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For the film adaptation of the comic, see The Spirit (film). The Spirit (also known as Will Eisner's The Spirit) is an upcoming 2008 American Film adaptation based on the
For the religious or spiritual meaning of "The Spirit", see Spirit. The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath
The Spirit

Cover detail, The Spirit #6 (Feb. 1975), Warren Publishing. Warren Publishing was an American Magazine company founded by James Warren, who published his first magazines in 1957 and continued in the business for Art by Will Eisner and Ken Kelley
Publication information
Publisher Eisner-Iger Studio; DC Comics
First appearance Spirit newspaper strip #1 (Register and Tribune Syndicate, June 2nd 1940)
Created by Will Eisner
In story information
Alter ego Denny Colt
Team affiliations Central City's Police
Abilities athleticism, hand-to-hand combat, either no or extremely slow aging

The Spirit is a fictional American masked crime-fighter, created by writer-artist Will Eisner in 1940, who starred in a Sunday-newspaper comic-book insert. William Erwin Eisner ( March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an acclaimed American Comics Writer, Artist and DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company In Comic books and other stories with a long history first appearance refers to the first occurrence to feature a Fictional character. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. William Erwin Eisner ( March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an acclaimed American Comics Writer, Artist and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the William Erwin Eisner ( March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an acclaimed American Comics Writer, Artist and A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative His namesake, seven-page weekly series is considered one of the comic-art medium's most significant works, with Eisner creating or popularizing many of the styles, techniques, and storytelling conventions used by comics professionals decades later. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press"

The Spirit chronicled the adventures of a masked vigilante who fought crime with the blessing of the city's police commissioner, an old friend. Despite the Spirit's origin as a detective named Denny Colt, his real identity was virtually unmentioned again and for all intents and purposes he was simply "The Spirit". The stories ranged through a wide variety of styles, from straightforward crime drama and film noir to lighthearted adventure, from mystery and horror to comedy and love stories, often with hybrid elements that twisted genre and expectations. The police procedural is a sub-genre of the mystery story which attempts to convincingly depict the activities of a Police force as they investigate Crimes Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Romance comics are a Genre of US Comic books that were most popular during the Golden Age of Comics.

The feature was the lead item of a 16-page, tabloid-sized, newsprint comic book sold as part of eventually 20 Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of as many as five million copies. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest "The Spirit Section", as it was colloquially called, premiered June 2, 1940, and continued until October 5, 1952. [1] It generally included two other, four-page strips (initially Mr. Mystic and Lady Luck), plus filler material. Mr Mystic is comics series featuring a magician crime-fighter created by Will Eisner and initially drawn by Bob Powell. Lady Luck is a fictional, American Comic-strip crime fighter and adventuress created and designed in 1940 by Will Eisner (who wrote the first Eisner worked as editor, but also wrote and drew most entries — generally, after the first few months, with such uncredited "ghost" collaborators as writer Jules Feiffer and artists Jack Cole and Wally Wood, though with Eisner's singular vision for the character as a unifying factor. Jules Ralph Feiffer (born) is an American syndicated comic-strip Cartoonist and Author. Jack Ralph Cole ( December 14, 1914 - August 13, 1958) was an American Comic book Artist Wallace Allan Wood ( June 17, 1927, Menahga Minnesota – November 2, 1981, Los Angeles California) was an American

Contents

Publication history

In late 1939, Everett M. "Busy" Arnold, publisher of the Quality Comics comic-book line, began exploring an expansion into newspaper Sunday supplements, aware that many newspapers felt they had to compete with the suddenly burgeoning new medium of American comic books. Everett M Arnold ( May 20 1899, Providence Rhode Island &ndash December 1974 also known as Busy Arnold, was an early Comic books Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Quality Comics was an American comic book Publishing company that operated from 1939 to 1956 and was an influential creative force in what historians and fans call An American comic book is a small Magazine originating in the United States and containing a Narrative in the Comics form Arnold compiled a presentation piece with existing Quality Comics material. An editor of The Washington Star liked George Brenner's The Clock, but not Brenner's art, and was favorably disposed toward a Lou Fine strip. The Washington Star, previously known as the Washington Star-News and the Washington Evening Star, was George Brenner was an American cartoonist in the mid 1900's He created comics such as The Clock, Bozo the Iron Man, and The Clock is a fictional masked crime-fighter published during the Golden Age of Comic Books. Louis Kenneth Fine ( November 26, 1914 - July 24, 1971) was an American Comic book Artist known for his work Arnold, concerned over the meticulous Fine's slowness and his ability to meet deadlines, claimed it was the work of Eisner, Fine's boss at the Eisner & Iger studio, from which Arnold bought his outsourced comics work. Eisner & Iger was a prominent Comic book " packager " that produced comics on demand for Publishers entering the new medium during its late-1930s

In "late '39, just before Christmas time," Eisner recalled in 1979,[2] Arnold "came to me and said that the Sunday newspapers were looking for a way of getting into this comic book boom". In a 2004 interview, he elaborated on that meeting:

“ 'Busy' invited me up for lunch one day and introduced me to [sales manager of the Des Moines Register and Tribune Syndicate] Henry Martin, who said, 'The newspapers in this country, particularly the Sunday papers, are looking to compete with comics books, and they would like to get a comic-book insert into the newspapers'. . . . Martin asked if I could do it. . . . It meant that I'd have to leave Eisner & Iger [which] was making money; we were very profitable at that time and things were going very well. A hard decision. Anyway, I agreed to do the Sunday comic book and we started discussing the deal [which] was that we'd be partners in the 'Comic Book Section', as they called it at that time. [3] ”

The new series "gave me an adult audience," Eisner said in 1997, "and I wanted to write better things than super-heroes. Comic books were a ghetto. I sold my part of the enterprise to my associate and then began The Spirit. They wanted an heroic character, a costumed character. They asked me if he'd have a costume. And I put a mask on him and said, 'Yes, he has a costume!'" [4]

A classic Eisner cover for The Spirit, Oct. 6, 1946. Note the innovative use of title design, the mix of color and black-and-white, and the shadowing and texturing that combine for exotic noir effect. Other Spirit stories could be whimsical, gritty, folklorish, sentimental, horrific, or mystical, yet always humanistic.
A classic Eisner cover for The Spirit, Oct. 6, 1946. Note the innovative use of title design, the mix of color and black-and-white, and the shadowing and texturing that combine for exotic noir effect. Other Spirit stories could be whimsical, gritty, folklorish, sentimental, horrific, or mystical, yet always humanistic.

During World War II, Eisner served in the U.S. Army. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. In his absence, the newspaper syndicate used ghost writers and artists to continue the strip, including Manly Wade Wellman, William Woolfolk, and Lou Fine. Manly Wade Wellman ( May 21, 1903 - April 5, 1986) was an American writer Louis Kenneth Fine ( November 26, 1914 - July 24, 1971) was an American Comic book Artist known for his work

Fictional character history

The Spirit, referred to in one newspaper article cited below as "the only real middle-class crimefighter", was the hero persona of young detective Denny Colt. Presumed killed in the first three pages of the premiere story, Colt later revealed to his friend, Central City Police Commissioner Dolan, that he had in fact gone into suspended animation caused by one of archvillain Dr. Cobra's experiments. When Colt awakened in Wildwood Cemetery, he established a base there and, using his newfound anonymity, began a life of fighting crime wearing only a small domino mask, blue business suit, fedora hat and gloves for a costume. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment A domino mask is a small rounded Mask covering only the eyes and the space between them The man's suit of clothes is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth A fedora is a soft Felt Hat that is creased lengthwise down the crown and Pinched in the front on both sides A glove ( Middle English from Old English glof) is a type of Garment (and more specifically a Fashion The Spirit dispensed justice, funding his adventures with the rewards for capturing villains. JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom.

The Spirit was based originally in New York City which soon changed to Central City, but his adventures took him around the globe. For other uses of Central City see Central City (disambiguation. He met up with eccentrics, kooks, and beautiful but deadly femme fatales (most notably P'Gell), bringing his own form of justice to all of them. A femme fatale (plural femmes fatales) is an alluring and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire often leading them into P'Gell is a Fictional Comic book Character created by Will Eisner, who first appeared in Eisner's series The Spirit The story changed continually, but certain themes remained constant: the love between the Spirit and Dolan's feisty protofeminist daughter Ellen; the annual "Christmas Spirit" stories; and the Octopus (a psychopathic criminal mastermind who was never seen, except for his distinctive gloves). Protofeminist is a term used to define women in a philosophical tradition that anticipated modern feminist concepts yet lived in a time when the term "feminist" was unknown The Octopus is a Fictional Comic book Supervillian from the comic book The Spirit, created by writer-artist Will Eisner

Ebony White in perspective

Eisner is sometimes criticized for his depiction of Ebony White, the Spirit's African American sidekick. Ebony White is a Fictional character from the 1940 Comics series The Spirit, created by Will Eisner. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa SideKick was an early Personal Information Manager (PIM Software application by Borland launched in 1983 under Philippe Kahn He later admitted to consciously stereotyping the character, but said he tried to do so with "responsibility", and argued that "at the time humor consisted in our society of bad English and physical difference in identity. "[5] The character developed beyond the stereotype as the series progressed, and Eisner also introduced black characters (such as the plain-speaking Detective Grey) who defied popular stereotypes.

In a 1966, New York Herald Tribune feature by his former office manager-turned-journalist, Marilyn Mercer wrote, "Ebony never drew criticism from Negro groups (in fact, Eisner was commended by some for using him), perhaps because, although his speech pattern was early Minstrel Show, he himself derived from another literary tradition: he was a combination of Tom Sawyer and Penrod, with a touch of Horatio Alger hero, and color didn't really come into it". The New York Herald Tribune was a daily newspaper created in 1924 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits variety acts dancing, and Music, Tom Sawyer (fictional character 'born' circa 1833 is the protagonist and title character of the Mark Twain novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876 Penrod is a collection of comic sketches by Pulitzer Prize -winning author Booth Tarkington that was first published in 1914. Horatio Alger Jr ( January 13, 1832 &ndash July 18, 1899) was a 19th-century American Author who wrote approximately [6]

Enemies

The Spirit and John Law

Several famous Spirit stories were actually retooled from a failed publishing venture featuring an eyepatched, pipe smoking detective named John Law. John Law is a Fictional character created by writer-artist Will Eisner in 1948 Law and his shoeshine boy sidekick, Nubbin, featured in several adventures planned for a new comic series. These completed adventures were eventually adapted into Spirit stories, with John Law's eyepatch being changed to The Spirit's mask and Nubbin being redrawn to be Willum Waif (or other Spirit support characters).

The original John Law stories have been restored and published in Will Eisner's John Law: Dead Man Walking (2004, IDW), a collection of stories that also features new adventures by writer/artist Gary Chaloner starring John Law, Nubbin, and many other Eisner creations including Lady Luck and Mr. Mystic. Lady Luck is a fictional, American Comic-strip crime fighter and adventuress created and designed in 1940 by Will Eisner (who wrote the first Mr Mystic is comics series featuring a magician crime-fighter created by Will Eisner and initially drawn by Bob Powell.

Assistants and collaborators

Like most artists working in newspaper comic strips, Eisner after a time employed a studio of assistants who, on any given week's story, might draw or simply ink backgrounds, ink parts of Eisner's main characters (such as clothing or shoes), or as eventually occurred, ghost-draw the strip entirely. Eisner also eventually used ghostwriters, generally in collaboration with him.

His studio included:[7]

Latter-day Spirit comics

Harvey Comics' The Spirit #1 (Oct. 1966). Cover art by Will Eisner
Harvey Comics' The Spirit #1 (Oct. Jack Keller may refer to Jack Keller (comics, a Marvel Comics artist Jack Keller (poker player Jack Keller (songwriter Jules Ralph Feiffer (born) is an American syndicated comic-strip Cartoonist and Author. André LeBlanc is a Fictional character, the name of a DC Comics jewelry thief Alex Kotzky was a cartoonist who for many years drew the comic strip Apartment 3-G. Joe Kubert (born September 18, 1926) is a Jewish - American Comic book Artist who went on to found the Joe Kubert School Jerry Grandenetti ( April 15, 1925 or 1927 differ Bronxville, New York) is an American Comic book artist and Advertising James Dixon, Jim Dixon or Jimmy Dixon may refer to James Dixon (1814-1873 U Don David Perlin ( D David or Don) is a Comic book Artist born August 27, 1929 in New York City. Ben Oda ( 21 December 1915 –November 1984 was a Japanese American comic strip Letterer. Louis Kenneth Fine ( November 26, 1914 - July 24, 1971) was an American Comic book Artist known for his work Wallace Allan Wood ( June 17, 1927, Menahga Minnesota – November 2, 1981, Los Angeles California) was an American Manly Wade Wellman ( May 21, 1903 - April 5, 1986) was an American writer Klaus Nordling ( May 29 1910 - November 1986 was a Finnish American writer-artist for American comic books. 1966). Cover art by Will Eisner

1960s

A five-page Spirit story, set in New York City, appeared as part of a January 9, 1966 article about the Spirit in the New York Herald Tribune. The New York Herald Tribune was a daily newspaper created in 1924 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. [6]

Harvey Comics reprinted several Spirit stories in two giant-size, 25-cent comic books published October 1966 and March 1967, each with new Eisner covers. Harvey Comics (also known as Harvey Publications) was an American Comic book Publisher, founded by Alfred Harvey in 1941 after buying

The first of these two 60-page issues opened with a new seven-page retelling of the Spirit's origin by writer-penciler-inker Eisner (with inking assist by Chuck Kramer). Also new was the text feature "An Interview With the Spirit", credited to Marilyn Mercer; and writer-artist Eisner's two-page featurette "Spirit Lab: Invincible Devices". Seven 1948-1949 Spirit stories were reprinted. The second opened with a new seven-page story by writer-artist Eisner, "Octopus: The Life Story of the King of Crime," giving the heretofore unrevealed origin of the Spirit's archnemesis The Octopus, as well as his given name (Zitzbath Zark). Also new was the two-page text feature "The Spirit Answers Your Mail", and writer-artist Eisner's two-page featurette "The Spirit Lab: The Man From MSD". Reprinted were seven 1948-1950 Spirit stories.

1970s

Warren Publishing and later Denis Kitchen's Kitchen Sink Press published extensive reprints, first as large black-and-white magazines (the Warren part of the run eventually having a color section), then as trade paperbacks. Warren Publishing was an American Magazine company founded by James Warren, who published his first magazines in 1957 and continued in the business for Kitchen Sink Press was a Comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1969. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally In Comics, a trade paperback ( TPB or simply trade) refers to a collection of stories originally published in comic books, reprinted in book format The magazines often featured new Eisner covers.

Two new stories were written during this period "The Capistrano Jewels", a 4-page story published in the second issue of the Kitchen Sink reprints in 1972; and "The Invader", a 5-page story (reprinted in The Will Eisner Color treasury).

In 1976, an oddity called "The Spirit Casebook of True Haunted Houses and Ghosts" was published. The Spirit plays the EC host, introducing "true" stories of haunted houses. The Spirit makes a cameo in Vampirella #50.

Issue 30 of the Kitchen Sink reprints features The Spirit Jam, with a script from Eisner, and few penciled pages with the contributions of 50 artists (Kitchen Sink reprinted this story with a 4-page Cerebus/Spirit jam by Eisner and Sim).

1980s

Kitchen Sink Press did a complete reprinting of the post-WWII Eisner work in a color comic series, and started another series intended to reprint the stories from the beginning but lasted only 10 issues. Kitchen Sink Press was a Comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1969.

1990s and beyond

Kitchen Sink also published a series of original Spirit stories in 1996-97, with contributions from Alan Moore, Dave Gibbons, Paul Chadwick, Neil Gaiman, Joe R. Lansdale, and Paul Pope, among others. Alan Moore (born November 18 1953 in Northampton) is an English Writer most famous for his influential work in Comics, including the acclaimed Dave Gibbons (born April 14, 1949) is a British Comic book Artist, writer and sometime letterer Paul Chadwick (born 1957 is an American Comic book creator. He provided art for the Dazzler comic book published by Marvel Comics, before Neil Richard Gaiman (ˈgeɪmən (born November 10, 1960) is an English author of Science fiction and Fantasy short stories and Joe R Lansdale (born October 28, 1951, Gladewater, Texas) is an American author and martial-arts Paul Pope (born September 25 1970) is an American alternative comic book artist.

In the mid-2000s, DC Comics began reprinting The Spirit chronologically in the company's hardcover Archive series, in an approximately 8x10-inch format, smaller than the Kitchen Sink and Warren publications. DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company

The final Spirit art by the late Eisner appeared in issue 6 of The Amazing Adventures of the Escapist, from Dark Horse Comics. Dark Horse Comics is one of the largest independent American Comic book publishers behind dominant publishers Marvel Comics and DC Comics

DC Comics

Promotional art by Darwyn Cooke for DC Comics' The Spirit
Promotional art by Darwyn Cooke for DC Comics' The Spirit

The DC Comics one-shot Batman/The Spirit (Jan. Darwyn Cooke (b 1962 Toronto, Canada) is an Eisner Award -winning Comic book Writer, Artist, Cartoonist DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company In the American Comic book industry the term one-shot is used to denote a pilot comic or a stand-alone story created to last as one issue 2007), by writer Jeph Loeb and artists Darwyn Cooke and J. Joseph "Jeph" Loeb III is an Emmy and WGA nominated American Film and Television Writer, producer and award-winning Darwyn Cooke (b 1962 Toronto, Canada) is an Eisner Award -winning Comic book Writer, Artist, Cartoonist Bone brought the Spirit into the DC Universe. The DC Universe ( DCU) is the fictional Shared universe where most of the comic stories published by DC Comics take place The first issue of the ongoing series The Spirit, written and pencilled by Cooke and inked by J. Bone, debuted the following month.

The series remains similar in tone to Eisner's original while updating some concepts for a 21st-century audience. The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Ellen's familiarity with the Internet helps solve a case, for instance, and Ebony White, stripped of his minstrel characteristics, is a resourceful, streetwise kid. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Ebony White is a Fictional character from the 1940 Comics series The Spirit, created by Will Eisner. Most stories each run a single, 22-page issue.

The team of Mark Evanier and Sergio Aragones became the series' regular writers beginning with issue #14 (March 2008), with Mike Ploog and later Paul Smith providing the artwork. Mark Stephen Evanier (born March 2 1952) is an American Comic book and Television Writer, particularly known for his Sergio Aragonés Domenech (born September 6, 1937, San Mateo, Castellón, Spain) is a Cartoonist and writer best known Michael G Ploog (born 1942, Minnesota, United States) is an American Storyboard and Comic book Artist, and a visual Paul Smith (born September 4, 1953) is an American Comic book Artist.

Legacy and influence

In other media

Reprints of the Spirits adventures ran in Quality Comics and Fiction House publications shortly after their newspaper debuts. Quality Comics was an American comic book Publishing company that operated from 1939 to 1956 and was an influential creative force in what historians and fans call Fiction House is an American Publisher of Pulp magazines and Comic books that existed from the 1920s to the 1950s

The character was the subject of a 1987 television movie starring Sam Jones as The Spirit, Nana Visitor as Ellen Dolan and Garry Walberg as Commissioner Dolan. Sam J Jones (born Samuel Gerald Jones on August 12, 1954 in Chicago) is an American actor often credited as Sam Jones Nana Visitor (born July 26, 1957) is an American actress, best known for playing Colonel (previously Major Kira Nerys in the

The Spirit was briefly mentioned in the animated film The Iron Giant when Hogarth shows the Giant a few of his comic books:

Film

Main article: The Spirit (film)

On July 19, 2006, The Hollywood Reporter reported that comic book writer/artist Frank Miller would write and direct the feature film The Spirit[8], previously announced as a project in 2004. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames The Iron Giant is a 1999 Animated Science fiction film produced by Warner Bros The Spirit (also known as Will Eisner's The Spirit) is an upcoming 2008 American Film adaptation based on the The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative Frank Miller (born January 27, 1957) is an American Writer, Artist and Film director best known for his dark The Spirit (also known as Will Eisner's The Spirit) is an upcoming 2008 American Film adaptation based on the [9][10] The trade magazine reported the production company would be Odd Lot Entertainment, with executive producers including Batfilm Productions' Michael Uslan, Benjamin Melniker, and Steven Maier, and producers to include Odd Lot's Linda McDonough and Batfilm's F. Michael E Uslan is the originator of the Batman movies and was the first professor to teach "Comic Book Folklore" J. DeSanto. Miller later confirmed this. [11] The film, starring Gabriel Macht as the Spirit and Samuel L. Jackson as his enemy the Octopus, is scheduled for release by Lionsgate on December 25, 2008. Gabriel S Macht (born January 22 1972) is an American actor Biography Personal life Macht was born in The Bronx Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21 1948 is an American Academy Award -nominated and BAFTA -winning actor Lionsgate redirects here For other meanings see Lions' Gate (disambiguation‎. [12]

Radio

Denis Kitchen, the Eisner estate's agent, said in a July 8, 2006 online interview that a Spirit radio series was in development: "It was pitched to the estate by a couple of producers, one of whom is very experienced with NPR, so we have been back and forth on how that would work. Denis Kitchen (born 27 August 1946) is an American underground Cartoonist, publisher author agent and founder of the Radio programming is the content that is broadcast by Radio stations The original inventors of radio such as Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Again, it would be premature to tell you it is going to happen, but it is in serious discussion. "[13]

Bibliography

Books

Footnotes

  1. ^ Wildwood Cemetery. Quality Comics was an American comic book Publishing company that operated from 1939 to 1956 and was an influential creative force in what historians and fans call Founded by Thomas Volney Boardman in the 1930s TV Boardman Ltd. Denis McLoughlin ( April 15, 1918 &ndash April 22, 2002) was a well-known British illustrator Fiction House is an American Publisher of Pulp magazines and Comic books that existed from the 1920s to the 1950s IW Publications was a short lived Comic book publisher in the late 1950s and early 1960s Harvey Comics (also known as Harvey Publications) was an American Comic book Publisher, founded by Alfred Harvey in 1941 after buying Kitchen Sink Press was a Comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1969. Ken Pierce is an American performer teacher and historian of Renaissance and Baroque dance Warren Publishing was an American Magazine company founded by James Warren, who published his first magazines in 1957 and continued in the business for DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company The Spirit Database.
  2. ^ Panels #1 (Summer 1979), "Art & Commerce: An Oral Reminiscence by Will Eisner", pp. 5-21, quoted in "Rare Eisner: Making of a Genius" (see under References, below)
  3. ^ Eisner interview, Alter Ego #48 (May 2005), p. 10
  4. ^ Eisner interview, The Jack Kirby Collector #16 (June 1997)
  5. ^ Time. com (Sept. 19, 2003): Will Eisner interview
  6. ^ a b Mercer, Marilyn, "The Only Real Middle-Class Crimefighter", New York (Sunday supplement, New York Herald Tribune), Jan. The New York Herald Tribune was a daily newspaper created in 1924 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. 9, 1966; reprinted Alter Ego #48 (see References)
  7. ^ Credits based primarily but not exclusively on The Comic Strip Project: Credits, with other sources including Wildwood Cemetery: The Spirit Database: "Will Eisner" and The Grand Comics Database
  8. ^ The Hollywood Reporter via Reuters (July 19, 2006): " 'Spirit' Comic Comes to Life on Big Screen"
  9. ^ Variety (July 22, 2004): "Odd Lot, Batfilm join forces for 'Spirit'", by Michael Fleming
  10. ^ Cinescape (Aug. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson 23, 2004): "Hollywood gets into 'The Spirit': Classic comic book character slated for a film", by Patrick Sauriol
  11. ^ Miller, March 4, 2007 interview on TV series Icons (G4 network)
  12. ^ The Spirit official website
  13. ^ [http://www.aspiritedlife.com/blog/2006/07/denis-kitchen-interview.html: Will Eisner: A Spirited Life Interview Series: "Denis Kitchen Interview"

References

External links

James Steranko (born 5 November, 1938, Reading Pennsylvania, United States) is an American Graphic artist, Comic
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