The term speaker is a title often given to the presiding officer of a legislative body. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the house. The speaker often also represents the body in his or her person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations.

As a parliamentary title it is typically Anglo-Saxon, first recorded in the English parliament for Thomas de Hungerford in 1377; in most other cultures other styles are used, mainly translations of Chairman or President. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Sir Thomas (de Hungerford (c 1330 &ndash 3 December 1397) was the first person to be recorded in the rolls of the Parliament of England as holding the President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries.

Many bodies also have a Speaker pro Tempore or temporary Speaker designated to fill in when the Speaker is not available.

Contents 1 UK and "Westminster system" countries 2 United States 3 Similar posts 4 List 5 References 6 See also

UK and "Westminster system" countries

In many nations, especially those with the Westminster System of government, the position of Speaker, modelled after the office in the British House of Commons, is ideally scrupulously politically neutral and is not concerned with substantive issues. The Westminster system is a democratic Parliamentary system of Government modelled after the British government (the Parliament of the United The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords In the event of a tie, the speaker is permitted to vote but only according to established conventions. In most cases the speaker is elected from among the members of the assembly by the members, and whips are not allowed to be among the selection. Whip is a role in party-based politics whose primary purpose is to ensure control of the formal decision-making process in a parliamentary legislature In the UK, a speaker is normally chosen from one of the two largest parties on an alternate basis, however this convention was broken with the election of Michael Martin as speaker as he and the previous incumbent, Betty Boothroyd, were both been members of the Labour Party. Michael Martin may refer to Michael Martin (politician (born 1945 the Speaker of the House of Commons in the United Kingdom Michael Martin Betty Boothroyd Baroness Boothroyd, OM, PC (born October 8, 1929 in Dewsbury, Yorkshire) is a British The current Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons, Peter Milliken, is a member of the Official Opposition. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and Peter Andrew Stewart Milliken, MP (born November 12, 1946) is a Canadian lawyer and politician

Despite being an impartial position, the Speaker in a Westminster system parliament has to stand for re-election if he wishes to stay. In the Republic of Ireland the Speaker (Ceann Comhairle) is deemed to have been elected if he seeks re-election; in the United Kingdom it is a constitutional convention that no major party will put up a candidate against the 'Speaker seeking re-election'. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Ceann Comhairle (/kʲaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːrʎə/ Irish for "head of the council" is the speaker or chairperson of Dáil Éireann, the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Alternative meaning Constitutional convention (political meeting A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is However in 2005 the Scottish National Party put up a candidate against the incumbent speaker (Michael Martin). The Scottish National Party (SNP (Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba Scottis Naitional Pairtie is a Centre-left political party which campaigns for Scottish Michael John Martin MP (born 3 July 1945 is the current Speaker of the House of Commons in the United Kingdom.

United States

In the United States, in the House of Representatives and in state legislatures and local government councils, the speaker is usually selected by the members of the majority party and functions as a leader of that party. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Thus, though the speaker is expected to be fair, he or she uses procedural rulings to advance the causes and agenda of his or her own party. Ceremonially, the speaker may represent the whole house, but politically he or she is the legislative voice of the party in power.

There is one prominent case of a speaker who is not presiding officer. The New York City Council, the unicameral legislative body for New York City, has as its presiding officer the Public Advocate, a position formerly known as City Council President, who is elected by all the voters of the city. The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of the City of New York. The City of New York The office of Public Advocate of New York is a citywide elected position in New York City, which is first in line to succeed the Mayor. As the public advocate's role has changed with several city charter revisions, a post of Council Speaker was created. The speaker is, effectively, majority leader of the council. In US politics, the majority leader is a partisan position in a legislative body

According to the federal succession statute currently in effect,^[1] the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the U. The presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity death resignation or removal from office (by Impeachment The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. S. Congress is second in line for succession to the presidency; should the president and vice president be unable to serve, the speaker would become president. Some scholars, however, have argued that this provision of the succession statute is unconstitutional. ^[2]

The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is currently Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), who is the first woman ever to serve as Speaker. Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi (born March 26 1940 is the current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

Similar posts

The presiding officer for an upper house of a bicameral legislature usually has a different title, although he or she has substantially the same duties. An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral For example, in the United States, the federal Vice President is the constitutionally-designated President of the Senate, the upper house of Congress. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Hence, the President of the United States begins his speeches to joint sessions of Congress addressing "Mr. President," meaning his own vice president as chair of the Senate. In practice, however, modern vice presidents almost never take the chair except on certain state occasions or to break a tie.

Similarly, most U.S. states have bicameral state legislatures with the lower house (variously called the House of Representatives, Assembly, or House of Delegates) led by a speaker, and the upper house (invariably called the Senate) led by a president

Other examples of upper houses whose presiding officer is referred to as a president include those of Australia and Chile. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the

This pattern is not universal, however. Some upper houses, including that of Canada and several States in the United States, including Tennessee, have a speaker. The Speaker of the Senate of Canada ( French: Président du Sénat du Canada) is the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada. The Tennessee Senate is the Upper house of the Tennessee state Legislature, which is known formally as the Tennessee General Assembly

In the United Kingdom, the presiding officer of the House of Lords was until recently the Lord Chancellor, who was also a member of the government (a cabinet member) and the head of the judicial branch. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. The chancellor did not have the same authority to discipline members of the Lords that the speaker of the Commons has in that house. (On 4 July 2006 the office was reformed, and Baroness Haymen, the first "Lord Speaker", took to the woolsack. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Helene Valerie Hayman Baroness Hayman, PC, née Middleweek (born 26 March 1949 in Wolverhampton) is Lord Speaker of the House of Lords The Lord Speaker is the speaker of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Woolsack is the seat of the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords, the Upper House of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ) (The office of Lord Chancellor remains, though with a modified role and duties. )

List

Country	Parliament	Speaker
Croatia	Croatian Parliament	Vladimir Šeks
Finland	Parliament of Finland (eduskunta/riksdagen)	Sauli Niinistö
India	Lok Sabha	Somnath Chatterjee
Kosovo	Assembly of Kosovo	Jakup Krasniqi
Republic of Macedonia	Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia	Ljubiša Georgievski
Malta	House of Representatives of Malta	Anton Tabone
Republic of Moldova	Parliament	Marian Lupu
Montenegro	Assembly of Montenegro	Ranko Krivokapić
Nigeria	National Assembly of Nigeria	acting Aminu Bello Masari
Pakistan	National Assembly of Pakistan	Dr. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Vladimir Šeks (born Osijek, 1 January 1943) was Speaker of the Croatian Parliament from December 22 2003 to January 11 2008 Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Eduskunta (in Finnish) or the Riksdag (in Swedish) is the Parliament of Finland. Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (born August 24, 1948, Salo, Finland) is the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India Somnath Chatterjee (Bengali সোমনাথ চট্টোপাধ্যায় (born July 25, 1929 in Tezpur, Assam) is an The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo (Kuvendi i Kosovës Скупштина Косова Skupština Kosova) is an institution within the Provisional Institutions Jakup Krasniqi is the president of the Assembly of Kosovo. Krazniqi was born in 1951 in the village of Negrofc, in Glogovac municipality The Republic of Macedonia (Република The Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia, the Assembly ( Sobranie) has 120 members elected for a four year term by Proportional representation Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The Parliament of Malta, the House of Representatives ( Il-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti) currently has 69 members elected for a five year term Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova ( Parlamentul Republicii Moldova) is a Unicameral assembly with 101 seats Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The Parliament of Montenegro ( Montenegrin: Скупштина Црне Горе Skupština Crne Gore) is the Legislature of Montenegro. Ranko Krivokapić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ранко Кривокапић is the current Speaker of the Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro and the Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution and comprises a 109-member Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The National Assembly is the Lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. Fahmida Mirza
Philippines	Philippine House of Representatives	Prospero Nograles
The Russian Federation	The State Duma	Boris Gryzlov
Serbia	National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia	Oliver Dulić
Sweden	Parliament of Sweden (riksdagen)	Per Westerberg
Ukraine	Verkhovna Rada	Arseniy Yatsenyuk
United Kingdom	Parliament of the United Kingdom	Michael Martin
United States of America	House of Representatives	Nancy Pelosi

References

See also

Generic

• President of Congress
• President of the Legislative Assembly
• President of the National Assembly
• President of the Senate
• Speaker of the House of Assembly
• Speaker of the House of Commons
• Speaker of the House of Representatives
• Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
• Speaker of the National Assembly
• Speaker of the Senate

Specific

• Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
• Speaker of the British House of Commons
• Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons
• Speaker of the Canadian Senate
• Speaker of the Knesset (the Israeli parliament)
• Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
• Speaker of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, India)
• Speaker of the Moldovan Parliament
• Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
• Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives
• Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council
• Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives
• Speaker of the Riksdag (the Swedish parliament)
• Speaker of the South African National Assembly
• Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
• Ceann Comhairle (Speaker of the Irish Dáil)
• Marshal of the Sejm, Poland
• President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
• President of the National Assembly of Quebec
• President of the European Parliament
• President of the Senate of Romania
• President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania
• Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales
• Presiding Officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly
• Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament
• Presiding Officer of the United States Senate

The presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity death resignation or removal from office (by Impeachment The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer speaker or chairman of a Senate. Speaker of the Senate is a title given to the presiding officer of the Senate in a small number of jurisdictions and mainly amongst English -speaking countries The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. In Canada the Speaker of the House of Commons ( French: Président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the The Speaker of the Senate of Canada ( French: Président du Sénat du Canada) is the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada. The Speaker of the Knesset is the presiding officer in the Knesset, Israel 's Parliament and also fills the role of the President when he or she For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the presiding officer of the provincial legislature The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the upper house of Parliament of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country List of Presidents of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR The Presidents of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR were In New Zealand the Speaker of the House of Representatives is the individual who chairs the country's legislative body the New Zealand House of Representatives The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Federal House of Representatives of Nigeria. The Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council is the chairman of the Palestinian Legislative Council. The Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Parliament of Sweden (Riksdag is the speaker (talman of the national parliament in Sweden. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Speaker of the South African National Assembly presides over the National Assembly, the Lower house of the Parliament of South Africa The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. The Ceann Comhairle (/kʲaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːrʎə/ Irish for "head of the council" is the speaker or chairperson of Dáil Éireann, the Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. ga '''Dáil Éireann''' ( English House of Representatives of Ireland) is the principal chamber of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament Related historical offices In Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth there was also an office of Sejmik Marshal Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The President of the Legislative Council is the speaker of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The President of the National Assembly of Quebec (French Le Président de l’Assemblée nationale) is the presiding officer of the National Assembly of Quebec The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament. The President of the Senate of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings The President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania is the senator elected to preside over the Senate meetings The Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales (Llywydd is the Speaker of the National Assembly for Wales, elected by the Members of the National The Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly is the presiding officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly elected on a cross-community vote by the Members of the Northern The Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament (Oifigear-Riaghlaidh Preses o the Scots Pairlament is the speaker of the Scottish Parliament, elected by the The Presiding Officer is the person who presides over the United States Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum recognizing members to speak and interpreting

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