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Spanish East Indies (Spanish: Indias Orientales Españolas), was a term used to describe Spanish possessions in Asia-Pacific which lasted over three centuries (1565 to 1898). The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, República Filipina ( English: Philippine Republic Tagalog: Unang Republika ng Pilipinas) also known as the First Philippine Negros is an island of the Philippines located in the Visayas, at. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the German New Guinea ( Ger Deutsch-Neuguinea) was a former German Protectorate from 1884 to 1914 consisting of the northeastern part of The current Coat of arms of Spain was approved by law in 1981 when the present established replaced the interim version which in turn replaced the official arms of Francoist Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Cebu is one of the Provinces of the Philippines. It lies to the east of Negros Island; to the west of Leyte and to the southeast is Bohol The City of Manila Baler is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. This is a list of Spanish Monarchs &mdashthat is rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Reign Although Alfonso's reign would not end well it began well Governor-General of the Philippines was the title of the chief political executive during two pre-independence phases in the history of the Philippines, under Spanish Miguel López de Legazpi ( 1502 &ndash August 20, 1572) also known as El Adelantado (The Governor and El Viejo (The Elder Diego de los Ríos was the last Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Miguel López de Legazpi ( 1502 &ndash August 20, 1572) also known as El Adelantado (The Governor and El Viejo (The Elder Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The peso ( Filipino: piso) ( sign: ₱; code: PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. Asia-Pacific or APAC is the area generally regarded as encompassing Littoral East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australasia near the It was used to describe Las Islas Filipinas (The Philippine Islands) and its dependencies including Guam, Mariana Islands, Palau and Caroline Islands. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated The Mariana Islands (also the Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called Ladrones Islands, from Spanish Islas de los Ladrones meaning Palau, officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800 km) east The Caroline Islands form a large Archipelago of widely scattered islands in the western Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Guinea. Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, most of the islands were occupied by the United States while the rest were sold to Germany in the German-Spanish Treaty (1899). However, the kings of Spain (including the current monarch) still continued to use the title "King of the Spanish East Indies" as part of their traditional values. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
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History
Exploration and Settlement (1521–1643)
Spanish contact began on March 6, 1521, when Ferdinand Magellan reached the Mariana Islands. Spanish East Indies The story of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898 is an exciting epic of how a handful of Christian missionaries Spanish conquistadores The history of Guam involves phases including the early arrival of people known today as the ancient Chamorros, the development of "pre-contact" society Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães fɨɾˈnɐ̃ũ dɨ mɐgɐˈʎɐ̃ĩʃ Fernando de Magallanes (Spring 1480 &ndash April 27 1521 Mactan Island, Cebu He named Guam "Isla de Ladrones" (Island of Thieves) because some of his supplies in the galleon, "Trinidad" were stolen. Magellan's crew eventually left the island and reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines on March 16, with only 150 crewmen. Homonhon Island is an island in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines, on the west side of Leyte Gulf. There, they met the indigenous peoples and were able to communicate with them because the Malayan interpreter, Enrique of Malacca, could understand the natives' language. This article discusses the slave and interpreter of Ferdinand Magellan.
Seeking to develop trade between the East Indies and the Americas across the Pacific Ocean, Antonio de Mendoza encouraged the exploration of Spain's new territories, as he commissioned the expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines in 1542-1543. The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term often used to refer to the islands of SE Asia, especially the Malay Archipelago The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Antonio Hurtado de Mendoza (Antonio de Mendoza (1495 Granada &ndash July 21, 1552, Lima) was the first viceroy of New Spain Ruy López de Villalobos (b 1500 - d 1544 was a Spanish explorer who sailed the Pacific from Mexico ( New Spain) to establish a Miguel López de Legazpi established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines in 1565, which became the town of San Miguel. Miguel López de Legazpi ( 1502 &ndash August 20, 1572) also known as El Adelantado (The Governor and El Viejo (The Elder The City of Cebu ( Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Sugbo, Filipino: Lungsod ng Cebu) is the capital of Andrés de Urdaneta discovered an efficient sailing route from the Philippines returning to Mexico. Andrés de Urdaneta ( Ordizia, November 30[[ 498]] - June 3, 1568, Mexico City) was an Augustinian Friar, sail-captain In 1570, the native city of Manila was conquered and trade links soon began in the Manila-Acapulco Galleons. The City of Manila The Manila galleons or Manila-Acapulco galleons ( Galeones de Manila-Acapulco) were Spanish trading Ships that sailed once or twice
The Manila-Acapulco galleons shipped products gathered from both Asia-Pacific and the Americas, such as silk, spice, silver, gold and other Asian-Pacific islander products to Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Products brought from Asia-Pacific were sent to Veracruz and shipped to Spain and, via trading, to the rest of Europe. Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states that constitute the republic of Mexico. While Spanish-Mexican colonist brought with them Spanish or indigenous Mexican customs, religion, languages, foods and cultural traditions to the Philippines, Guam and the Mariana Islands.
In 1606, the Spaniards established some form of trade links with the Maluku Islands and remained until 1663. Contacts with Japan were also established and Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent as ambassador in 1611, until Japan closed it's trading post in 1630. Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548-1624 was a Spanish soldier entrepreneur explorer and diplomat whose varied roles took him to New Spain, the Philippines, the Baja On the north eastern coastal region near Taiwan, the Spaniards built Fort Santo Domingo near Keelung in 1626 and a mission in Tan-shui in 1628, which they occupied until 1642. Fuerte Santo Domingo or Fort San Domingo ( POJ: Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ was originally Some Pacific islands were visited by Spanish ships in the 16th century, but they made no effort to trade with or colonize them, including New Guinea (by Yñigo Ortiz de Retez in 1545), Solomon Islands (by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa in 1568) and Marquesas Islands (by Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira in 1595). Yñigo Ortiz de Retez ( ''fl'' 1545 was a 16th-century Spanish maritime explorer, who navigated the northern coastline of the Pacific - Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa (1532 - 1592 was a Spanish explorer author historian astronomer scientist and humanist Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira or Neyra (1542 - October 1595 was a Spanish Navigator.
The last Spanish Habsburgs (1643–1713)
In 1668, Diego Luis de San Vitores established the first mission in the Mariana Islands. Venerable Diego Luis de San Vitores (1627-1672 was a Spanish Jesuit Missionary who founded the first Catholic church on the island of Guam
The Bourbon Reforms (1713–1898)
Spanish rule in the Philippines was briefly interrupted in 1762, when British troops invaded the capital city of Manila. Later, Governor-General José Basco y Vargas established the Economic Society of Friends of the Country. José Basco y Vargas was the 44th governor of the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule, from 1778 to 1787.
Colonial government
For over 256 years, The Spanish East Indies was a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain which was governed from Mexico City between 1565 to 1821. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, A captaincy is a historical Administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese Colonial empires Each was governed by a Captain Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico Spain took direct control of the islands following the Mexican War of Independence in 1821. The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 These regions were soon governed from Madrid until 1898. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.
Captaincy General
The Captaincy General of the Philippine Islands were an administrative government organization founded in 1565, and for over 333 years, it was governed by both the Real Audiencia of Manila, the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Spanish crown.
Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, several lands of the Spanish East Indies were ceded to other countries.
Territories
The Spanish East Indies includes:
- Las Filipinas (The Philippines): Manila, Luzon, Visayas, Palawan, Balambangan Island, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga, Jolo, Palmas Islands, including isolated outposts in Keelung in Taiwan, and in the islands of Gilolo, Ternate, and Tidore in Moluccas and Manado in Sulawesi.
- Islas Carolinas (Federated States of Micronesia)
- Islas Marianas (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam)
- Islas Palau (Republic of Palau)
Nevertheless, the Philippines during Spanish colonization does not technically include the southernmost tips of Palawan until the late 1890s, the Batanes Islands until the 1700s, and the highlands of Luzon until the early 1800s, and the rest of Mindanao, aside from outposts in Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga, and Jolo, was never subjugated and remained independent under both the Sulu and the Maguindanao sultanate. The Federated States of Micronesia is an Island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea. The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI is a commonwealth in Political union with the United Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated
Similarly, Palau and the the vast majority of the Islas Carolinas (present-day Micronesia) were not governed by Spanish missions until the early 1800s.
Cultural Influence
Hispanic
Spain's influence on her former colonies in Asia-Pacific is significant and to this day, the majority of the people of the Philippines, Guam, Mariana Islands and Palau belong to the Roman Catholic faith. The British historian Arnold J Toynbee once asserted in one of his works that "the Philippines is a Latin American country that was transported to Many of these people also use Spanish names and surnames, their languages have many Spanish loanwords, and their national cuisine has much Spanish or Mexican influence. In most Spanish -speaking countries people have two surnames. These nations also exhibit a small minority of native people descendants from Spaniard and Mexican settlers, known as mestizos, who form a tiny percentage of the populations. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin
Filipino
A sizeable proportion of the current population of Northern Marianas Islands (45~55%) and Guam (30~45%), as well as Palau (15~25%) is of Filipino descent. Some of the local peoples in the previously stated territories also use Filipino names and surnames (one example is the surname Pangelinan, which comes from the Filipino surname Pangilinan). The current Chamorro population is believed to be partly of Filipino descent, both through historic links before and during the Spanish rule, which continue to the present state, through transmigration.
Terms
The Spaniards named several places in the islands that are not currently used. These included "Gran Moluccas" (Great Molluccas) for the islands of Mindanao, "Nueva Castilla" (New Castile) for Luzon, and "Nueva Filipinas" (New Philippines) for the Caroline Islands. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas
See also
External links
- Web oficial Asociación Española de Estudios del Pacífico
- Philippine "The Early Spanish Period"
- The Impact of Spanish Rule in the Philippines
- History: The Spanish Colony
- Guam History and Culture
- Filipinas
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