| Software development process | |
| Activities and steps | |
|---|---|
| Requirements · Architecture Design · Implementation Testing · Deployment |
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| Models | |
| Agile · Cleanroom · Iterative · RAD RUP · Spiral · Waterfall · XP · Scrum |
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| Supporting disciplines | |
| Configuration management Documentation Quality assurance (SQA) Project management User experience design |
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The spiral model is a software development process combining elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down and bottom-up concepts. A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product Requirements analysis in Systems engineering and Software engineering, encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software components the externally visible properties Software design is a process of problem-solving and planning for a Software solution Software testing is an Empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test, with respect to the Software deployment is all of the activities that make a Software system available for use Agile software development refers to a group of Software development methodologies that are based on similar principles The Cleanroom Software Engineering process is a Software development process intended to produce software with a certifiable level of Reliability. Iterative and Incremental development is a cyclic Software development process developed in response to the weaknesses of the Waterfall model. Rapid application development ( RAD) is a Software development process, which involves iterative development and the construction of Prototypes The Rational Unified Process ( RUP) is an Iterative Software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation a division The waterfall model is a sequential Software development process (a process for the creation of software in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards Extreme Programming (or XP) is a Software engineering methodology (and a form of Agile software development) Proponents of Extreme Programming and agile Scrum is an iterative incremental process of software development commonly used with Agile software development. In Software engineering, software configuration Software documentation or source code documentation is written text that accompanies Computer Software. Software quality assurance ( SQA) consists of a means of monitoring the Software engineering processes and methods used to ensure quality Project Management is the discipline of planning organizing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives User experience design is a subset of the field of Experience design which pertains to the creation of the architecture and interaction models which impact a user's perception A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines Also known as the spiral lifecycle model, it is a systems development method (SDM) used in information technology (IT). Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support This model of development combines the features of the prototyping model and the waterfall model. The waterfall model is a sequential Software development process (a process for the creation of software in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards The spiral model is intended for large, expensive and complicated projects.
Contents |
History
The spiral model was defined by Barry Boehm in his 1988 article "A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement"[1]. Barry W Boehm is known for his many contributions to software engineering This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development, but it was the first model to explain why the iteration matters. Iterative and Incremental development is a cyclic Software development process developed in response to the weaknesses of the Waterfall model.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far. A goal or objective consists of a projected state of affairs which a Person or a System plans or intends to achieve or bring about — a personal or Consumers refers to individuals or households that use goods and services generated within the economy. Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project
The Spiral Model
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The steps in the spiral model can be generalized as follows:
- The new system requirements are defined in as much detail as possible. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and To be used efficiently all Computer software needs certain hardware components or other software resources to be present on a Computer system. This usually involves interviewing a number of users representing all the external or internal users and other aspects of the existing system.
- A preliminary design is created for the new system.
- A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. A prototype is an original type form or instance of something serving as a typical example basis or standard for other things of the same category This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product.
- A second prototype is evolved by a fourfold procedure:
- evaluating the first prototype in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, and risks;
- defining the requirements of the second prototype;
- planning and designing the second prototype;
- constructing and testing the second prototype.
- At the customer's option, the entire project can be aborted if the risk is deemed too great. Risk factors might involve development cost overruns, operating-cost miscalculation, or any other factor that could, in the customer's judgment, result in a less-than-satisfactory final product.
- The existing prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the previous prototype, and, if necessary, another prototype is developed from it according to the fourfold procedure outlined above.
- The preceding steps are iterated until the customer is satisfied that the refined prototype represents the final product desired.
- The final system is constructed, based on the refined prototype.
- The final system is thoroughly evaluated and tested. Routine maintenance is carried out on a continuing basis to prevent large-scale failures and to minimize downtime.
Applications
The spiral model is used most often in large projects. For smaller projects, the concept of agile software development is becoming a viable alternative. Agile software development refers to a group of Software development methodologies that are based on similar principles The US military has adopted the spiral model for its Future Combat Systems program. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States Future Combat Systems (FCS is the United States Army 's principal modernization program
Advantages
- Estimates (i. e. budget, schedule, etc. ) become more realistic as work progresses, because important issues are discovered earlier.
- It is more able to cope with the changes that software development generally entails.
- Software engineers can get their hands in and start working on the core of a project earlier.
See also
References
- ^ Boehm B, "A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement", "Computer", "IEEE", 21(5):61-72, May 1988
External links
Software engineering is the application of a systematic disciplined quantifiable approach to the development operation and maintenance of Software. This list complements the Software engineering article giving more details and examples The waterfall model is a sequential Software development process (a process for the creation of software in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards In Computing, the Chaos model is a structure of Software development that extends the Spiral model and Waterfall model. In Software engineering, Model-Based Architecting and Software Engineering ( MBASE) is a Software development process developed by Barry Boehm The V-model is a Software development process which can be presumed to be the extension of the Waterfall model.
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