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This article is about the space shuttle laboratory. For the space station of the 1970s, see Skylab. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Skylab was the first Space station the United States launched into orbit and the second space station ever visited by a human crew For the commercial company which also makes space shuttle laboratories and logistic modules, see SPACEHAB. Spacehab Inc ( is an aerospace company headquartered in Webster, Texas near the Johnson Space Center.
Shuttle Columbia during STS-50 with Spacelab Module LM1 and tunnel in its cargo bay.
Shuttle Columbia during STS-50 with Spacelab Module LM1 and tunnel in its cargo bay. STS-50 (US Microgravity Laboratory 1 was a United States Space Shuttle mission the 12th mission of the Columbia orbiter

Spacelab was a reusable laboratory flown into space on the Space Shuttle. NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States It allowed scientists to perform experiments in microgravity in Earth orbit. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware.

Contents

History

In August 1973, NASA and ESRO (now European Space Agency (ESA)) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to build a science laboratory for use on Space Shuttle flights. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The European Space Agency ( ESA) established in 1975 is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member [1] Construction of Spacelab started in 1974 by the ERNO (daughter of VFW-Fokker GmbH, after merger with MBB named MBB/ERNO, and since 2003 part of EADS SPACE Transportation). The Entwicklungsring Nord (Northern development circle - abbreviated ERNO - was a 1961 joint venture of Bremen -based Weserflug and Focke-Wulf with The Entwicklungsring Nord (Northern development circle - abbreviated ERNO - was a 1961 joint venture of Bremen -based Weserflug and Focke-Wulf with Messerschmitt AG was a famous German Aircraft manufacturer known primarily for its World War II Fighter aircraft, notably the Bf 109 EADS Astrium Space Transportation was formed in June 2003 from the Space Infrastructure division of Astrium (whose core was originally ERNO) and the The first set including lab module, LM1, was given to NASA free of charge by ESA in exchange for flight opportunities for European astronauts. A second module, LM2, was bought by NASA for its own use from ERNO. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program In addition to the laboratory module, the complete set also included five external pallets for experiments in vacuum, built by British Aerospace (BAe) and a pressurized igloo containing the subsystems needed for the pallet-only flight configuration operation. British Aerospace (BAe was a UK aircraft and defence-systems manufacturer that is now part of BAE Systems.

Spacelab layout showing tunnel, pressurized Module and Pallet.
Spacelab layout showing tunnel, pressurized Module and Pallet.

Eight flight configurations were qualified though even more could be assembled.

The Spacelab components were used on 25 shuttle flights, but the components were decommissioned in 1998 except the pallets. Science work was to be moved to the International Space Station and Spacehab module, a pressurized carrier similar to the Spacelab Module. Spacehab Inc ( is an aerospace company headquartered in Webster, Texas near the Johnson Space Center. A Spacelab Pallet was recommissioned in 2002 for flight on STS-99. STS-99 was a Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' mission that launched on February 11, 2000 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida The "Spacelab Pallet - Deployable 1 (SLP-D1) with Canadian Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator, Dextre" was launched on STS-123. Dextre (also known as the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator ( SPDM) is a two armed robot or telemanipulator which is part of the Mobile Servicing System STS-123 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS which was flown by Space Shuttle ''Endeavour''. "Spacelab Pallet - Deployable 2 (SLP-D2)" is currently scheduled for STS-127. STS-127 is a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS which will launch no earlier than May 15, 2009.

The LM2 is now on display in the Bremenhalle exhibition in the Bremen Airport of Bremen, Germany. Bremen Airport or Flughafen Bremen serves the city of Bremen, Germany. Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

Description

Flight Configurations
Flight Configurations

The Spacelab Module consists of a cylindrical main laboratory configureable as Short or Long Module flown in the rear of the Space Shuttle cargo bay, connected to the crew compartment by a tunnel. The laboratory had an outer diameter of 4. 12 m, and each segment a length of 2. 7 m. Most of the time two segments were used in forming the Long Module configuration.

The Spacelab Pallet is a U-shaped platform for mounting instrumentation, large instruments, experiments requiring exposure to space, and instruments requiring a large field of view, such as telescopes. The pallet has several hard points for mounting heavy equipment. The pallet can be used in single configuration or stacked end to end in double or triple configurations. Up to five pallets can be configured in the Space Shuttle cargo bay by using a double plus triple pallet.

Other Spacelab elements include the tunnel, Igloo, and the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) tailored to the pallet interfaces for precise pointing to space or earth targets.

Spacelab missions

Spacelab in payload bay during STS-90.
Spacelab in payload bay during STS-90. STS-9 (also known as STS-41A (Spacelab 1 was the 6th mission of the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' It was Columbia's last flight until early January of 1986 Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS 51-B was the seventeenth flight of a Space Shuttle and the seventh flight of ''Challenger''. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Challenger ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-099 was NASA's second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service STS-51-F (Spacelab 2 was the eighth flight of Space Shuttle ''Challenger'', and the nineteenth shuttle flight Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Challenger ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-099 was NASA's second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service STS-61-A was the 22nd Space Shuttle mission It was a scientific Spacelab mission booked by Germany - hence the payload name D-1 (for Deutschland 1 Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Challenger ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-099 was NASA's second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service STS-35 was the tenth flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'', the thirty-eighth shuttle flight and a mission devoted to deploying ASTRO-1 an observatory consisting Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-40, the eleventh launch of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'', was a nine-day mission Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-42 was a Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' mission with the Spacelab module Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Discovery ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-45 was a 1992 spaceflight using Space Shuttle Atlantis. Crew Charles F Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Atlantis ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-50 (US Microgravity Laboratory 1 was a United States Space Shuttle mission the 12th mission of the Columbia orbiter Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-47 Shuttle mission was the 50th Space Shuttle mission of the program. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-56 was a Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' mission to perform special experiments Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Discovery ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS 55 Space Transportation System was the 55th overall flight of the US Space Shuttle and the 14th flight of Columbia. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-58 shuttle mission of Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 18 1993 Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-90 is a mission of the United States Space Shuttle. Crew Richard A

Other missions

References

  1. ^ Lord 1987, p. STS-59 Shuttle mission was a Space Shuttle program mission that took place in 1994. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-65 is a Space Shuttle program mission of ''Columbia'' launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, July 8 1994 Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-68 was a Human spaceflight mission using that launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 1994-09-30. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-66 is a Space Shuttle program mission Crew Donald R McMonagle (3 Commander Curtis L Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Atlantis ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-67 was a Human spaceflight mission using that launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 1995-03-02. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-71 was the third mission of the US / Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, which carried out the first Space Shuttle docking to Mir Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Space Shuttle Atlantis ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-104 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-73 is a Space Shuttle program mission Crew Kenneth D Bowersox (3 Commander Kent V Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-78 was the fifth dedicated Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission for the Space Shuttle program, flown partly in preparation for the International Space Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-83 was a mission of the United States Space Shuttle ''Columbia''. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-94 was a mission of the United States Space Shuttle Columbia, launched on 1 July 1997. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-90 is a mission of the United States Space Shuttle. Crew Richard A Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Space Shuttle Columbia ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy Space shuttle in NASA 's STS-99 was a Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' mission that launched on February 11, 2000 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-92 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS flown by Space Shuttle '' Discovery''. The International Space Station (ISS uses three Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs to interconnect spacecraft and modules with different docking mechanisms 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Space Shuttle Discovery ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-108 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS flown by Space Shuttle '' Endeavour''. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of STS-123 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS which was flown by Space Shuttle ''Endeavour''. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Space Shuttle Endeavour ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-105 is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of Dextre (also known as the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator ( SPDM) is a two armed robot or telemanipulator which is part of the Mobile Servicing System 24-28.

External links

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