| Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589) |
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Northern Wei |
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The Southern dynasties 南朝 (nanchao in pinyin: nán cháo) include Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty whose capital were largely all at Jiankang (although the Southern Qi capital was briefly at Jiangling during the reign of Emperor He of Southern Qi), and Emperor Yuan of Liang, as well as the later Western Liang emperors (Emperor Xuan, Emperor Ming, and Emperor Jing), also set their capital at Jiangling, and Xiao Zhuang, who is considered by some historians to be a Liang Dynasty emperor, had his capital at Yingcheng (郢城, in modern Wuhan, Hubei). This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Events By Place Europe Pharamond leads the Franks across the Rhine. Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen The Northern Dynasties (北朝 běi cháo included Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China The Southern Qi Dynasty 齊朝 ( Pinyin: Qí cháo ( 479 - 502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Liang Dynasty ( 梁[[wikt 朝|朝]] Pinyin: Liáng cháo (502-557 also known as Southern Liang Dynasty (南梁 was the third of Southern dynasties Chen Dynasty (陳朝 ( Pinyin: Chén cháo (557-589 was the fourth and the last of the Southern dynasties in China, eventually destroyed by the Sui The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 Pinyin: běi wèi 386 - 534) also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏 Later Wei (後魏 or The Eastern Wei Dynasty (Chinese 東魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 534 to 550. The Western Wèi Dynasty (Chinese西魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 535 to 556. The Northern Qi Dynasty (Chinese 北齊 Běiqí was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577. The Northern Zhou Dynasty (Chinese北周 followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China The Southern Qi Dynasty 齊朝 ( Pinyin: Qí cháo ( 479 - 502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Liang Dynasty ( 梁[[wikt 朝|朝]] Pinyin: Liáng cháo (502-557 also known as Southern Liang Dynasty (南梁 was the third of Southern dynasties Chen Dynasty (陳朝 ( Pinyin: Chén cháo (557-589 was the fourth and the last of the Southern dynasties in China, eventually destroyed by the Sui Jiankang (建康城 in Pinyin: Jiànkāng chéng formerly known as Jianye (建業 Jiànyè until Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 – 420 was an ancient city in Background Xiao Baorong was born in 488 when his father Xiao Luan was the Marquess of Xichang and a mid-high level official under Emperor Wu, a cousin of Xiao Background Xiao Yi was born in 508 as the seventh son of the dynasty founder Emperor Wu. Early life Xiao Cha was born in 519 as the third son of Xiao Tong, then the Crown prince to Liang Dynasty 's founder Emperor Wu. Background Xiao Kui was born in 542 during the reign of his great-grandfather Emperor Wu of Liang. Background It is not known when Xiao Cong was born and his mother's name is also lost in history Early life Xiao Zhuang was born in 548 as the son of Xiao Fangdeng (蕭方等 the oldest son and Heir apparent of Xiao Yi the Prince of Xiangdong ( is the capital of Hubei province and is the most populous city in central People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China.
| Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) | Born Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Song Dynasty (420-479) | |||
| Convention: Song + posthumous name, sometimes except Liu Yu who was referred using personal name. A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death A Chinese era name ( is the Era name, reign period or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China | |||
| Wu Di (武帝 wu3 jing4 di4) | Liu Yu (劉裕 liu3 yu4) | 420-422 | Yongchu (永初 yong3 chu1) 420-422 |
| Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) | Liu Yi Fu (劉義符 liu3 yi4 fu2) | 423-424 | Jingping (景平 jing3 ping2) 423-424 |
| Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) | Liu Yi Long (劉義隆 liu3 yi4 long2) | 424-453 | Yuanjia (元嘉 yaun2 jia1) 424-453 |
| Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4) | Liu Jun (劉駿 liu3 jun4) | 454-464 | Xiaojian (元嘉 xiao1 jian4) 454-456 Daming (大明 da4 ming2) 457-464 |
| Qian Fei Di (前廢帝 qian2 fei4 di4) | Liu Zi Ye (劉子業 liu3 zi5 ye4) | 465 | Yongguang (永光 yong3 guang1) 465 Jinghe (景和 jing3 he2) 465 |
| Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) | Liu Yu (劉彧 liu3 yu4) | 465-472 | Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 465-471 Taiyu (泰豫 tai4 yu4) 472 |
| Hou Fei Di (後廢帝 hou4 fei4 di4 or Cang Wu Wang (蒼梧王 cang1 wu2 wang2) | Liu Yu (劉昱 liu3 yu4) | 473-477 | Yuanhui (元徽 yuan2 hui1) 473-477 |
| Shun Di (順帝 shun4 di4) | Liu Zhun (劉準 liu3 zhun3) | 477-479 | Shengming (昇明 sheng1 ming2) 477-479 |
| Qi Dynasty 479-502 | |||
| Convention: Qi + posthumous name | |||
| Gao Di (高帝 gao1 di4) | Xiao Dao Cheng (蕭道成 xiao1 dao4 cheng2) | 479-482 | Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 479-482 |
| Wu Di (武帝 wu3 jing4 di4) | Xiao Ze (蕭賾 xiao1 ze2) | 483-493 | Yongming (永明 yong3 ming2) 483-493 |
| Yu Lin Wang (鬱林王 yu4 lin2 wang2) | Xiao Zhaoye (蕭昭業 xiao1 zhao1 ye4) | 494 | Longchang (隆昌 long2 chang1) 494 |
| Hai Ling Wang (海陵王 hai3 ling2 wang2) | Xiao Zhaowen (蕭昭文 xiao1 zhao1 wen2) | 494 | Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 494 |
| Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) | Xiao Luan (蕭鸞 xiao1 luan2) | 494-498 | Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 494-498 Yongtai (永泰 yong3 tai4) 498 |
| Dong Hun Hou (東昏侯 dong1 hun1 hou2) | Xiao Baojuan (蕭寶卷 xiao1 bao3 juan3) | 499-501 | Yongyuan (永元 yong3 yuan2) 499-501 |
| He Di (和帝 he2 di4) | Xiao Bao Rong (蕭寶融 xiao1 bao3 rong2) | 501-502 | Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 501-502 |
| Liang Dynasty 502-557 | |||
| Convention: Liang + posthumous name | |||
| Wu Di (武帝 wu3 jing4 di4) | Xiao Yan (蕭衍 xiao1 yan3) | 502-549 | Tianjian (天監 tian1 jian1) 502-519 Putong (普通 pu3 tong1) 520-527 Datong (大通 da4 tong1) 527-529 Zhongdatong (中大通 zhong1 da4 tong1) 529-534 Datong (大同 da4 tong2) 535-546 Zhongdatong (中大同 zhong1 da4 tong2) 546-547 Taiqing (太清 tai4 qing1) 547-549 |
| Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4) | Xiao Gang (蕭綱 xiao1 gang1) | 549-551 | Dabao (大寶 da4 bao3) 550-551 |
| Yu Zhang Wang (豫章王 yu4 zhang1 wang2) | Xiao Dong (蕭棟 xiao1 dong4) | 551-552 | Tianzheng (天正 tian1 zheng4) 551-552 |
| Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) | Xiao Yi (蕭繹 xiao1 yi4) | 552-555 | Chengsheng (承聖 cheng2 sheng4) 552-555 |
| Zhen Yang Hou (貞陽侯 zhen1 yang2 hou2) | Xiao Yuan Ming (蕭淵明 xiao1 yuan1 ming2) | 555 | Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 555 |
| Jing Di (敬帝 jing4 di4) | Xiao Fang Zhi (蕭方智 xiao1 fang1 zhi4) | 555-557 | Shaotai (紹泰 shao4 tai4) 555-556 Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 556-557 |
| Chen Dynasty 557-589 | |||
| Convention: Chen + posthumous name | |||
| Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) | Chen Ba Xian (陳霸先 chen2 ba4 xian1) | 557-559 | Yongding (永定 yong3 ding4) 557-559 |
| Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) | Chen Qian (陳蒨 chen2 qian4) | 560-566 | Tianjia (天嘉 tian1 jia1) 560-566 Tiankang (天康 tian1 kang1) 566 |
| Fei Di (廢帝 fei4 di4) | Chen Bo Zong (陳伯宗 chen2 bo2 zong1) | 567-568 | Guangda (光大 guang1 da4) 567-568 |
| Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) | Chen Xu (陳頊 chen2 xu1) | 569-582 | Taijian (太建 tai4 jian4) 569-582 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) | Chen Shu Bao (陳叔寶 chen2 shu2 bao3) | 583-589 | Zhide (至德 zhi4 de2) 583-586 Zhenming (禎明 zhen1 ming2) 587-589 |
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miào hào) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nián Hào 年號) and their relevant range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: Nan Liang + posthumous name | ||||
| Note: some historians set Nan Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by descendants of the Xiao's, the ruling family of the Liang Dynasty. Events By Place Europe Pharamond leads the Franks across the Rhine. Events By Topic Religion September 10 — Pope Celestine I succeeds Pope Boniface I as the Events By Place Europe Pharamond leads the Franks across the Rhine. Events By Topic Religion September 10 — Pope Celestine I succeeds Pope Boniface I as the Events By Place Western Roman Empire On the death of Honorius, Joannes, a primicerius notariorum Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Future Emperor Valentinian III is appointed Caesar. Events By Place Western Roman Empire On the death of Honorius, Joannes, a primicerius notariorum Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Future Emperor Valentinian III is appointed Caesar. Early life Liu Yilong was born at Jingkou (京口 in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) in 407 to Liu Yu and his Concubine Hu Dao'an (胡道安 as Liu Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Future Emperor Valentinian III is appointed Caesar. Events By Place Europe Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Future Emperor Valentinian III is appointed Caesar. Events By Place Europe Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths. Events By Place Western Roman Empire September 21 — During a meeting in his throne room in Ravenna, Emperor Valentinian Events By place Eastern Roman Empire Olybrius becomes a Consul in Constantinople. Events By Place Western Roman Empire September 21 — During a meeting in his throne room in Ravenna, Emperor Valentinian Events By Place Western Roman Empire Capua is destroyed by the Vandals. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Majorian is declared emperor by Ricimer. Events By place Eastern Roman Empire Olybrius becomes a Consul in Constantinople. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Basiliscus becomes a Consul in the Eastern Roman Empire. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Basiliscus becomes a Consul in the Eastern Roman Empire. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Basiliscus becomes a Consul in the Eastern Roman Empire. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Basiliscus becomes a Consul in the Eastern Roman Empire. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Relations between Emperor Anthemius and general Ricimer deteriorate completely Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Basiliscus becomes a Consul in the Eastern Roman Empire. Events By Place Asia Xiao Wen Di succeeds Xian Wen Di as ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Relations between Emperor Anthemius and general Ricimer deteriorate completely Events By Place Western Roman Empire Glycerius is named Emperor Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Western Roman Empire Glycerius is named Emperor Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Background Xiao Daocheng was born in 427 His ancestors traced their line to the famed Han Dynasty prime minister Xiao He, and if their records were accurate Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine emperor Zeno I issues the Henotikon, an attempt to reconcile Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine emperor Zeno I issues the Henotikon, an attempt to reconcile Background Xiao Ze was born in the Liu Song capital Jiankang in 440 when his father Xiao Daocheng was just 13 years old Events By Place Byzantine Empire Due to Zeno I 's Monophysite sympathies general Illus and Verina, mother-in-law Events By Place Europe February 25 — Odoacer agrees to a mediated peace with Theodoric the Great, and is later killed Events By Place Byzantine Empire Due to Zeno I 's Monophysite sympathies general Illus and Verina, mother-in-law Events By Place Europe February 25 — Odoacer agrees to a mediated peace with Theodoric the Great, and is later killed Background Xiao Zhaoye was born in 473 when his great-grandfather Xiao Daocheng was a Liu Song general Events By Place Byzantine Empire An earthquake devastates Latakia. Events By Place Byzantine Empire An earthquake devastates Latakia. 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Background Xiao Baorong was born in 488 when his father Xiao Luan was the Marquess of Xichang and a mid-high level official under Emperor Wu, a cousin of Xiao Events By Place Asia Qi He Di succeeds Qi Dong Hun Hou as ruler of the Chinese Southern Qi Dynasty. Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Events By Place Asia Qi He Di succeeds Qi Dong Hun Hou as ruler of the Chinese Southern Qi Dynasty. Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Events By Place Asia The Northern Zhou Dynasty begins in northern China; its first ruler is Northern Zhou Xiao Min Di Background Xiao Yan was born in 464 during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song. Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Ostrogoths under Totila recapture Rome. Area code of northern central Kentucky, including Louisville (see Area code 502) Events By Place Byzantine Empire Events By Place Europe Cerdic becomes king of Wessex. The Synagogues of Ravenna are Events By Place Europe Ostrogothic ruler Theodoric the Great builds the Mausoleum of Theodoric as his future For the political lobbying groups see 527 groups Events By Place Byzantine Empire April 1 — Byzantine For the political lobbying groups see 527 groups Events By Place Byzantine Empire April 1 — Byzantine Events By Place Byzantine Empire April 7 — The first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Events By Place Byzantine Empire April 7 — The first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Events By Place Byzantine Empire January 1 — Decimus Theodorius Paulinus is appointed Consul (the last to hold this Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian I orders Belisarius to start the reconquest of Italy; Mundus Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 17 — The Ostrogoths under Totila retake Rome, bribing Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 17 — The Ostrogoths under Totila retake Rome, bribing Events By Place Europe Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia at Bamburgh (traditional date Events By Place Europe Ida founds the kingdom of Bernicia at Bamburgh (traditional date Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Ostrogoths under Totila recapture Rome. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Ostrogoths under Totila recapture Rome. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Beirut is destroyed by an Earthquake and Tsunami. Events By place Byzantine Empire January 16 — Gothic War (535–552: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila Events By Place Byzantine Empire Beirut is destroyed by an Earthquake and Tsunami. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Beirut is destroyed by an Earthquake and Tsunami. Events By Place Europe Battle of Asfeld: Longobards under king Audoin defeat the Gepids. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Beirut is destroyed by an Earthquake and Tsunami. Events By Place Europe Battle of Asfeld: Longobards under king Audoin defeat the Gepids. Events By Place Europe Battle of Asfeld: Longobards under king Audoin defeat the Gepids. Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. Events By Place Europe Battle of Asfeld: Longobards under king Audoin defeat the Gepids. Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. Events By Place Asia The Northern Zhou Dynasty begins in northern China; its first ruler is Northern Zhou Xiao Min Di Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. 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Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Bulgars and Huns Events By Place Asia The Northern Zhou Dynasty begins in northern China; its first ruler is Northern Zhou Xiao Min Di For the North American area code see Area code 559. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Bulgars and Huns During Liang Dynasty Chen Qian was born in 522 as the oldest son of Chen Daotan (陳道譚 a commander of the Liang Dynasty palace guards Events By Place Europe Ceawlin of Wessex becomes King of Wessex (traditional date Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Emperor Gaozu of Tang Events By Place Europe Ceawlin of Wessex becomes King of Wessex (traditional date Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Emperor Gaozu of Tang Events Births Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad Emperor Gaozu of Tang Events By Place Europe Liuva I succeeds Athanagild as king of the Visigoths. Events By Place Europe April 1 — King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy refugees fleeing from them go on Events By Place Europe Liuva I succeeds Athanagild as king of the Visigoths. Events By Place Europe April 1 — King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy refugees fleeing from them go on Events By Place Byzantine Empire The King of the Garamantes signs a peace treaty with Byzantium. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Maurice succeeds Tiberius II Constantine as Emperor Events By Place Byzantine Empire The King of the Garamantes signs a peace treaty with Byzantium. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Maurice succeeds Tiberius II Constantine as Emperor Events By Place Byzantine Empire April — Fire devastates Constantinople. Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St Events By Place Byzantine Empire April — Fire devastates Constantinople. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Vlachs are first mentioned in a Byzantine chronicle For the processor see NexGen Nx587. Events By Place Europe Sledda becomes king of Essex Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St Events By Place Byzantine Empire An Earthquake devastates Latakia. For the processor see NexGen Nx587. Events By Place Europe Sledda becomes king of Essex Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean ( Goryeo and Joseon periods and Vietnamese (such dynasties as A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death | ||||
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1) | Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) | Xiao Cha (蕭察 xiao1 cha2) | 555-562 | Dading (大定 da4 ding4) 555-562 |
| Shi Zong (世4宗 zhong1 zong1) | Xiao Ming Di (孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4) | Xiao Kui (蕭巋 xiao1 kui1) | 562-585 | Tianbao (天保 tian1 bao3) 562-585 |
| Did not exist | Xiao Jing Di (孝靜帝 xiao4 jing4 di4) or Ju Gong (#33682;公 ju3 gong1) |
Xiao Cong (蕭琮 xiao1 cong2) | 585-587 | Guangyun (廣運 guang3 yun4) 562-585 |