanese Akita is a Breed of large Dog originating in Japan, named for Akita Prefecture, The Alaskan Husky is not so much a breed of Dog as it is a type or a category The Alaskan Klee Kai is a northern breed of dog of Spitz type The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of Domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) originally The American Akita often called simply Akita is a Dog breed from Japan. The American Eskimo Dog is a breed of Companion dog and semi- Sled dog originating in the USA. The Basenji is a breed of hunting Dog that originated in central Africa. The Canaan Dog is the national dog breed of Israel. It may have existed in the Middle East for millennia The Canadian Eskimo Dog is a larger breed of Arctic Dogs which are often considered to be North America ’s oldest and Chow Chow, or Chow, is a breed of Dog that was first developed in Mongolia about 4000 years ago and was later introduced The East Siberian Laika (Vostotchno-Sibirskaia Laika is a Russian breed of Dog of Spitz type a hunting dog originating The Guejae Gae (also called the Gaulchae Gae is a type of dog similar to the Korean Jindo Dog. The is a breed of Dog. Other names for the breed include Ainu-ken, Seta, and Shita The Kintamani is a Dog breed native to the Indonesian island of Bali. The Kishu, sometimes called Kishu Ken or Kishu Inu, is a Japanese breed of Dog, The Labrador Husky is a Spitz type of dog that was bred for work The term Mackenzie River Husky describes several overlapping local populations of Arctic and Subarctic Sleddogs none of which constitutes The Norbottenspets is a breed of dog of the Spitz type. It is an ancient breed whose original The Northern Inuit Dog The Norwegian Lundehund (Norsk Lundehund is a small breed of Dog of Spitz type originating in Norway. The Pungsan or Poongsan is a breed of dog from North Korea. Pungsan, a district in the mountains of northern North The Salish Wool Dog is an extinct breed of white long-haired Spitz -type dog that was developed and bred by the native peoples of what is now Washington State and The is the smallest of the six original and distinct breeds of Dog from Japan. The Swedish Lapphund is a breed of Dog of the Spitz type from Sweden, one of three Lapphund breeds The West Siberian Laika - WSL- is a hunting breed developed by the indigenous people of Northern Ural and West Siberia (translated and revised by R. Kerr). 1792. The Animal Kingdom; or, zoological system of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia and Class II. Birds. Being a translation of that part of the Systema Naturae, as lately published with great improvements by Professor Gmelin, together with numerous additions from more recent zoological writers and illustrated with copperplates. J. Murray, London, 644 pp.
- ^ Ostrander, Elaine A. (September-October 2007). Genetics and the Shape of Dogs; Studying the new sequence of the canine genome shows how tiny genetic changes can create enormous variation within a single species. American Scientist (online) page 2, chart page 4. www. americanscientist. org. Retrieved on 05/06, 2008.
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