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The specific strength is a material strength divided by its density. In Materials science, the strength of a material refers to the material's ability to resist an applied force The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different It is expressed in newton metres per kilogram, and is used for tensile strength as for compressive strength. Newton metre is the unit of moment ( Torque) in the SI system Tensile strength \sigma_{UTS} or S_U is the Stress at which a material breaks or permanently deforms Compressive strength is the capacity of a Material to withstand axially directed pushing forces It is sometimes known as the strength-to-weight ratio. Materials with very high specific strengths are widely used in aerospace applications where weight savings are more important than material costs. This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Materials such a titanium alloys and carbon fiber are widely used in these applications for this reason. Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22

Another way to quote specific strength is breaking length: the length of the material (in km) that could suspend its own weight (with a fixed cross-section). The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand For this measurement, the definition of weight is the force of gravity at the earth's surface applying to the entire length of the material, not diminishing with height. In the Physical sciences weight is a Measurement of the gravitational Force acting on an object Gravitation is a natural Phenomenon by which objects with Mass attract one another (A space elevator would need a material capable of sustaining 4,960 kilometers of its own weight at sea level to reach a geostationary altitude of 36,000 km. A space elevator is a proposed structure designed to transport Material from a celestial body 's Surface into space. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface A geostationary orbit (GEO is a Geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth 's Equator (0° Latitude) with a period equal to the Earth's [1] Individual carbon nanotubes have achieved this strength, however only on a microscopic scale to date. )

Specific tensile strength of various materials
Material Strength
(MPa)		 Density
(g/cm³)		 Specific Strength
(kN·m/kg)		 Breaking length
(km)		 source
Concrete 10 2. Materials are physical Substances used as inputs to production or Manufacturing. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag 30 4. 34 0. 44 [2]
Rubber 15 0. 92 16. 3 1. 66 [2]
Brass 580 8. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties 55 67. 8 6. 91 [3]
Oak 60 0. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin 69 86. 95 8. 86 [4]
Polypropylene 80 0. Polypropylene or polypropene ( PP) is a Thermoplastic Polymer, made by the Chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications 90 88. 88 9. 06 [5]
Nylon 78 1. Overview Nylon is a Thermoplastic silky material first used commercially in a nylon- Bristled Toothbrush (1938 followed more famously by 13 69. 0 7. 04 [6]
Magnesium 275 1. Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 74 158 16. 11 [7]
Aluminium 600 2. WikipediaNaming 70 222 22. 65 [8]
Steel 2000 7. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 86 254 25. 93 [8]
Titanium 1300 4. Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 51 288 29. 38 [8]
Silicon carbide 3440 3. Silicon carbide ( is a compound of Silicon and Carbon bonded together to form Ceramics but it also occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral 16 1088 110 [9]
Glass fiber 3400 2. Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. 60 1307 133 [8]
Vectran 2900 1. Vectran is a manufactured fibre spun from a Liquid crystal polymer created by Celanese Acetate LLC and now manufactured by Kuraray Co 40 2071 211 [8]
Graphite 4300 1. The Mineral graphite, as with Diamond and Fullerene, is one of the Allotropes of carbon. 75 2457 250 [8]
Kevlar 3620 1. Kevlar is the registered Trademark for a light strong para-aramid Synthetic fiber, related to other Aramids such as Nomex and 44 2514 256 [10]
Spectra fiber 3510 0. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene ( UHMWPE) also known as high-modulus polyethylene ( HMPE) or high-performance polyethylene ( HPPE 97 3619 369 [11]
Carbon nanotube 62000 1. See also Graphene, Buckypaper Carbon nanotubes (CNTs are Allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter 34 46268 4716 [2]

The data of this table is from best cases, and has been established for giving a rough figure.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ This 4,960 km "escape length" (calculated by Arthur C. Clarke in 1979) is much shorter than the actual distance spanned because centrifugal forces increase (and gravity decreases) dramatically with height: Clarke, A. Specific modulus is a Materials property consisting of the Elastic modulus per mass Density of a material Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE (16 December 1917–19 March 2008 was a British Science fiction Author, Inventor, and C. (1979). The space elevator: 'thought experiment', or key to the universe?.
  2. ^ a b c tensile strength
  3. ^ RoyMech: Copper Alloys
  4. ^ Delft University of technology: Oak wood
  5. ^ Goodfellow: Polypropylene
  6. ^ Goodfellow: Polyamide - Nylon 6
  7. ^ eFunda: Magnesium Alloys
  8. ^ a b c d e f Vectran fiber: specific strength
  9. ^ Specialty Materials, Inc SCS Silicon Carbide Fibers
  10. ^ Network Group for Composites in Construction: Introduction to Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
  11. ^ Spectra Fiber - Honeywell Advanced Fibers and Composites

External links

Tensile strength \sigma_{UTS} or S_U is the Stress at which a material breaks or permanently deforms
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