Spanish art is an important and influential type of art in Europe. Spanish art is the name given to the artistic disciplines and works developed in Spain throughout time, and those by Spanish authors world-wide. Due to historic, geographic and generational diversity, Spanish art has known a great number of influences. The Moorish heritage in Spain, especially in Andalucia is still evident today in cities like Córdoba, Sevilla, and Granada. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area ||-||-||} Córdoba ( Cordova in English is a City in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. European influences include Italy and France, especially during the Baroque and Neoclassical periods.
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Painting
Baroque
Diego Velázquez (1599-1667), was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV. Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez ( June 6, 1599 &ndash August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading Las Meninas ( Spanish for The Maids of Honour) is a 1656 painting by Diego Velázquez (1599–1660 the leading artist of the Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez ( June 6, 1599 &ndash August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary baroque period, important as a portrait artist. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he created scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners. In many portraits, Velázquez gave a dignified quality to less fortunate members of society like beggars and dwarfs. In contrast to these portraits, the gods and goddesses of Velázquez tend to be portrayed as common people, without divine characteristics. Besides the forty and 22 portraits of Philip by Velázquez, he painted portraits of other members of the royal family, including princes, infantas (princesses), and queens.
Francisco Goya was a portraitist and court painter to the Spanish Crown, a chronicler of history, and, in his unofficial work, a revolutionary and a visionary. The Third of May 1808 (also known as es ''El tres de mayo de 1808 en Madrid'', or es ''Los fusilamientos de la montaña del Príncipe Pío'', or Goya painted the Spanish royal family, including Charles IV of Spain and Ferdinand VII. Charles IV ( November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication Early life In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite His themes range from merry festivals for tapestry, draft cartoons, to scenes of war, fighting and corpses. In his early stage, he painted draft cartoons as templates for tapestries and focused on scenes from everyday life with vivid colors. During his lifetime, Goya also made several series of "grabados", etchings which depicted the decadance of society and the horrors of war. His most famous series of "grabados" are the Black Paintings, painted at the end of his life. The Black Paintings are a group of paintings by Francisco Goya created in the later years of his life (1819-1823 that portray intense haunting themes This series features works that are obscure in both color and meaning, producing uneasiness and shock.
20th Century
Picasso's Blue Period (1901–1904),which consisted of somber, blue-tinted paintings was influenced by a trip through Spain. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 The bombing of Guernica ( April 26, 1937) was an aerial attack on the Basque town of Guernica, causing widespread destruction and Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 The Museu Picasso in Barcelona features many of Picasso's early works, created while he was living in Spain, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, Picasso's close friend from his Barcelona days who, for many years, was Picasso's personal secretary. There are many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father's tutelage, as well as rarely seen works from his old age that clearly demonstrate Picasso's firm grounding in classical techniques. Picasso presented the most durable homage to Velázquez in 1957 when he recreated Las Meninas in his characteristically cubist form. Las Meninas ( Spanish for The Maids of Honour) is a 1656 painting by Diego Velázquez (1599–1660 the leading artist of the Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European While Picasso was worried that if he copied Velázquez's painting, it would be seen only as a copy and not as any sort of unique representation, he proceeded to do so, and the enormous work—the largest he had produced since Guernica in 1937—earned a position of relevance in the Spanish canon of art.
Salvador Dalí was one of the most important painters of the 20th century. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist La persistencia de la memoria ( 1931) or The Persistence of Memory is the most famous Painting by artist Salvador Dalí Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist In 1922 Dalí moved in to the "Residencia de Estudiantes" (Students' Residence) in Madrid. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Exhibitions of his works in Barcelona attracted much attention, and mixtures of praise and puzzled debate from critics. Upon Francisco Franco's coming to power in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, Dalí came into conflict with his fellow Surrealists over political beliefs. As such Dalí was officially expelled from the predominantly Marxist Surrealist group. Dalí's response to his expulsion was "Surrealism is me. " Andre Breton coined the anagram "Avida Dollars", by which he referred to Dalí after the period of his expulsion; the Surrealists henceforth would speak of Dalí in the past tense, as if he were dead. The surrealist movement and various members thereof (such as Ted Joans) would continue to issue extremely harsh polemics against Dalí until the time of his death and beyond. The fact that he chose to live in Spain while it was ruled by Franco drew criticism from progressives and many other artists. In 1959, Andre Breton asked Dalí to represent Spain in the Homage to Surrealism Exhibition, celebrating the Fortieth Anniversary of Surrealism, among the works of Joan Miró, Enrique Tábara, and Eugenio Granell. In 1960 Dalí began work on the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dalí in his home town of Figueres. In 1982 King Juan Carlos of Spain bestowed on Dalí the title Marquis of Púbol.
Sculpture
The plateresque style extends from beginnings of the 16th century until reaching the last third of the century and great Spanish artists belong to it. Alonso Berruguete (sculptor, painter and architect) is called the prince of the Spanish sculpture because of the grandiosity, originality, and expression of his style. Alonso González de Berruguete (Alonso Berruguete (c 1488 &ndash 1561 was a Spanish painter, sculptor and Architect. His main plateresque works were the upper chairs of the choir of the Cathedral of Toledo, the tomb of Cardinal Tavera in the same Cathedral, and the altarpiece of the visitation in the church of Santa Úrsula of this locality.
Another period of the Spanish Renaissance sculpture embraces the last years of the 16th century and extends to the following century until reaching the 17th, shining at this time the truly Spanish school, more realistic, personal and independent that the previous one. There were two groups of illustrious masters: the Sevillian Group, to which Juan Martínez Montañés belongs (called the Sevillian Fidias), whose most celebrated works are the Cross in the Cathedral of Seville, another one in Vergara, and a Saint John; and the Granadine group, to which Alonso Cano belongs, to whom a Purest and a Virgin of Rosary are attributed. Juan Martínez Montañés ( March 16 1568 - June 18 1649) Spanish sculptor, was born at Alcalá la Real in the Alonzo Cano or Alonso Cano ( 19 March 1601 – 3 September 1667) was a Spanish painter, Architect
The Vallisoletan school of the 17th century was succeeded in the 18th century, although with smaller brightness, by the Madrilenian, and it was soon transformed into academic in the middle of the century. And the Andalusian school was replaced by the Murcian, summarized in the person of Francisco Salzillo, during the first half of this century. Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz ( 21 May 1707 - 2 March 1783) was a Spanish sculptor. This last sculptor is distinguished by his originality, smoothness, and moderate rest of the works, even in the tragic representations. More than 1,800 works are attributed to him, the most famous productions of stature being the Passages of the Holy Week in Murcia, mainly the Oration of the Orchard and the Kiss of Judas.
Architecture
During the Prehistoric period, the Megalithic and the Iberian and Celtic architectures are developed. Spanish architecture refers to Architecture carried out in any area in what is now modern-day Spain, and by Spanish architects worldwide Through the Roman period, both the urban development (Emerita Augusta) and constructions (Aqueduct of Segovia) flourish. Emerita Augusta was the Roman name of the city of Mérida Spain. The Aqueduct of Segovia (or more precisely the Aqueduct bridge is one of the most significant and best-preserved monuments left by the Romans on the Iberian After the Pre-Romanesque period, in the architecture of Al-Andalus, important contributions are made by the Caliphate of Cordoba (the Great Mosque of Córdoba), the Taifas (Aljafería, in Zaragoza), the Almoravids and Almohads (La Giralda, Seville), and the Nasrid of the Kingdom of Granada (Alhambra, Generalife). Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The Mezquita (Spanish for " Mosque " of Cordoba is a Roman Catholic Cathedral and former mosque situated in the Andalusian city of Córdoba The Aljafería Palace ( Arabic: قصر الجعفرية Qasr Aljafariya Spanish: Palacio de la Aljafería) is a fortified palace built during the The Giralda is the Bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville in Seville, Spain, one of the largest churches in the world and an outstanding example This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. The Palacio de Generalife ( Arabic: Jannat al-'Arif - Architect's Garden) was the summer Palace and country estate of the Nasrid After them, several currents appear: the Mudéjar Style (Alcázar of Seville), the Romanesque period (Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela), the The Gothic period (the Cathedrals of Burgos, León and Toledo), the Renaissance (Palace of Charles V in Granada), the Baroque period (Granada Cathedral), the Spanish Colonial architecture, and Neoclassical Style (El Prado Museum) are the most important ones. The Alcázar of Seville (Spanish "Alcázares Reales de Sevilla" or "Royal Alcazars of Seville" is a royal palace in Seville, Spain. Santiago de Compostela Cathedral is situated in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain The Burgos Cathedral (Catedral de Burgos is a Gothic-style cathedral in Burgos, Spain Santa María de León Cathedral, also called The House of Light or the Pulchra Leonina is situated in the city of León in north-west The Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo, also called Primate Cathedral of Toledo, is a church in Spain. The Palace of Charles V, in Granada, Spain, is a Renacentist construction located on the top of the hill of the Assabica inside the Nasrid Granada Cathedral ( Cathedral of the Incarnation) is a Cathedral in Granada, in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia, The Museo del Prado is a Museum and Art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. In the 19th century the Eclecticism and Regionalism, the Neo-Mudéjar Style, and the Glass architecture bloom. In the 20th century the Catalan Modernisme (La Sagrada Família by Gaudí), the Modernist architecture, and the Contemporary architecture germinate. The Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família (official Catalan nameTemplo Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia "Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family" often simply
Literature
The Cantar de Mio Cid is the oldest preserved Spanish cantar de gesta. The term Spanish literature refers to Literature written in the Spanish language, including literature composed in Spanish by writers not necessarily from La Celestina (used as title Synecdoche, one of the characters of the book actually called Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea or Libro de El Cantar de Mio Cid is the oldest preserved Spanish epic poem ( epopeya) It is written in medieval Spanish, the ancestor of modern Spanish.
The Celestina is a book published anonymously by Fernando de Rojas, about whom we know little, in 1499. La Celestina (used as title Synecdoche, one of the characters of the book actually called Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea or Libro de Fernando de Rojas (c 1465 La Puebla de Montalbán, New Castile (now Toledo) &ndash April 1541 Talavera de la Reina, Spain) was This book is considered to be one of the greatest in Spanish literature, and traditionally marks the end of medieval literature and the beginning of the literary renaissance in Spain.
Besides its importance in the Spanish literature of the Golden Centuries, Lazarillo de Tormes is credited with founding a literary genre, the picaresque novel, so called from Spanish pícaro meaning "rogue" or "rascal". The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities ( La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades) is a Spanish Novella In these novels, the adventures of the pícaro expose injustice while amusing the reader.
Published by Miguel de Cervantes in two volumes a decade apart, Don Quixote is the most influential work of literature to emerge from the Spanish Golden Age and perhaps the entire Spanish literary canon. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist es '''''Don Quixote''''' (, see spelling and pronunciation below fully titled es '''''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''''' ("The Ingenious Hidalgo Don This article is about the Spanish Golden Age of the 15th-17th centuries As a founding work of modern Western literature, it regularly appears at or near the top of lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published.
Other artistic disciplines
- See also: List of Spain-related topics#Art
- Handicraft
- Graphical arts
- Cinematography
- Dance
- Photography
- Comic strip
- Music
Art museums
- Museo del Prado (Madrid). This is a list of topics related to Spain. Those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related changes in the sidebar The art of motion-picture making within the nation of Spain or by Spanish filmmakers Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with Flamenco, an Andalusian musical genre which contrary to popular belief is not widespread outside that region The Museo del Prado is a Museum and Art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.
- Museo Reina Sofía (Madrid). The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS is the official name of Spain 's national Museum of 20th century Art (informally shortened to Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.
See also
- Pre-Romanesque art refers to the art of Spain after the Classical Age and before Romanesque art and architecture. The Pre-Romanesque art and architecture of Spain (in Spanish, arte prerrománico) refers to the art of Spain after the Classical
- Asturian art
- Visigothic art
- After the Moorish invasion of Hispania in the 8th century, eastern and Arabic art influenced Spanish art and architecture, such as at the Alcázar of Seville and the Alhambra
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