Sphereland is a 1965 novel by Dionys Burger, and is a sequel to Flatland, a novel by "A Square" (a pen name of Edwin Abbott Abbott). A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Dionys Burger ( 10 July 1892, Amsterdam - 19 April 1987) was a Dutch mathematician (in original Dutch: Dionijs For other uses see Flatland (disambiguation Flatland A Romance of Many Dimensions is an 1884 Science fiction Edwin Abbott Abbott ( December 20, 1838 &ndash October 12, 1926) English Schoolmaster and theologian, The novel expands upon the social and mathematical foundations on which Flatland is based. It is markedly different from the first novel in that it has a more prosaic ending and treatment of society.
Contents |
Plot summary
The Circles (who are appointed as priests/leaders of Flatland due to their many sides, or an appearance thereof) do not take A Square's revelation about a third dimension to be accurate, and A Square is ostracized by his community. Circles are simple Shapes of Euclidean geometry consisting of those points in a plane which are at a constant Distance, called the A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading Height is the measurement of vertical Distance, but has two meanings in common use Then after some time, society becomes more open to the ideas of Spaceland and, overall, to change and advancement. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions However, when a prominent surveyor finds a Triangle with more than 180 degrees, he is fired from his job and generally considered a crackpot, since such a construction is not possible in Euclidian geometry. Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space Position of points and the distances and angles between A triangle is one of the basic Shapes of Geometry: a Polygon with three corners or vertices and three sides or edges which are Line Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to the Greek Mathematician Euclid of Alexandria. He eventually makes friends with the grandson of A Square, a Hexagon, because he is a mathematician and scientist. Regular hexagon The internal Angles of a regular hexagon (one where all sides and all angles are equal are all 120 ° and the hexagon has 720 degrees A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. A scientist, in the broadest sense refers to any person that engages in a systematic activity to acquire Knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices Together, they come upon a theory to explain the unusual measurements: they actually live on a very large sphere, and the Triangles have more than 180 degrees due to being inscribed on a non-planar surface. The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of Knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. "Globose" redirects here See also Globose nucleus. A sphere (from Greek σφαίρα - sphaira, "globe This article describes the unit of angle For other meanings see Degree. In Geometry, an inscribed Planar Shape or solid is one that is enclosed by and "fits snugly" inside another geometric shape or solid
With help from the sphere from the first novel, they are able to prove this theory. "Globose" redirects here See also Globose nucleus. A sphere (from Greek σφαίρα - sphaira, "globe However, the established scientific community is not able to comprehend the idea proposed by the two, and thus they do not attempt to enlighten Flatland. The scientific community consists of the total body of Scientists its relationships and interactions Furthermore, as the residents of Flatland advance, they begin to travel in space; they see distant worlds like their own, and the surveyor tries to find the distance between their world and these distant worlds, using trigonometry and radar. Circle-trig6svg|300px|thumb|right|All of the Trigonometric functions of an angle θ can be constructed geometrically in terms of a unit circle centered at O. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships From his calculations, he and the hexagon determine that the universe is expanding; again they try to reveal this theory to the outside world, but again it is not accepted. The Universe is defined as everything that Physically Exists: the entirety of Space and Time, all forms of Matter, Energy Therefore, like his grandfather in the previous novel, the hexagon writes a book that is not to be opened until the theory of the expanding universe is discovered and accepted by others. The Big Bang is the cosmological model of the Universe that is best supported by all lines of scientific evidence and Observation. Then they live a low-key existence without any more contact with the sphere.
Purpose
As with Flatland itself, the Flatlanders' encounter with the third dimension are intended to encourage consideration of how higher dimensions would appear to us - specifically, the concept that the universe is the three-dimensional surface of a four-dimensional hypersphere. Three-dimensional space is a geometric model of the physical Universe in which we live In Mathematics, an n -sphere is a generalization of an ordinary Sphere to arbitrary Dimension.
Editions in print
- Sphereland appears in one edition bound back-to-back with Edwin A. Abbott's Flatland, each novel thus having one of the two covers of the book; (1994), HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-273276-5
See also
In Physics and Mathematics, a sequence of n numbers can be understood as a location in an n -dimensional spaceDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic