| Southwark | |
| The Borough | |
  Southwark shown within Greater London |
|
| OS grid reference | |
|---|---|
| London borough | Southwark |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | London |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDON |
| Postcode district | SE1 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| European Parliament | London |
| UK Parliament | North Southwark and Bermondsey |
| London Assembly | Lambeth and Southwark |
| List of places: UK • England • London | |
Southwark or The Borough is an area of south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark, situated 1. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system The London postal district is the area in England, currently of 241 square miles to which mail addressed to the LONDON Post town is delivered UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The SE (South Eastern postcode area, also known as the London SE postcode area, is the part of the London postal district covering much of south east London The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. "Metropolitan Police" redirects here See also Metropolitan police. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The London Fire Brigade ( LFB) is the statutory The London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (LAS is the largest "free at the point of contact" ambulance service in the world that does not directly charge its patients London is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 9 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Southwark North & Bermondsey is a Parliamentary Constituency in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was created in 1997 Greater London is divided into fourteen territorial constituencies for London Assembly elections each returning one member Lambeth and Southwark is a Constituency represented in the London Assembly. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a partial list of places in London, England See List of places in England for lists of settlements in other counties A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. 5 miles (2. 4 km) east of Charing Cross. Charing Cross is located at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street in Central London, England.
Contents |
Naming
Southwark (pronounced /ˈsʌðək/, locally also [ˈsʌvək]) is the area of London immediately south of London Bridge. London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames.
It has been called The Borough (pronounced [bʌɹə]) since the 1550s, to contrast it with the neighbouring City, in later years to distinguish it from the larger Metropolitan Borough of Southwark and now to distinguish it from the much larger London Borough of Southwark. Southwark or The Borough is an area of south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark, situated 1 A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The Metropolitan Borough of Southwark was a Metropolitan borough in the County of London. The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. The core area of the Borough is virtually coterminous with the Guildable Manor.
The Cathedral precinct and the Borough Market are often misleadingly described as being in Bankside and the Tooley Street area up to the St Saviour's Dockhead is also mistakenly described as part of Bermondsey , whereas they have always been part of Borough. Bankside is an area in Southwark, London, on the southern bank of the River Thames, situated between Blackfriars Bridge to the west and Bermondsey (ˈbɜːmənzi or /ˈbɜːməndzi/ is an area in modern London on the southern bank of the river Thames, and presently part of the London Borough
Manors, Vestries
From the Norman period manorial organisation obtained through major lay and ecclesiastic magnates. Southwark still has vestiges of this because of the connection with the City of London. In 1327 the City acquired from Edward III the original ' vill of Southwark' and this was also described as "the borough". However, even at that period the term "Southwark" was used to describe much else on the Surrey bank of the Thames. References are made to both Bermondsey and Lambeth as being "in Southwark". It seems that the informal name for the original settlement arose to avoid confusion, the earliest reference to it as 'Guildable Manor' is in 1377.
The neighbours to this were then:
(West of High Street)
Bishop of Winchester's 'Liberty of the Clink'
The Hospitaller's 'Wyldes' (later 'Paris(h) Garden')
Bermondsey Priory's (later an Abbey) 'west socne' (from taq 1550 'The King's Manor')
(East of High Street)
Archbishop of Canterbury's (from taq 1550 ' The Great Liberty ')
Bermondsey Manor
and two sub manors St Thomas (Hospital precinct); Earl de Warenne's (defunct from 1399)
In 1536 Henry VIII acquired the Bermondsey Priory properties and in 1538 that of the Archbishop. In 1550 these were sold to the City. From 1550 to 1899 it formed part of the City of London as the Ward of Bridge Without but was not included in the representative system at Guildhall. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically
However, Elizabethan Poor Laws placed statutory burdens onto Parishes and this created a civic authority which at first ran alongside and eventually displaced manorial authority which was essentially tenurial. In Southwark these parishes did not exactly coincide with the Manors:
Southwark Parishes from mediaeval period:-
St Margaret's (merged into St Saviour's 1539)
St Mary Magdalen, Southwark (merged into St Saviour's 1539)
St Olave
St George the Martyr
St Thomas (Hospital precinct)
St Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey
Civil Parishes and District Boards of Works
The process of local authority development was that secular administration in the parishes were placed into 'vestries' i. The Tabard, an Inn that stood on the east side of Borough High Street in Southwark, was established in 1307 when the abbot of Hyde purchased For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Borough Market is a Wholesale and Retail food market in Southwark, South East London, England. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Borough Market is a Wholesale and Retail food market in Southwark, South East London, England. Borough High Street is the last section of the road from Dover to London as it approaches London Bridge. e. a lay council originally meeting not in the church but in a robing room. The arrangement then became formalised when the Metropolis Management Act 1855 divided civil administration from religious (i. e. Church of England) observance and franchises. The Act created a Metropolitan Board of Works as a local government federation for what then was regarded as greater London out of parts of Middlesex, Surrey and Kent. Their previous parochial authorities were then given the status of 'Civil Parishes' out of the preceding organisations. Where the previous vestry parish was considered too small these were grouped together as 'District Boards of Works '. These sent representatives to the Metropolitan Board.
For Southwark these bodies were as follows:-
St Saviour DBW - St Saviour's and its daughter parish of Christchurch (previously ' Parish Garden) with part of St Thomas. The St Saviour's parish included ' the Clink '.
St Olave DBW - St Olave's and its daughter parish of St John, Horsleydown with part of St Thomas (Hospital precinct). In 1899 this was given the status of a 'Civil Parish'.
St George the Martyr
The neighbours to these Southwark parishes were now:- St Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey; Lambeth; St Mary, Newington (Walworth).
These and other parishes in Kent, Surrey, Middlesex and Essex were put into the new London County Council created in 1889. In 1900 the London Government Act was to merge the various Civil Parishes and DBWs into ' Metropolitan Boroughs of London ' effectively giving to the metropolitan area municipal corporations on a par with those in the provinces and the City.
The three Southwark districts and the neighbouring St Mary, Newington (Walworth) became the ' Metropolitan Borough of Southwark.
Much of the area around the Tate Modern gallery and the Globe Theatre is now referred to by the historic name of Bankside, which was part of the Liberty of the Clink, rather than 'the Borough' but was part of Southwark because within the parish of St Saviour. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, The Globe Theatre was a Theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. Bankside is an area in Southwark, London, on the southern bank of the River Thames, situated between Blackfriars Bridge to the west and
Today
In common with much of the south bank of the Thames, The Borough has seen extensive regeneration in the last decade. Declining light industry and factories have given way to residential development, shops, restaurants, galleries and bars. The area is in easy walking distance of the City and the West End. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The West End of London is an area of Central London, England, containing many of the city's major tourist attractions businesses headquarters and the commercial As such it has become a major business centre with many national and international corporations, professional practices and publishers locating to the area. These include London Bridge City, More London and the Pilar Piano Tower to be erected over London Bridge Station.
To the north is the River Thames, London Bridge station and Southwark Cathedral. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. London Bridge station is a National Rail and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark, which occupies a large area on two levels immediately Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the Borough Market is a well-developed visitor attraction and has grown in size. Borough Market is a Wholesale and Retail food market in Southwark, South East London, England. The adjacent units have been converted and form a gastronomic focus for London. Borough High Street runs roughly north to south from London Bridge towards Elephant and Castle. Borough High Street is the last section of the road from Dover to London as it approaches London Bridge. London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. The Elephant and Castle, sometimes shortened to the Elephant, is a major Road intersection in inner south London, England, and is also used as
The Borough is generally an area of mixed development, with council estates, major office developments, social housing and high value residential gated communities side by side with each other. In its modern form a gated community is a form of Residential community containing controlled entrances for Pedestrians Bicycles and Automobiles
History
Early history
Southwark is on a previously marshy area south of the River Thames. Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. Recent excavation has revealed prehistoric activity including evidence of early ploughing, burial mounds and ritual activity. A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves The area was originally a series of islands in the River Thames. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. This formed the best place to bridge the Thames and the area became an important part of Londinium owing its importance to its position as the endpoint of the Roman London Bridge. This article covers the history of London during the Roman period from around 47 AD when the Roman city of Londinium was founded London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. Two Roman roads, Stane Street and Watling Street, met at Southwark in what is now Borough High Street. The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news There are several Roman Stane Streets - see also Stane Street (St Albans Stane Street, sometimes called Stone Street (Stane is simply an Watling Street is the name given to an Ancient trackway in England and Wales that was first used by the Celts mainly between the modern Borough High Street is the last section of the road from Dover to London as it approaches London Bridge. Archaeological work at Tabard Street in 2004 discovered a plaque with the earliest reference to 'London' from the Roman period on it.
Londinium was abandoned at the end of the Roman occupation in the early fifth century and both the city and its bridge collapsed in decay. Archaeologically, evidence of settlement is replaced by a largely featureless soil called the Dark Earth which probably (although this is contested) represents an urban area abandoned. Dark Earth in Archaeology is an Archaeological horizon often as much as 2 - 3 ft (0
_by_Claes_Van_Visscher.jpg/250px-London_Bridge_(1616)_by_Claes_Van_Visscher.jpg)
Southwark appears to recover only during the time of King Alfred and his successors. London Bridge is a Bridge between the City of London and Southwark in London, England, over the River Thames. Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c Sometime in and around 886 AD the 'burh' of Southwark was created and the Roman City area reoccupied. Southwark was referred to as 'Suthringa Geweorc' in the Burghal Hidage, meaning the 'defensive works of the men of Surrey'. The Burghal Hidage is an Anglo-Saxon document providing a list of Wessex 's fortified burhs Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. [1] It was probably fortified to defend the bridge and hence the re-emerging City of London to the north. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically This defensive role is highlighted by the use of the Bridge as a defence against King Swein, his son King Cnut in 1016 by Ethelred the Unready and in 1066, against King William the Conqueror. Knut or Kanute is a Scandinavian first name of which the anglicized form is Canute. Ethelred II ( c. 968 – 23 April 1016 also known as Æthelred II, Aethelred II, Ethelred the Unready, Æthelred the Unready William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages He failed to force the Bridge during the Norman conquest of England, but Southwark was devastated. The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France.
Southwark appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Sudwerc(h) and Sudwerche. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey It was held by several Surrey manors. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. A manor house or fortified manor-house is a Country house, which has historically formed the administrative centre of a manor (see Manorialism Its domesday assets were: the defensive outpost and suburb of London on the south bank. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Bishop Odo of Bayeux held the monastery and the waterway, the St Mary Overy dock which still exists. Odo of Bayeux (c 1036 &ndash February 1097 Palermo) Norman Bishop and English earl was the half-brother of William the Conqueror, and was for This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Southwark's value to the King was £16. [2]
Much of Southwark was originally owned by the church—the greatest reminder of monastic London is Southwark Cathedral, originally the priory of St Mary Overy. Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the
During the early Middle Ages, Southwark developed and was one of the four Surrey towns which returned Members of Parliament for the first commons assembly in 1295. Southwark remained outside of the control of the City and was a haven for criminals and free traders, who would sell goods and conduct trades outside the regulation of the City Livery Companies. In 1327 the City obtained control from Edward III, of the manor next to the south-side of London Bridge (called latterly 'Guildable Manor', i. e. the place of taxes and tolls). The Livery Companies also ensured that they had jurisdiction over the area. An important market occupied the High Street, which was controlled by the City's officers—it was later removed in order to improve traffic to the Bridge, under a separate Trust by Act of Parliament of 1756 as the Borough Market on the present site. Borough Market is a Wholesale and Retail food market in Southwark, South East London, England. The high street market was established there some time in the 13th century. The area was renowned for its inns, especially The Tabard, from which Chaucer's pilgrims set off on their journey in The Canterbury Tales. The Tabard, an Inn that stood on the east side of Borough High Street in Southwark, was established in 1307 when the abbot of Hyde purchased Geoffrey Chaucer (c 1343 – 25 October 1400? was an English author poet Philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and Diplomat. The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century (two of them in Prose, the rest in verse)
Post 1500
After many decades' petitioning, in 1550, Southwark was incorporated into the City of London as 'The Ward of Bridge Without'. However, the Alderman was appointed by the Court of Aldermen and no Common Councilmen were ever elected. The Court of Aldermen is an elected body forming part of the City of London Corporation. This 'Ward' was constituted of the original 'Guildable Manor' and the properties previously held by the church, under a charter of Edward VI, latterly called the 'King's Manor' and 'Great Liberty' manor. These manors are still constituted by the City under a Bailiff and Steward with their Courts Leet and View of Frankpledge Juries and Officers which still meet - their annual assembly being held in November under the present High Steward (the Recorder of London). The Ward and Aldermanry were effectively abolished in 1978, by merging it with the Ward of Bridge. These manorial courts were preserved under the Administration of Justice Act 1977. Just west of the Bridge was the 'Clink Liberty' manor, which was never controlled by the City, technically held under the Bishopric of Winchester's nominal authority. The Liberty of the Clink was an area in Southwark, on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite the City of London. See also List of bishops of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the head of the Church of England This area therefore became the entertainment district for London, and it was also the red-light area. A red-light district is a neighborhood where Prostitution and other businesses in the Sex industry flourish In 1584 Southwark was given its first playhouse theatre, The Rose. The Rose was set up by a famous local businessman, Philip Henslowe, and it soon became a very popular place of entertainment for all classes of Londoners. Both Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare, two of the finest writers of the Elizabethan age, worked at the Rose. William Shakespeare ( baptised
In 1599, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre was erected on the Bankside in the Clink Liberty, though it burned down in 1613. The Globe Theatre was a Theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. The Globe Theatre was a Theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. Bankside is an area in Southwark, London, on the southern bank of the River Thames, situated between Blackfriars Bridge to the west and A modern replica, also called the Globe, has been built near the original site. Southwark was also a favourite area for entertainment like bull and bear-baiting. Bull-baiting is a Blood sport involving the baiting of bulls. Bear-baiting is a Blood sport involving the baiting of Bears. The impressario in the later Elizabethan period for these was Shakespeare's colleague Edward Alleyn, who left many local charitable endowments, most notably Dulwich College. Edward Alleyn (ˈælɪn ( 1 September 1566 &ndash 25 November 1626) was an English Actor who was a major figure of the Dulwich College is an independent selective fee-paying public school for boys in Dulwich, a suburb of south-east London United Kingdom
On 26 May 1676, a great fire broke out, a mere ten years after the Great Fire of London which went on for 17 hours before houses were blown up to create fire breaks. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place This article is about the Great Fire of 1666 For other great fires in London see Early fires of London or Second Great Fire of London. King Charles II and his brother the Duke of York were involved in the effort. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. For the nursery rhyme see The Grand Old Duke of York. The title Duke of York is a title of Nobility in the British Peerage [1]
There was also a famous fair in Southwark which took place near the Church of St. George the Martyr. In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox William Hogarth depicted this fair in his engraving of Southwark Fair (1733). William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic
Southwark was also the location of several prisons, including those of the Crown or 'Prerogative Courts', the Marshalsea and King's Bench prisons, that of the local manors courts e. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of The Marshalsea was a notorious prison on the south bank of the River Thames in the London borough of Southwark. The King's Bench Prison was a prison in Southwark, south London from medieval times until it closed in 1880 g. Borough Compter, The Clink, and the Surrey county gaol originally housed at the 'White Lion Inn' (also called informally the 'Borough Gaol') and eventually at Horsemonger Lane Gaol. The Borough Compter was a small Compter or debtor's Prison located in Mill Lane off Tooley Street Southwark, from the mid-16th century until 1855 The Clink was a notorious Prison in Southwark, England which functioned from the 12th century until 1780 either deriving its name Horsemonger Lane Gaol (also known as the Surrey County Gaol or the New Gaol) was a Prison located close to modern-day Newington Causeway in
One other local family is of note - the Harvards. John Harvard went to the local parish free school of St Saviour's and on to Cambridge. He migrated to the Massachusetts Colony and left his library and residue of his Will to the new college, named after him as its first benefactor. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Harvard University maintains a link, having paid for a memorial chapel within Southwark Cathedral (his family's parish church) and where their UK-based alumni hold services.
Urbanisation
In 1838 the first railway for the London area was created, planned to run from Southwark at London Bridge station to Greenwich only. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. London Bridge station is a National Rail and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark, which occupies a large area on two levels immediately
In 1861, another Great Fire of Southwark destroyed a large number of buildings between Tooley Street and the Thames, including those around Hays Wharf, where Hays Galleria was later built, and blocks to the west almost as far as St Olave's Church.
The first deep level London 'tube' underground line was 'The City and South London Railway', now the City Branch of the Northern Line, opened in 1890, running from King William Street through Borough to Kennington. The Northern line is a deep-level tube line on the London Underground, coloured black on the Tube map. King William Street was the original but short-lived northern terminus of the City & South London Railway (C&SLR the first deep tube underground railway in London and one of Borough tube station is a London Underground station in The Borough, London Borough of Southwark. Kennington tube station is a London Underground station in Kennington, on both the Charing Cross and Bank branches of the Northern Line Southwark, since 1999, is also now serviced by Southwark and London Bridge stations on the Jubilee Line. Southwark tube station is a London Underground station on the corner of Blackfriars Road and The Cut in the London Borough of Southwark. The Jubilee line is a line on the London Underground ("the Tube" in the United Kingdom.
Having been part of Surrey, Southwark became part of the County of London in 1889. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 In 1900 it was incorporated along with St Mary, Newington alias Walworth into the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark, and in 1965 this was in turn incorporated with the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell and Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey into the London Borough of Southwark. Newington is an area within the London Borough of Southwark in London, England. Walworth is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Southwark. The Metropolitan Borough of Southwark was a Metropolitan borough in the County of London. The Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell was a Metropolitan borough in the County of London. The Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey was a Metropolitan borough in the County of London, created in 1900 by the London Government Act 1899. The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England.
References
- ^ p31, Inwood, Stephen, A History of London (1998, Macmillan) ISBN 0-333-67154-6
- ^ Surrey Domesday Book
External links
Town Crier Borough of Southwark {Peter Moore} www. thevoiceoflondon. co. uk
- London Borough of Southwark
- Anchor Brewery
- Arts and Entertainment
- Henry Thrale was Member of Parliament for Southwark between 1765 - 1780
- Southwark and the Crossbones Graveyard - from Blather.net
- Southwark and William Shakespeare
- Southwark Cathedral
- Take me to the Southwark Fair: William Hogarth's Snapshot of the Life and Times of England's Migrating Early 18th Century Poor
- Rose Theatre
- Labour in Southwark
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic