Sowing is the process of planting seeds. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored

Sowing in practice

Pretreatment of seed and soil before sowing

Before sowing, certain seeds first require a treatment prior to the sowing process. This treatment may be seed scarification, stratification, seed soaking or seed cleaning with cold (or medium hot) water. Sowing is the process of planting Seeds. Sowing in practice Pretreatment of seed and soil before sowing Before sowing certain seeds first require Sowing is the process of planting Seeds. Sowing in practice Pretreatment of seed and soil before sowing Before sowing certain seeds first require Sowing is the process of planting Seeds. Sowing in practice Pretreatment of seed and soil before sowing Before sowing certain seeds first require

Seed soaking is generally done by placing seeds in medium hot water for at least 24 to up to 48 hours ^[1] Seed cleaning is done especially with fruit (as the flesh of the fruit around the seed can quickly become prone to attack from insects or plagues. ^{[2] [3]} To clean the seed, usually seed rubbings with cloth/paper is performed, sometimes assisted with a seed washing ^[4]. Sowing is the process of planting Seeds. Sowing in practice Pretreatment of seed and soil before sowing Before sowing certain seeds first require Sowing is the process of planting Seeds. Sowing in practice Pretreatment of seed and soil before sowing Before sowing certain seeds first require Seed washing is generally done by submerging cleansed seeds 20 minutes in 50° Celcius water ^[5]. This (rather hot than moderatly hot) water kills any organisms that may have survived on the skin of the seed. Especially with easily infected tropical fruit such as lychees and rambutans, seed washings with high temperature water is vital. The Lychee ( Litchi chinensis) also spelled Litchi (the US FDA spelling or Laichi and Lichu, Chinese: 荔枝 The rambutan (ramˈbut̪ɑn Nephelium lappaceum) is a medium-sized tropical Tree in the family Sapindaceae, and the fruit of this tree

In addition to the mentioned seed pretreatments, seed germination is also assisted when disease-free soil is used. Germination is the process whereby growth emerges from a period of dormancy Especially when trying to germinate difficult seed (eg certain tropical fruit), prior treatment of the soil (along with the usage of the most suitable soil; eg potting soil, prepared soil or other substrates) is vital. The two most used soil treatments are pasteurisation and sterilisation. Pasteurization is the process of heating Liquids for the purpose of destroying bacteria, Protozoa, Molds and Yeasts The process was Depending on the necessity, pasteurisation is to be preferred as this does not kill all organisms. Sterilisation can be done when trying to grow truly difficult crops. To pasturise the soil, the soil is heated for 15 minutes in an oven of 120° Celcius. ^[6]

Plants which are usually sown

Among the major field crops, oats, wheat, and rye are sowed, grasses and legumes are seeded, and maize and soybeans are planted. Oats redirects here It may mean either the common cereal oat discussed here or any cultivated or wild species of the Genus Avena. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Rye ( Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica In planting, wider rows (generally 75 cm (30 in) or more) are used, and the intent is to have precise, even spacing between individual seeds in the row; various mechanisms have been devised to count out individual seeds at exact intervals.

Sowing depth

In seeding, little if any soil is placed over the seeds. More precisely, seeds can be generally sown into the soil by maintaining a planting depth of about 2-3 times the size of the seed.

Sowing types and patterns

For hand sowing, several sowing types exist; these include ^[7]:

• Flat sowing
• Ridge sowing
• Wide bed sowing

Several patterns for sowing may be used together with these types; these include:

• Regular rows
• Rows that are intented at the even rows (so that the seeds are placed in a crossed pattern). This method is much better as more light may fall on the seedlings as they come out.

Types of sowing

Hand sowing

Hand sowing is the process of casting handfuls of seed over prepared ground: broadcasting. Usually, a drag or harrow is employed to incorporate the seed into the soil. In Agriculture, a set of harrows is an implement for cultivating the surface of the Soil. Though labor intensive for any but small areas, this method is still used in some situations. Practice is required to sow evenly and at the desired rate. A hand seeder can be used for sowing, though it is less of a help than it is for the smaller seeds of grasses and legumes. Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea

A tray used in horticulture (for sowing and taking plant cuttings)

Hand sowing may be combined with pre-sowing in seed trays. A tray is a shallow platform designed for carrying things It is larger than a Salver, a diminutive version commonly used for lighter and smaller servings and it can be fashioned This allows the plants to come to strength indoors during cold periods (eg spring in temperate countries).

In agriculture, most seed is now sown using a seed drill, which offers greater precision; seed is sown evenly and at the desired rate. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture A seed drill is a device for planting Seeds in the soil Before the introduction of the seed drill the common practice was to "broadcast" seeds by hand The drill also places the seed at a measured distance below the soil, so that less seed is required. The standard design uses a fluted feed metering system, which is volumetric in nature; individual seeds are not counted. Rows are typically about 10-30 cm apart, depending on the crop species and growing conditions. Several row opener types are used depending on soil type and local tradition. Grain drills are most often drawn by tractors, but can also be pulled by horses. A tractor is a Vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high Tractive effort at slow speeds for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Pickup trucks are sometimes used, since little draft is required.

A seed rate of about 100 kg of seed per hectare (2 bushels per acre) is typical, though rates vary considerably depending on crop species, soil conditions, and farmer's preference. Excessive rates can cause the crop to lodge, while too thin a rate will result in poor utilisation of the land, competition with weeds and a reduction in the yield. WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format

Open field

Open-field refers to the form of sowing used historically in the agricultural context whereby fields are prepared generically and left open, as the name suggests, before being sown directly with seed. In Agriculture, a field refers generally to an area of Land enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes such as Cultivating crops The seed is frequently left uncovered at the surface of the soil before germinating and therefore exposed to the prevailing climate and conditions. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of This is in contrast to the seedbed method used more commonly in domestic gardening or more specific (modern) agricultural scenarios where the seed is applied beneath the soil surface and monitored and manually tended frequently to ensure more successful growth rates and better yields. A seedbed or seedling bed is a specially prepared box used to grow Plants in a controlled environment before transplanting them into a Garden Gardening is the practice of growing Plants for their attractive flowers or foliage and Vegetables or Fruits for consumption