"Cava" redirects here. For other uses, see Cava (disambiguation).

Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it making it fizzy. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single The carbon dioxide may result from natural fermentation, (either in a bottle, as with the méthode champenoise, or in a large tank designed to withstand the pressures involved, as in the Charmat process) or as a result of carbon dioxide injection. The process of fermentation in Wine is the Catalyst function that turns Grape juice into an Alcoholic beverage. There are three main methods of sparkling wine production The first is simple injection of Carbon dioxide (CO2 the process used in Soft drinks, There are three main methods of sparkling wine production The first is simple injection of Carbon dioxide (CO2 the process used in Soft drinks,

The United States is a significant producer of sparkling wine: California in particular is famous for its rosé sparklers. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. A rosé (From French rosé ‘pinkish’ Wine has some of the color typical of a red wine but only enough to turn it pink Recently the United Kingdom has started producing Champagne-style wines. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sparkling wine is usually white or rosé but there are many examples of red sparkling wines such as Italian Brachetto and Australian sparkling Shiraz, some of high quality. A rosé (From French rosé ‘pinkish’ Wine has some of the color typical of a red wine but only enough to turn it pink Braquet (French or Brachetto (Italian is a Grape variety found in Piedmont ( Italy) and in Provence ( France) which is For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used in Wine. Syrah is grown in many countries and is primarily used to produce powerful Red wines which enjoy

Some wines are made only lightly sparkling, such as vinho verde in Portugal — such wines are often called frizzante or pétillant, or simply semi-sparkling wines. Vinho Verde is a Portuguese wine from the Minho region in the far north of the country Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Sparkling Wines as opposed to Semi-Sparkling wines must contain more than 2. 5 atmospheres of Carbon Dioxide as at sea level and 20 °C. The Standard atmosphere is an international reference pressure defined as 101325 Pa and formerly used as unit of Pressure (symbol atm ^[1]

Contents 1 Terminology 2 Regional styles 2.1 Champagne 2.2 Crémant 2.3 Other French sparkling wines 2.4 Cava 2.5 Cap Classique 2.6 Asti 2.7 Sekt 2.8 Spumante 2.9 Sovetskoye Shampanskoye 3 American sparkling wines 4 United Kingdom 5 Semi-sparkling wines 5.1 Frizzante 5.2 Perlwein 5.3 Pétillant 5.4 Vino de Aguja 6 Red sparkling wines 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links

Terminology

While this section is entitled "Sparkling Wine", strictly speaking it deals with effervescent wines, of which sparkling wine is one type. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. An effervescent wine is defined as a wine which releases carbon dioxide bubbles at its surface and the term includes the following wine types:

Sparkling wine, Vin mousseux. This is defined as a wine which, in a closed container at 20 °C, has an excess CO2 pressure greater than 3 bar, which must originate exclusively from the secondary fermentation of a still base wine after the addition of the liqueur. Fermentation can take place only in the bottle or in a closed tank. Sparkling wines must be aged in the producing winery for a certain minimum period starting from the onset of secondary fermentation (prise de mousse).

Semi-sparkling wine, Vin pétillant. This is an effervescent wine with a pressure of between 1 and 2. 5 bar in a closed container at 20 °C, which can be made like sparkling wines, with secondary fermentation occurring either in the bottle or in a closed tank. In France, vins pétillants are made in two regions – the Loire Valley and Bugey-Cerdon. Carbonated semi-sparkling wines contain added CO2. Pétillants tend to have a lower alcohol content than other sparkling wines and some are marketed on a low-alcohol proposition.

Perlants contain more than 1 g of CO2 per litre of wine and bubbles can be seen at the surface at 20 °C when the bottle is uncorked. At 2 g/litre of CO2, corresponding to an excess pressure of around 1 bar, the wine approaches the definition for semi-sparkling wine.

The term champagne is reserved exclusively for effervescent wines produced in the Champagne region of France by the méthode champenoise. Since 1994, sparkling wines other than champagne produced by this method have not been allowed to use the term méthode champenoise, but have been obliged to use the term méthode traditionelle.

Since 1975, the term crémant has been reserved for sparkling wines from an appellation d’origine contrôlée, or AOC; this French law was adopted by the EU in 1992. In France, the following AOCs are defined by decree: crémant d’Alsace, de Bourgogne, de Limoux, de Die, de Loire, du Jura and de Bordeaux. Crémants have a slightly lower effervescence – more than pétillant, but less than mousseux.

Regional styles

The classic example of a Sparkling Wine is Champagne, but many other examples are produced in other countries and regions, such as Cava in Spain, Asti in Italy (the generic Italian term for sparkling wine being Spumante) and Cap Classique in South Africa. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa In some parts of the world, the word “champagne” is used as a synonym for sparkling wine, although laws in Europe and other countries reserve the word champagne for a specific type from the Champagne region of France. Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French term “Crémant” is used to refer to sparkling wine not made in the Champagne region. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people German and Czech Sparkling wines are called Sekt. German wine is primarily produced in the southwest of Germany, along River Rhine and its tributaries with the oldest plantations going back to the Roman Many regions of the Czech Republic have large wine producing areas

Current US regulations require that what is defined as a semi-generic name (such as champagne) shall be used on a wine label only if there appears next to that name the appellation of "the actual place of origin" in order to prevent any possible consumer confusion. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[2] Many US producers of quality sparkling wine no longer find the term "champagne" useful in marketing and prefer to call their products "sparkling wine".

Champagne

Unlike most other French wines there is only one appellation of champagne, "Champagne". An appellation is a Geographical indication used to identify where the Grapes for a Wine were grown Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. Anything labelled "Champagne" is produced in the Champagne region and conforms to the appellation standard.

There are just three grapes used to make Champagne. There are tiny quantities of a few other obscure grape varieties planted and legally included, but the vast bulk of champagne is composed of the three important ones. They are Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier and Chardonnay. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot meunier, also known as Meunier, Schwarzriesling, Müllerrebe, and Miller's Burgundy, is a variety of black Wine Grape Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. The first two are black grapes, the latter is white. There are just five main regions within Champagne where the grapes are grown, and where the houses source their grapes will influence the quality and style of the final product. It's not really of much use to the general consumer, however, as you won't find these names on the label.

Firstly, the Montagne de Reims is the most northerly area, and is planted mainly with Pinot Noir, mainly on north facing slopes. Wines produced here are firm and dry. The Côte des Blancs is a mostly east-facing region south of Epernay. It is almost entirely planted with Chardonnay, and produces a wine much less hard than the Montagne de Reims. There is a little Pinot Noir planted in the very south of this region. The Vallée de la Marne runs west-east, and is planted with all three grape varieties, although the Pinot Meunier dominates. Further south is the Côte des Sézanne, primarily Chardonnay country, and finally the Aube, the southernmost of all five regions, is planted mainly with Pinot Noir. This latter region is quite a distance further south than the other four, and is thus warmer, so it is planted with mainly Pinot Noir.

The terms Blanc de Blancs and Blanc de Noirs indicate wines made solely from white grapes (Chardonnay) and black grapes (Pinot Noir and Meunier) respectively.

An oddity among champagnes are the rosé Champagnes, which may be made by either allowing the wine to stay in contact with the red grape skins for a while (the saignée method), or by adding in a little red wine to colour the product.

Crémant

Crémant is the generic French name for sparkling wine made in that country outside the region of Champagne. The Champagne wine region ( archaic Champany is a historic province within the Champagne administrative province in the northeast of France. Initially reserved for "Champagne demi-mousse", the term crémant has long been in use, but since 4 July 1975 (French law no. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 75-577) it has been reserved for sparkling wines from an appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC). This law was adopted by the EEC in 1992.

The term crémant is thus defined at the European level.

In France, the following are defined by government decree:

• Crémant d'Alsace
• Crémant de Bordeaux
• Crémant de Bourgogne
• Crémant de Die
• Crémant du Jura
• Crémant de Limoux
• Crémant de Loire

In Europe:

• Crémant du Luxembourg

In the other European countries, the term crémant has not been adopted by wine producers.

The term was originally used to define those wines with a lower pressure than 2. 5 bar, Champagne being of a pressure from 2. 5 to 3. 5 bar, but the term has been generalised and harmonised within the EU.

French appellation laws dictate that a Crémant must be harvested by hand with yields not exceeding a set amount for their AOC. The Harvesting of Wine Grapes is one of the most crucial steps in the process of Winemaking. The wines must also be aged for a minimum of one year. ^[3]

The Loire Valley is France's largest producer of sparkling wines outside of the Champagne region. Loire Valley (Vallée de la Loire is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. The majority of these Crémant du Loire are produced around the city of Saumur and are a blend of the Chardonnay, Chenin blanc and Cabernet franc. Saumur is a town and commune in the Maine-et-Loire département of France on the Loire River at, with an approximate Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Chenin blanc, or Pineau de la Loire, is a variety of white Wine Grape from the Loire valley of France Cabernet Franc is one of the major varieties of red Wine Grape in Bordeaux AOC laws do allow cuvees with Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot noir, Gamay, Côt, Pineau d'aunis and Grolleau but those grapes are rarely used in a significant amount. Cuvée (or Cuvee on some English language labels is a French Wine term derived from cuve, meaning Vat or Tank. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Gamay is a purple-colored Grape variety used to make Red wines most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours Malbec is a variety of Grape used in making Red wine. The grapes tend to have an inky dark colour and robust Tannins Long known as one of the Pineau d'Aunis is a red Wine Grape that is grown primarily in the Loire Valley around Anjou and Touraine. ^[4]

In Burgundy, AOC laws require that Crémant de Bourgogne be composed of at least thirty percent Pinot noir, Chardonnay, Pinot blanc or Pinot gris. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) Pinot blanc is a white Wine Grape. It is a Genetic mutation of Pinot gris, which is itself a mutation of Pinot noir. Aligoté is often used to fill out the remaining parts of the blend. Aligoté is a white Grape used to make dry white Wines in the Burgundy region of France, and which also has significant plantings in much ^[5]

The Languedoc wine Crémant de Limoux is produced in the forty one villages around the village of Limoux in the south of France. Languedoc wine, including the Vin de pays labeled Vin de Pays d'Oc, is produced in southern France. The wine is composed primarily of the indigenous grape mauzac with some Chenin blanc and Chardonnay. The wine must spend a minimum of one year aging on its lees. The sparkling Blanquette de Limoux is composed entirely of mauzac and is aged for nine months. Limoux wine is produced around the city of Limoux in Languedoc in southwestern France. ^[6]

Other French sparkling wines

There are also some other French appellations for sparkling wines, which do not carry the name Crémant. Some of these are exclusively sparkling wine appellations, and some are appellations allowing both still and sparkling wine to be made.

Sparkling-only are:

• Anjou mousseux AOC
• Blanquette de Limoux AOC
• Blanquette méthode ancestrale AOC
• Bourgogne mousseux AOC
• Clairette de Die AOC
• Saumur mousseux AOC
• Touraine mousseux AOC

Either still or sparkling are:

• Gaillac AOC
• Saint-Péray AOC
• Vouvray AOC

Cava

See also: Catalan_wine#Cava

Cava is the name of a type of white or pink sparkling wine, produced mainly in the Penedès region in Catalonia, Spain, 40 km to the south west of Barcelona. Limoux wine is produced around the city of Limoux in Languedoc in southwestern France. Limoux wine is produced around the city of Limoux in Languedoc in southwestern France. Clairette de Die AOC is a natural sparkling wine made from the Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (75% minimum and Clairette (25% maximum grape varieties The commune of Saumur in the Loire Valley is famous for Sparkling wines produced by the traditional method, and for red wines made primarily from Cabernet Gaillac AOC is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC in South West France in the département of Tarn, just north of Toulouse Saint-Péray is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC in the northern Rhône wine region of France. Wines from the French commune of Vouvray east of Tours are made in a wide range of different styles The grapes are Chenin Blanc. Catalan wine is Wine made in the Spanish wine region of Catalonia. Alt Penedès is a comarca (county in Catalonia, Spain. Municipalities Avinyonet del Penedès - pop Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia ^[7] Its name is derived from the Catalan word for cellar. ^[8] There are a small number of areas in Spain outside Catalonia that also produce Cava.

The region of Penedès is an area of predominantly rocky terrain, and has been home to vineyards since the Greeks settled there in antiquity. The Penedès wine-making region of Catalonia in Northeast Spain lies to the south-west of the city of Barcelona. A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca It has a favourable climate for wine-making; the north and eastern winds of the levanter help to cool the region, while the chalky top soil over clay allows the vines to establish deep roots. Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of Wine, starting with selection of the Grapes and ending with bottling the finished wine Chalk (ʧɔːk is a soft white porous Sedimentary rock, a form of Limestone composed of the Mineral Calcite.

The sparkling wine of cava was created in 1872 by Josep Raventós. ^[7] The vineyards of Penedès were devastated by the phylloxera plague, and the predominantly red vines were being replaced by large numbers of vines producing white grapes. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is After seeing the success of the Champagne region, Raventós decided to create the dry sparkling wine that has become the reason for the region's continued success. ^[9] In the past the wine was referred to as Spanish Champagne but this is no longer permitted under EU law, or colloquially as champaña or xampany. ^[8]

Cava is produced in varying levels of dryness of the wine which are: brut nature, brut (extra dry), seco (dry), semiseco (medium)^[9] and dulce (sweet). The sweetness of a Wine is defined by the level of residual sugar (or RS in the fermentation proces

Under Spanish Denominación de Origen laws, Cava can be produced in six wine regions and must be made according to the Traditional Method with second fermentation in the bottle and uses a selection of the grapes macabeo, parellada, xarel·lo, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, and Subirat. See also Protected designation of origin Denominación de Origen (Designation of Origin - DO is part of a regulatory Classification system primarily for Macabeo ( Alcañón or Viura in parts of Spain --> Macabeu in Catalan) is a variety of Wine Grape. Parellada is a type of grape primarily grown in Catalonia. This is the main grape variety for the most well-known Catalan sparkling wine - Cava Xarel·lo is a white grape specially grown in Catalonia.With Macabeu and Parellada, is one of the three traditional varieties used to make the Catalonian Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Malvasia (also known as Malvazia) is a group of wine Grape varieties grown historically in the Mediterranean region and the island of Madeira The house of Raventós i Blanc makes limited edition Cava, Elisabet Raventós which includes 10% white (blanco de negro) wine made from Monastrell[1]. Graciano is a Spanish red Wine Grape that is grown primarily in Rioja. Despite being a traditional Champagne grape, Chardonnay was not used in the production of Cava until the 1980s. ^[10] Pinot noir has been permitted in white cavas since the 2007 harvest. ^[11]

In Spain, Cavas have become integrated with family traditions and is often consumed at baptism celebrations with even the newborn getting a taste of their pacifier dipped in the wine. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted ^[12]

Cava is a Greek term that is used to refer to "high end" table wine or wine cellar. Comes from the Latin word "CAVA" which means cave in English. Caves were used for the preservation or aging of wine. The constant, slightly chilly temperature and high humidity that most caves possess makes them ideal for such use.

Cap Classique

Cap Classique denotes a South African sparkling wine made by the traditional Champagne method. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa ^[13] The name derived from the fact that the classic art of winemaking was introduced to the Cape by the French Huguenots, and the first bottle-fermented wine produced at the Cape was Simonsig Estate's Kaapse Vonkel (Cape Sparkle). The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth

Grapes are selected from a diversity of regions in the Cape, resulting in highly individual styles. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the Grape selection in the vineyards ensures that only perfectly healthy grapes are handpicked and brought to the cellar. Sauvignon blanc and Chenin blanc have been the traditional Cap Classique grapes but the use of Chardonnay and Pinot noir have been on the increase. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. Chenin blanc, or Pineau de la Loire, is a variety of white Wine Grape from the Loire valley of France ^[13]

Whole bunch pressing is at the heart of the winemaking process, with only the first pressing, or cuvée, used to make the various base wines destined to be called Cap Classique. A wine press is a device used to extract Juice from crushed Grapes during Wine making. Cuvée (or Cuvee on some English language labels is a French Wine term derived from cuve, meaning Vat or Tank. Individual base wines and blends are tasted annually by the Cap Classique Association's own members to ensure that the final wine is of high quality.

Once bottled, the bottles ferment and mature horizontally in cool, dark cellars for a minimum of twelve months. Fermentation in Food processing typically refers to the conversion of Sugar to Alcohol using Yeast under Anaerobic conditions There are individual producers who ensure much longer yeast contact time, depending on the style and vintage. Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic Microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1500 Species currently described After riddling and disgorging, Cap Classique wines are left to mature on the cork for some time, to ensure integration and balance. There are three main methods of sparkling wine production The first is simple injection of Carbon dioxide (CO2 the process used in Soft drinks, There are three main methods of sparkling wine production The first is simple injection of Carbon dioxide (CO2 the process used in Soft drinks, Cork material is a Prime-subset of generic cork tissue, harvested for commercial use primarily from the Cork Oak tree Quercus

The Cap Classique Producers Association (CCPA) was established in 1992 by a group of like-minded producers who share a passion for bottle-fermented sparkling wines, made according to the traditional method (Méthode Champenoise). There are three main methods of sparkling wine production The first is simple injection of Carbon dioxide (CO2 the process used in Soft drinks, Their vision is to promote South Africa's premium Méthode Cap Classique (MCC) wines, as well as the common interests of the producers. They also intend to establish MCC as a generic term to describe these wines, ensuring that it is recognized both locally and in the international marketplace.

Asti

Asti is a DOCG sparkling wine produced in the Asti region in Piedmont, Italy. Denominazione di origine controllata is an Italian quality assurance label for food products and especially wines (an Appellation) Asti is a city and Comune in the Piemonte or Piedmont region, in north-western Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Made from the Moscato grape, it is available as a sparkling wine (Asti, earlier known as Asti spumante) and a frizzante (Moscato d'Asti). The muscat family of Grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for Wine, Raisins and Table grapes Their color Both are sweet and low in alcohol, and often enjoyed with dessert. Similar styled wines produced elsewhere are often called spumanti.

Sekt

Sekt is the German term for sparkling wine. Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good History First mention of the settlement dates back to 976 when according to Thietmar of Merseburg, Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia, defeated The majority Sekt (around 95%) is made by the Charmat method with the remaining premium sekt being made according to the Méthode Traditionalle (The term "Methode Champenoise" is no longer permissible). ^[14] Germany is the largest per capita consumer of sparkling wine in the world. Historically much sekt was made at least partially from imported wines from Italy, Spain and France. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[15] Sekt can only be labeled as Deutscher Sekt if it is made exclusively from German grapes. Some of the premium wines are often made using the Riesling, Pinot blanc and Pinot gris grapes, with much of it drunk locally rather than exported. Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. Pinot blanc is a white Wine Grape. It is a Genetic mutation of Pinot gris, which is itself a mutation of Pinot noir. These sekts are usual vintage dated with the village and vineyards that the grapes are from. Vintage, in Wine -making is the process of picking Grapes and creating the finished product ^[15]

Not all sparkling (bubbling) wines are called Sekt, some are simply Perlwein. Sekt typically comes with elaborate enclosure (safety cage) to withstand its considerable CO2 pressure. It also comes with a Schaumwein tax, which since 2005 has been 136 euro per hectoliter, corresponding to 1. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. 02 euro per 0. 75 liter bottle. ^[16] Germans also call some similar foreign wines Sekt, like Krimsekt (often red) from Crimea.

In Austria, Sekt is often made in the Méthode Champenoise with the Welschriesling and Grüner Veltliner grapes giving the wine a golden hue color. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Welschriesling is an ancient variety of white Wine grape that is unrelated to the Rhine Riesling. Grüner Veltliner is a variety of white Wine Grape widely grown primarily in Austria and widely also in the Czech Republic but almost nowhere else Sparkling rosé are made from the Blaufränkisch grape. A rosé (From French rosé ‘pinkish’ Wine has some of the color typical of a red wine but only enough to turn it pink Blaufränkisch ( German for blue "Frankish") is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used for red Wine. ^[17]

There's a Sekt wine made in Bohemia, the Bohemia Sekt. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Production begun in the late fourties and early fifties when a French expert worked in a local wine company and passed his experiences from the production of sparkling wine to his Czech colleagues.

Spumante

Spumante is the Italian term for a sparkling wine. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. While some producers use the méthode champenoise, the majority of Italian spumante is produced by Charmat-Martinotti method^[18], including the top Prosecco di Conegliano-Valdobbiadene and Asti Spumante wines. Prosecco is a variety of white Grape grown in the Veneto region of Italy, and also gives its name to the Sparkling wine made from the grape Asti or Asti Spumante is a white sparkling wine produced in an area to the south of the town of Asti in Piedmont, Italy.

More lightly sparkling wines, pressurised between 1 and 2. 5 atm^[19], are termed frizzante.

Sovetskoye Shampanskoye

Sovetskoye Shampanskoye (Советское Шампанское, 'Soviet Champagne') is a generic brand of sparkling wine produced in the Soviet Union and successor states. Sovetskoye Shampanskoye (Советское Шампанское 'Soviet Champagne ' is a Generic brand of Sparkling wine produced in the Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. Generic brands of consumer products (often supermarket goods are distinguished by the absence of a Brand name. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 It was produced for many years as a state-run initiative.

After the USSR was dismantled, private corporations in Russia and Belarus purchased the rights to use "Soviet Champagne" as a brand name and began manufacture once again. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east "Soviet Champagne" is still being produced in Russia and Belarus today, by these private companies, using the original generic title as a brand name.

American sparkling wines

Sparkling wines produced in the United States can be made in both the méthode champenoise and the charmat method. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lower cost sparklers, such as André, Cook's, and Tott's, often employ the latter method while more premium sparkling wines utilizing the former. E & J Gallo Winery was founded in 1933 by Ernest Gallo and Julio Gallo in Modesto California. ^[20]

The history of producing quality sparkling wine in California can be traced to the Sonoma Valley where, in 1892, the Korbel brothers (immigrated from Bohemia in 1852) began producing sparkling wine according to the méthode champenoise. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Sonoma Valley is the birthplace of the California Wine industry and often called The Valley of the Moon Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Korbel Champagne Cellars F Korbel Brothers Inc is a winery based in Sonoma County California Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The first wines produced were made from Riesling, Muscatel, Traminer and Chasselas grapes. The muscat family of Grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for Wine, Raisins and Table grapes Their color Savagnin or Savagnin Blanc is a variety of white Wine Grape with green-skinned berries Chasselas is a Wine Grape variety grown in Switzerland, France, Germany, Portugal and New Zealand. As the sparkling wine industry in California grew, foreign investments from some of the Champagne region's most noted Champagne houses came to set up wineries in the area. The Champagne wine region ( archaic Champany is a historic province within the Champagne administrative province in the northeast of France. The listing below comprises some of the more prominent houses of Champagne. These include Moët et Chandon's Domaine Chandon, Louis Roederer's Roederer Estate, and Taittinger's Domaine Carneros. Moët et Chandon (moɛt‿e ʃɑ̃ˈdɔ̃ Moët et Chandon was established in 1743 by Claude Moët, and today owns more than 1500 acres (6 Louis Roederer is one of the largest remaining independent Champagne Houses owned by the Rouzaud family since it was founded in 1776 The Taittinger family are a French family who are famous producers of champagne. ^[20]

Partly aided by the foreign influence, the overall quality of Californian sparklers increased with the introduction of the more traditional Champagne grapes of Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Pinot Meunier and Pinot blanc into the production. Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot meunier, also known as Meunier, Schwarzriesling, Müllerrebe, and Miller's Burgundy, is a variety of black Wine Grape Pinot blanc is a white Wine Grape. It is a Genetic mutation of Pinot gris, which is itself a mutation of Pinot noir. US AVA requirements and wine laws do not regulate the sugar levels and sweetness of wine though most producers tend to the follow European standards with Brut wine having less than 1. An American Viticultural Area is a designated Wine Grape -growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features with boundaries The sweetness of a Wine is defined by the level of residual sugar (or RS in the fermentation proces 5% sugar up to Doux having more than 5%. ^[21]

While many top American sparkling wine producers utilize the French champagne methods of production, there are distinct differences in their wine making techniques that have a considerable effect on the taste of the wines. Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of Wine, starting with selection of the Grapes and ending with bottling the finished wine In Champagne, the cuvee blend will rarely have less than 30 wines and sometimes as many as 60 that are taken from grapes spanning 4-6 years of different vintages. Cuvée (or Cuvee on some English language labels is a French Wine term derived from cuve, meaning Vat or Tank. Vintage, in Wine -making is the process of picking Grapes and creating the finished product In California, cuvees are typically derived from around 20 wines taken from 1 to 2 years worth of vintages. French Champagne laws require that the wine spend a minimum of 15 months on the lees for non-vintage and minimum 3 years for vintage Champagne. Lees refers to deposits of dead Yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate or are carried by the action of " Fining " to the bottom of It is not uncommon for a premium champagne to age for 7 years or more prior to release. In the US, there are no minimum requirements, and aging length can vary from 8 months to 6 years. ^[21]

Another distinct difference, particularly in Californian sparkling wines, is the favorable Californian climate which allows a vintage wine to be produced nearly every year. ^[22]

United Kingdom

See also: Wine from the United Kingdom

The White Cliffs of Dover are made of the same chalk rocks as are found in the Champagne region, and are not that much further north. Wine which is grown and produced in the United Kingdom is generally classified as either English wine or Welsh wine (depending on country of origin (but The white cliffs of Dover are Cliffs which form part of the British coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France. Champagne is a historic province in the northeast of France, best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name So it is not surprising that there has been increasing interest in making traditional method wines in southeast England. There are three main methods of sparkling wine production The first is simple injection of Carbon dioxide (CO2 the process used in Soft drinks, At around 52° North southern England has always been at the northern limits for viticulture, although there has been wine made in England since Roman times and the recent trend towards warmer summers definitely helps. Another problem is that the region is densely populated and land prices are very high, but at least there is a wealthy local market for the wine.

Nyetimber in particular has been grabbing headlines with a classic Champagne blend of Pinot noir, Pinot meunier and Chardonnay that won Best Sparkling Wine at a recent IWC. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot meunier, also known as Meunier, Schwarzriesling, Müllerrebe, and Miller's Burgundy, is a variety of black Wine Grape Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine.

Semi-sparkling wines

Semi-Sparkling wines are sparkling wines that contain more than 1 and no more than 2. 5 atmospheres of carbon dioxide. The Carbon dioxide may be endogenous through second fermentation or through gas injection in which case the wine label must contain the words "aerated by the addition of carbon dioxide"

Several countries such as the UK, Germany and The Netherlands apply an excise duty rate for semi-sparkling wines the same as for still wines and less than for sparkling wines provided that there is no mushroom cork or ties. Excise or Excise tax (sometimes called an excise duty) is a type of Tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to Customs duties

Origins of terms for describing similar wines produced in other countries vary.

Frizzante

Frizzante is the Italian wine term for semi-sparkling wine (as opposed to Spumante, which is generally used for fully sparkling wines). Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Frizzante wines generally owe their bubbles to a partial second fermentation in tank, a sort of interrupted Charmat process sparkling wine.

Perlwein

The German term Perlwein also refer to such wines. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

Pétillant

The French term Pétillant (approximately meaning "sparkling")

Vino de Aguja

The Spanish name — Vino de Aguja literally translates as "needle wine" or prickly. Vino Espumoso denotes fully sparkling wine or Cava under the Denominación. Similarly in Portgual, the Portuguese word for "needle" — Agulha — is used to describe the semi-sparkling quality of locally-produced vinho verde. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal.

Red sparkling wines

While the majority of sparkling wines are white or rosé, Australia, Italy and Moldova all have a sizable production of red sparkling wines. A rosé (From French rosé ‘pinkish’ Wine has some of the color typical of a red wine but only enough to turn it pink For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania In Australia, these sparklers are often made from the Shiraz grape. Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used in Wine. Syrah is grown in many countries and is primarily used to produce powerful Red wines which enjoy ^[23]

References

Further reading

• Prial, F. J. Decantations. Decantation is a process for the Separation of mixtures carefully pouring a solution from a container leaving the Precipitate ( Sediments in the bottom New York: St. Martin's, 2001.
• Guy, Lolleen. When Champagne became French: Wine and the Making of a National Identity. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
• Robinson, Jancis (Ed. ) The Oxford Companion to Wine. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, second edition, 1999.

External links

• The wine region DO Cava
• Confraria del Cava
• The Cap Classique Producers Association
• Wines of Germany industry website
• Effervescents du Monde — website of an international Sparkling wines competition.
• Soviet champagne
• Trademark Battles Rage Over Top Soviet Brands
• About the Bohemia Sekt origin
• On the origins of american sparkling wine

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