The English word "spirit" comes from the Latin "spiritus" (breath). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Metaphysical and metaphorical uses 3 Related concepts in other languages 4 See also

Etymology

The English word "spirit" comes from the Latin spiritus, meaning "breath" (compare spiritus asper), but also "soul, courage, vigor", ultimately from a PIE root *(s)peis- (to blow). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Breathing takes Oxygen in and Carbon dioxide out of the body Aerobic Organisms require oxygen to create energy via respiration, in The spiritus asper ( Latin for "rough breathing" δασὺ πνεῦμα dasỳ pneûma or daseîa) is a diacritical mark used in In the Vulgate, the Latin word translates Greek (πνευμα), pneuma (Hebrew (רוח) ruah), as opposed to anima, translating psykhē. The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by Pneumatology is the study of spiritual beings and phenomena especially the interactions between humans and God. In Psychoanalysis, the psyche (ˈsaɪki refers to the forces in an individual that influence thought, Behavior and Personality. The word was loaned into Middle English via Old French The distinction between soul and spirit became current in Judeo-Christian terminology (e. Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living g. Greek. psykhe vs. pneuma, Latin anima vs. spiritus, Hebrew ruach vs. neshama or nephesh; in Hebrew neshama from the root NSHM or breath. Nephesh (נפש is the Hebrew word commonly translated as Soul in English )

Metaphysical and metaphorical uses

The word is used in two related contexts, one metaphysical and the other metaphorical. Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects

Its metaphysical context has attained a number of meanings:

1. An incorporeal but ubiquitous, non-quantifiable substance or energy present individually in all living things. The term energy has been widely adopted into the fields of spirituality complementary medicine etc Unlike the concept of souls, which are by definition eternal and usually believed to preexist the body, a spirit develops and grows as an integral aspect of the living being. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living This concept of the individual spirit is common among traditional peoples. It is therefore important to note the distinction between this concept of spirit and that of the pre-existing or eternal soul because belief in souls is specific and far less common, particularly in traditional societies. This is more properly termed life ("bios" in Greek) ether than spirit ("pneuma" in Greek. Ether is a class of Organic compounds which contain an ether group — an Oxygen Atom connected to two (substituted Alkyl )
2. A daemon sprite, or especially ghost. The words daemon, dæmon, are Latinized spellings of the Greek δαίμων ( daimôn) used purposely today to distinguish the daemons The term sprite is a broad term referring to a number of Preternatural Legendary creatures The term is generally used in reference to Elf -like creatures A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented A ghost is usually conceived as a wandering spirit from a being no longer living, having survived the death of the body yet maintaining the mind and consciousness. A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the
3. In religion and spirituality, the respiration of the human being has for obvious reasons been strongly linked with the very occurrence of life. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality In Animal physiology, respiration is the transport of Oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues and the transport of Carbon dioxide A similar significance has been attributed to human blood. Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells ��such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Spirit in this sense denotes that which separates a living body from a corpse and usually implies intelligence, consciousness and sentience. Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the Sentience is the ability to feel or perceive subjectively. It is an important concept in the philosophy of Animal rights, in buddhist philosophy and in
4. Spirits are often visualized as being interconnected to all others and The Spirit (singular capitalized) refers to the theories of a unified spirituality, universal consciousness and some concepts of Deity. Capitalization (or capitalisation &mdash see spelling differences) is writing a word with its first letter as a Majuscule (upper case letter Collective Unconscious or known to laymen as Collective Subconscious is a term of Analytical psychology, Coined by Carl Jung. See also List of deities A deity is a Postulated Preternatural or Supernatural Being, who is always All "spirits" connected, form a greater unity, the Spirit, which has both an identity separate from its elements plus a consciousness and intellect greater than its elements; an ultimate, unified, non-dual awareness or force of life combining or transcending all individual units of consciousness. Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities In Physics, a force is whatever can cause an object with Mass to Accelerate. Life is a state that distinguishes Organisms from non-living objects such as non-life and dead organisms being manifested by growth through Metabolism The experience of such a connection can be a primary basis for spiritual belief. Experience as a general concept comprises Knowledge of or skill in or Observation of some thing or some event gained through involvement in or The term supernatural or supranatural ( Latin: super, supra "above" + natura "nature" pertains to entities events Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a Proposition or Premise to be true The term spirit has been used in this sense by at least Anthroposophy, Aurobindo, A Course In Miracles, Hegel, and Ken Wilber. Anthroposophy is a spiritual philosophy based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner (25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925 which postulates the existence of an objective intellectually Sri Aurobindo (শ্রী অরবিন্দ Sri Ôrobindo) ( August 15, 1872 – December 5, 1950) was an Indian A Course in Miracles (also referred to as ACIM or the Course) written by Dr Kenneth Earl "Ken" Wilber Jr (b January 31, 1949, Oklahoma City, U In this use, the term is conceptually identical to Plotinus's "One" and Friedrich Schelling's "Absolute. Plotinus ( Greek:) (ca AD 204–270 was a major philosopher of the ancient world who is widely considered the founder of Neoplatonism (along with his Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling ( January 27, 1775 – August 20, 1854) later von Schelling, was a German Philosopher " Similarly, according to the pan(en)theistic aspect, Spirit is the essence that can manifest itself as mind/soul through any level in pantheistic hierarchy/holarchy, such as a mind/soul of a single cell (with very primitive, elemental consciousness), or a human or animal mind/soul (with consciousness on a level of organic synergy of an individual human/animal), or a (superior) mind/soul with synergetically extremely complex/sophisticated consciousness of whole galaxies involving all sub-levels, all emanating (since it is non-dimensional, or trans-dimensional) from the one Spirit. MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler, is a Hierarchy of holons &mdash where a holon is both a part and a whole Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the
5. In Christian theology, the Spirit is also used to describe God, or aspects thereof as in Holy Spirit, referring to a Triune God (Trinity): "The result of God reaching to man by the Father as the source, the Son as the course ("the Way"), and through the Spirit as the transmission. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных The father is defined as the Male Parent of an offspring The Adjective "paternal" refers to father parallel to "maternal" for Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) "
6. Also in (popular) theological terms, the individual human "spirit" (singular lowercase) is a deeply situated aspect of the soul subject to "spiritual" growth and change; the very seat of emotion and desire, and the transmitting organ by which human beings can contact God. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. In a rare theological definition it is higher consciousness enclosing the soul. It is a central concept of Pneumatology (in context of the latter definition note that this science studies "pneuma;" Greek for "spirit," not "psyche;" Greek for "soul" studied in psychology. Pneumatology is the study of spiritual beings and phenomena especially the interactions between humans and God. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and
7. In Christian Science, Spirit is one of the seven synonyms for God. Christian Science is believed by its supporters to be a system of spiritually scientific truths which are summed up in the two commandments having one God one Mind one Life Truth God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. These are: "Principle; Mind; Soul; Spirit; Life; Truth; Love" (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures by Mary Baker Eddy, p. Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures written by Mary Baker Eddy was inspired by studies of the Bible she undertook in 1867 following a healing Mary Baker Eddy (born Mary Morse Baker July 16, 1821 &ndash December 3, 1910) was the founder of the Christian Science 587).
8. In Harmonism, spirit is a term reserved for those which collectively control and influence an individual from the realm of the mind. The Harmony Society was a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785 MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The metaphorical use of the term likewise has several related meanings:

1. The loyalty and feeling of inclusion in the social history or collective essence of an institution or group, such as in school spirit or esprit de corps
2. A closely related meaning refers to the worldview of a person, place, or time, as in "The Declaration of Independence was written in the spirit of John Locke and his notions of liberty", or the term zeitgeist, meaning "spirit of the age". Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects For the term see School spirit School Spirit is a 1985 Comedy film about High school student who is killed Morale, also known as esprit de corps when discussing the morale of a group is an intangible term used for the capacity of people to maintain Belief in The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 was an English Philosopher. Zeitgeist ( pronounced) is a German language expression literally translated Zeit time; Geist spirit, meaning "the
3. As a synonym for 'vivacity' as in "She performed the piece with spirit. " or "She put up a spirited defense. "
4. The underlying intention of a text as distinguished from its literal meaning, especially in law; see Letter and spirit of the law
5. As a term for alcoholic beverages stemming from medieval superstitions that explained the effects of alcohol as demonic activity. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The letter of the law versus the spirit of the law is an Idiomatic Antithesis.
6. In Mysticism, as existence in unity with Godhead. Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity Soul may also be known as spirit, but soul is certain individual human consciousness, while spirit comes from beyond that.

See soul and ghost for related discussions. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented

Related concepts in other languages

Similar concepts in other languages include Greek Pneuma and Sanskrit akasha/atman, see also Prana. Pneumatology is the study of spiritual beings and phenomena especially the interactions between humans and God. Vedic Meaning Akasha (or Akash, Ākāśa, sa आकाश is the Sanskrit word meaning " aether " in both Prana (प्राण) is the Sanskrit for " Breath " (from the root prā "to fill" cognate to Latin plenus "full" In some languages, the word for spirit is often closely related, if not synonymous to mind. MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Examples include the German, 'Geist' (related to the English word ghost) or the French, 'l'esprit'. In the Judaeochristian Bible, the word "ruach" (רוח; "wind") is most commonly translated as the spirit, whose essence is divine (see Holy Spirit). Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin In Rabelais ' Gargantua and Pantagruel, Ruach is the Isle of Winds In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Alternately the word nephesh is commonly used. Nephesh (נפש is the Hebrew word commonly translated as Soul in English Nephesh, as referred to by Kabbalists, is one of the five parts of the Jewish soul, where "nephesh" (animal) refers to the physical being and its animal instincts. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living Similarly, both the Scandinavian languages and the Chinese language uses the term "breath" to refer to the spirit. The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages

See also

• Spirituality
• Spirituality Studies
• Angel
• Brahman
• Cryptid
• Cryptozoology
• Daemon (mythology)
• Deva
• Ekam
• Ghost
• Ka
• Legendary creature
• List of legendary creatures
• Monster
• Pneuma and Pneumatology
• Prana
• Qi
• Soul
• Spiritism
• Spiritual world

Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality An angel is a Spiritual Supernatural being found in many Religions Although the nature of angels and the tasks given to them vary from tradition to tradition Brahman ( bráhman-, Nominative bráhma sa ब्रह्म is a concept of Hinduism. Cryptid is a term used in the study of Cryptozoology to refer to a creature whose existence has been suggested but not demonstrated scientifically Cryptozoology (from Greek κρυπτός kruptos, "hidden" + Zoology; literally "study of hidden animals" is the study of and search The words daemon, dæmon, are Latinized spellings of the Greek δαίμων ( daimôn) used purposely today to distinguish the daemons Deva (देव in Devanagari script pronounced as /'d̪evə/ is the Sanskrit word for "god Deity " Ekam Tamil: ஏகம் - "the supreme oneness" is the term used in Akilattirattu Ammanai, the holy book of Ayyavazhi, to represent The A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented A legendary creature is a mythological or folkloric creature (often known as "fabulous creatures" in historical literature This is a list of Legendary creatures Creatures of modern invention are not included A monster is any of a large number of Legendary creatures which usually appear in Mythology, Legend, or Horror fiction. Pneumatology is the study of spiritual beings and phenomena especially the interactions between humans and God. Pneumatology is the study of spiritual beings and phenomena especially the interactions between humans and God. Prana (प्राण) is the Sanskrit for " Breath " (from the root prā "to fill" cognate to Latin plenus "full" In traditional Chinese culture, qi (zh [[wikt氣 氣]] Pinyin qì, Wade-Giles ch'i Jyutping The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living Spiritism is a Christian philosophical Doctrine, established in France in the mid-nineteenth century

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