- See also: Spaceflight
Space transport is the use of spacecraft to transport people or cargo through outer space. Spaceflight is the use of Space technology to fly a Spacecraft into and through Outer space. A spacecraft is a Vehicle or machine designed for Spaceflight. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Outer space, often simply called space, comprises the relatively empty regions of the Universe outside the escape velocities of Celestial bodies. In human spaceflight, the people transported are the crew who operate the spacecraft, and occasionally passengers. A human spaceflight is a Spaceflight with a human crew, and possibly passengers Space tourism is the recent Phenomenon of tourists paying for flights into space pioneered by Russia Some cargo carrying spacecraft, like the Progress, have no crew or passengers during their flight and operate either by telerobotic control or are fully autonomous. Telerobotics is the area of Robotics concerned with the control of robots from a distance chiefly using wireless connections (like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, the Autonomous robots are Robots which can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance
Currently, spacecraft most commonly use rocket technology for propulsion. A rocket or rocket vehicle is a Missile, Aircraft or other Vehicle which obtains Thrust by the reaction of the Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to change the velocity of Spacecraft and artificial Satellites There are many different methods Rocket engines expel propellant to provide forward thrust. Rocket propellant is mass that is stored usually in some form of Propellant tank prior to being used as the propulsive mass that is ejected from a rocket engine in the form Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton 's Second and Third Laws. Different ranges and types of rockets and other spacecraft have been used (or proposed) for different environments and goals, including:
- expendable launch system
- single stage to orbit
- orbital maneuvering system
- interplanetary travel
- interstellar travel
- intergalactic travel
There are also several non-standard propulsion systems in the works which do not directly rely on rocket propulsion, including solar sails, magnetic sails, plasma-bubble magnetic systems, and using gravitational slingshot effects. An expendable launch system is a Launch system that uses an expendable launch vehicle (ELV to carry a payload into Space. A single-stage-to-orbit (or SSTO) vehicle reaches Orbit from the surface of a body without jettisoning hardware expending only propellants and fluids The Orbital Maneuvering System, or OMS (pronounced /omz/ is a system of Rocket engines used on the space shuttle orbiter for orbital injection Interstellar space travel is unmanned or manned Travel between Stars The concept of interstellar travel in Starships is a staple in Science fiction Intergalactic travel is travel between galaxies, and is considered much more technologically demanding than even Interstellar travel. Solar sails (also called light sails or photon sails, especially when they use Light sources other than the Sun) are a proposed form of A magnetic sail or magsail is a proposed method of Spacecraft propulsion which would use a static magnetic field to deflect charged particles radiated by the A magnetic sail or magsail is a proposed method of Spacecraft propulsion which would use a static magnetic field to deflect charged particles radiated by the In Orbital mechanics and Aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist or swing-by is the use of the relative movement and For launching from the Earth's surface launch loop's or a more technologically difficult concept is the space elevator. A launch loop or Lofstrom loop is a design for a belt based Maglev Orbital launch system that would be around 2000 km long and maintained at A space elevator is a proposed structure designed to transport Material from a celestial body 's Surface into space.
- For more types, see spacecraft propulsion. Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to change the velocity of Spacecraft and artificial Satellites There are many different methods
- For a complete list of space launchers, see the list of rockets. The following is a list of Rockets Launch systems Known as "space rockets" these vehicle families have had launch attempts
- For more information on the business of space transportation, see private spaceflight and commercialization of space. Private spaceflight is flight above Earth Altitude conducted by and paid for by an entity other than a government Commercialization of space is the use of Outer space for the purpose of generating a Profit, either by a Corporation or State.
There are other forms of transportation to orbit beyond rockets that leverage new technologies like carbon nanotubes that will create new mass transit capabilities to orbit. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another See also Graphene, Buckypaper Carbon nanotubes (CNTs are Allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star These new materials will allow us to create cables, a tether, that stretch from the surface of the Earth all the way to orbit. A tether is a cord that anchors something movable to a stationary point EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star These cables will allow us to create space elevator mass transit systems that can augment and/or replace today's conventional methods to gain orbit. Most 'concept' depictions of these show a counterweight at the orbit end of the cable. Practicality demands that the 'counterweight' will most likely be an orbiting station of some sort, something Bigelow Aerospace or a company like the hotel chain Budget Suites of America will be keenly interested in solving. Bigelow Aerospace is a North Las Vegas Nevada space technology Startup company that is pioneering work on expandable Space station modules Budget Suites of America is a Hotel chain spanning the US states of Arizona, Nevada, and Texas owned by Robert Bigelow
External links
- Russian Space Agency (RAKA)
- Earth-to-Orbit Transportation Bibliography - the most extensive publication about novel methods of Earth-to-orbit transportation
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