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The Spanish nobility are the persons who possess the legal status of nobility, and the system of titles and honours of Spain and of the former kingdoms that constitute it. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime A title is a prefix or suffix added to a person's name to signify either veneration an official position or a professional or academic qualification Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Some nobles possess various titles that may be inherited, but the inheritance and creation of titles is entirely at the grace of the King of Spain. During the rule of General Francisco Franco, new hereditary titles were conceded to individuals, and the titles granted by the Carlist pretenders were officially recognized. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid Carlism is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on

Upon the accession to Spain's throne in the person of Juan Carlos of Spain in 1975, the court of nobles holding offices attached to the royal household was not restored. Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its Noble titleholders are subjected to taxation, whereas under Spain's ancien régime they were exempt. Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in

King Juan Carlos has also created new titles to recognize the merits of politicians and artists. For example, the daughter of Franco became Duchess of Franco, Adolfo Suárez became Duke of Suárez, Camilo José Cela became Marquis of Iria Flavia (the Roman name of his birth city). Don Adolfo Suárez González 1st Duke of Suárez Grandee of Spain, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Don Adolfo Suárez González I Duque Don Camilo José Cela Trulock Marquis of Iria Flavia (Don Camilo José Cela Trulock marqués de Iria Flavia ( May 11, 1916 — January Iria Flavia or simply Iria in Galicia, northwestern Spain, was a Celtiberian port the main seat of the Caporos on the road between He also exceptionally confirmed the title of Count of Barcelona (a title historically attached to the Crown, but used as a title of pretence) by his father Juan de Borbón during the dynasty's twentieth century exile and the subsequent reign of his son. Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else The Infante Don Juan of Spain, Count of Barcelona ( Juan Carlos Teresa Silvestre Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg) English: ( A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations

Contents

Grandes de España

See Also: Spanish monarchy full Titulary

Spanish nobles are classified either as Grandes de España (also called in English grandees), or as titled nobles. King Juan Carlos I is a direct descendant of many famous European rulers from different countries such as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (who as Carlos I is said to have been Grandee is a word either to render in English the Iberic high aristocratic title 'Grande' used by the Spanish Portuguese and Brazilian peerage or by analogy to refer to other Formerly, grandees were divided into the first, second and third classes, but now, all grandees enjoy the same privileges. An individual may hold a grandeeship, whether in possession of a title of nobility or not. Normally, however, each grandeeship is attached to a title, though this was not always the case. Furthermore, a grandeeship is always awarded along with every ducal title, as most dukes in France gradually obtained a peerage under its ancien régime. Peerage of France (Pairie de France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. A grandee of any rank outranks a non-grandee, even if that non-grandee's title is of a higher degree. Thus, a baron-grandee enjoys higher precedence than a marquis who is not a grandee. Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies Except for dukes, most Spanish titles of nobility are not attached to grandeeships.

Grandees are entitled to the style of Most Excellent Lord / Lady or His / Her Excellency. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the In the days of the old monarchy, Grandees had the privilege of keeping their hats on in the presence of the sovereign, and of addressing him as "cousin".

Titled nobles who are of the rank of marquis or count use the style Most Illustrious Lord / Lady, while those of the rank of viscount, baron or lord use simply Lord / Lady. A viscount ( VAI-count is a member of the European Nobility whose comital title ranks usually as in the British peerage, above a

Ranks

The titles of Prince of Asturias, Prince of Gerona and Prince of Viana are held by the heir apparent of the Spanish crown. Origin The title of Prince of Girona is one of the titles given to the crown prince of the Aragon Crown. See also List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown The Prince of Viana is actually one of the titles of the heir of the Crown of Spain. An heir apparent is an Heir who (short of a fundamental change in the situation cannot be displaced from inheriting the term is used in contrast to Heir presumptive

The Spanish nobility is divided into six ranks (both the masculine and feminine forms, as well as some extant titles, are given). Some of the titles are the following:

Duke / Duchess (Duque / Duquesa)

Marquis / Marchioness (Marqués / Marquesa)

Count / Countess (Conde / Condesa)

Viscount / Viscountess (Vizconde / Vizcondesa)

Baron / Baroness (Barón / Baronesa)

Lord / Lady (Señor / Señora)

Succession

The evidence supporting one's claim to a title may be reviewed by the Deputation of Grandees and Titled Nobles of the Kingdom (Diputación de Grandes y Títulos del Reino). Lord of Biscay ( Basque: Bizkaiko Jauna, Spanish: Señor de Vizcaya) is a historical title of the head of state of the autonomous territory The body includes eight grandees, eight nobles who are not grandees, and a president who must hold both a grandeeship and a hereditary title without grandeeship.

Succession to Spanish noble titles is hereditary, but not automatic. The original letters patent which created the title determines the course of succession. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right

The title of King of Spain however currently follows male-preference cognatic primogeniture, as set in the medieval Castilian law Siete Partidas. Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings The Siete Partidas (Seven-Part Code or simply Partidas was a Castilian statutory code first compiled during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile The elimination of male preference (while retaining the current rights of Felipe, Prince of Asturias) is often predicted as a likely future reform of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The Constitution of Spain is regarded as the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy.

While noble titles historically have followed the rule of male-preference primogeniture, a Spanish law came into effect on October 30, 2006, after approval by both houses of parliament, establishing the inheritance of hereditary noble titles by the firstborn regardless of sex. The law is retroactive to July 27, 2005. [1]

Following the death of a noble, the senior heir may petition the King through the Spanish Ministry of Justice for permission to use the title. A petition is a request to change some thing most commonly made to a government official or public entity If the senior heir does not make a petition within two years, then other heirs may themselves do so. Furthermore, there is an overall limit of forty years within which one may claim a title.

The petitioner must demonstrate that he or she is a child, grandchild or direct male line descendant of a noble (whether a grandee or not), or that he or she belongs to certain bodies or orders of chivalry deemed noble, or that the father's family is recognized as noble (if succeeding to a grandeeship, the mother's family also). Chivalric orders are orders of Knights that were created by European monarchs in imitation of the Military orders of the Crusades. Furthermore, a fee must be paid; the fees depend on whether the title is attached to a grandeeship or not, and on whether the heir is a direct descendant or collateral kinsman to the previous holder. Consanguinity (" con- (with sanguine (blood -ity" refers to the property of being from the same Lineage as another person Kinship is a relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin through either biological cultural or historical descent The petition is normally granted, except if the petitioner is a criminal.

Titles may also be ceded to heirs other than the senior heir during the lifetime of the main titleholder. Normally, the process is used to allow younger children to succeed to the titles, while the highest or principal title goes to the senior heir. Only subsidiary titles may be ceded; the principal title must be reserved for the senior heir. The cession of titles may only be done with the approval of the monarch.

Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, holds the Guinness Book of Records for number of titles with over 50 titles. Doña María del Rosario Cayetana Alfonsa Victoria Eugenia Francisca Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, better known as the 18th and present Duchess of Alba de Tormes Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U

References

  1. ^ http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2006/10/31/pdfs/A37742-37743.pdf
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