City of Southampton
The Bargate, Southampton
Southampton shown within England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	South East England
Ceremonial county	Hampshire
Admin HQ	Southampton
Settled	Circa AD43
City Status	1964
Unitary Authority	1997
Government
- Type	Unitary authority, City
- Governing body	Southampton City Council
- Leadership	Leader & Cabinet
- Executive	Conservative
- MPs	John Denham (L) Sandra Gidley (LD) Alan Whitehead (L)
Area
- Unitary & City	Southampton is the largest city on the south coast sq mi (51. The Bargate is a building in the city centre of Southampton, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England The pattern of local government in England is complex with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons John Yorke Denham (born 15 July 1953) British Politician, Labour Member of Parliament for Southampton Itchen The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Sandra Julia Gidley (born 26 March 1957) is a Liberal Democrat politician in the United Kingdom. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Alan Patrick Vincent Whitehead (born 15 September 1950 Isleworth) is the Labour Member of Parliament for Southampton Test. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 47 km²)
Population (2007 est)
- Unitary & City	228,600 (Ranked 48)
- Density	11,535. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The figures are mid-year estimates for 2007 from the Office for National Statistics. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi (4,454/km²)
- Urban	304,400 (Southampton Urban Area)
- Metro	1,000,000
- County	1,691,000 (Hampshire)
- Ethnicity (United Kingdom 2005 Estimate) [1]	89. The Southampton Urban Area or Greater Southampton is an unofficial term for the Conurbation surrounding Southampton in Hampshire, England A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain 4% White 4. 6% S. Asian 1. 8% Black. 2. 5% Chinese or other 1. 8% Mixed Race
Time zone	Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
- Summer (DST)	British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Postcode span	SO14-SO19
Area code(s)	023
Grid Ref.	SU 42 11
ONS code	00MS
Website: www.southampton.gov.uk/

Southampton (pronunciation (help·info); IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/) is the largest city on the south coast of England. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Coordinated Universal Time, the basis for the world's civil time frequently referred to by the name of its predecessor Greenwich Mean Time Western Daylight saving time ( DST Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Southampton postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Alresford, Brockenhurst, Eastleigh, Lymington A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[2]

It is in the county of Hampshire and is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The New Forest is an area of southern England which includes the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land heathland and Forest in the heavily-populated The city lies roughly in the centre of the coast, at the northern-most point of Southampton Water where it is joined by the River Test and River Itchen,^[3] with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. Southampton Water is a stretch of the sea north of the Isle of Wight and the Solent, in England. The River Test is a River in Hampshire, England. The river has a total length of 40 miles (64 km and it flows through some beautiful Downland The River Itchen is a River in Hampshire, England. It flows from mid-Hampshire to join with Southampton Water in the city of Southampton The River Hamble is a River in Hampshire, England. It rises near Bishop's Waltham and flows for some 7

The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The city is part of the ceremonial county of Hampshire. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain

Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, the Ford Transit factory and one of the largest commercial ports in Europe. The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of England. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following

The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, with a population of 228,600. The Southampton Urban Area or Greater Southampton is an unofficial term for the Conurbation surrounding Southampton in Hampshire, England ^[4] The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian. ^[5]

Southampton is noted for being the home of the RMS Titanic,^[6] the Spitfire^[7] and more recently a number of the largest cruise liners in the world. Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[8][9]

Contents 1 History (overview) 2 Government 3 Geography and climate 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Culture, media and sport 6.1 Culture 6.2 Media 6.3 Sport 7 Crime 8 Education 9 Transport 10 Areas and suburbs 11 Notable people 12 Twinning 13 References 14 External links

History (overview)

Southampton's history is very long and very complicated. This section is an overview. For fuller details see

Main article: History of Southampton

Archeological finds show that Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements once existed within the area that is now the modern City of Southampton^[10]. Southampton is a city in Hampshire, England. The area has been settled since the stone age The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man.

Archeology also shows that the Romans established a settlement shortly after their invasion of Britain in AD 43^[10] and that there was a Roman Road linking to Wickham, Portchester and Chichester^[11]. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news It was an important trading port, generally^[11] agreed to be Clausentum^[10][11]. This site is at the modern Bitterne Manor^[10]. Bitterne Manor is a suburb of Southampton surrounding the Manor house of the same name The Romans abandoned this settlement circa 410^[10]

The Anglo-Saxons then formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred around what is now the St Mary's area. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south The River Itchen is a River in Hampshire, England. It flows from mid-Hampshire to join with Southampton Water in the city of Southampton The settlement was known as Hamwic,^[10] which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. ^[12]. Archeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artifacts in Europe. ^[10] Viking raids from 840AD onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century,^[13] and by the 10th century, a fortified settlement, which became Medieval Southampton had been established^[14]

Following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Southampton became the major port of transit between Winchester (then the capital of England) and Normandy. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century^[11] and by the 13th century, Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the trade of French Wine^[15] in exchange for English cloth and wool. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species ^[16]. Surviving remains of 12th Century merchants houses such as King Johns House and Canutes Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time^[17]

The town was sacked in 1338 by the French. The English Channel naval campaign of the years 1338 and 1339 saw a protracted series of raids conducted by the nascent French navy and numerous privately owned raiders and pirates against After this attack, the city's walls were extensively added to and reinforced. ^[18] The walls were finally completed in the 15th century. ^[19]Increasing Traffic congestion in the 1920's led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938^[11], but a large portion of the walls remain standing today.

In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton^[20]

During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Henry V famous warship Grace Dieu was built in Southampton^[11]. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton^[11], building and repairing many ships used in the two World Wars^[11]. John I Thornycroft & Company Limited, usually known simply as Thornycroft was a British Shipbuilding firm started by John Isaac Thornycroft

In 1415, immediately prior to King Henry V of England's departure from Southampton to the Battle of Agincourt, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot" were tried and found guilty of high treason and executed outside the Bargate. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. The Southampton Plot of 1415 was a conspiracy against Henry V of England, aimed at replacing him with Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March. The Bargate is a building in the city centre of Southampton, England.

Development of several new castles along Southampton Water and the Solent, by Henry VIII approx 1540, meant that Southampton was no longer so dependent upon its fortifications^[21]

Southampton became a Spa Town in 1740^[22]. It was also a popular site for Sea Bathing by the 1760s^[23], despite the lack of a good quality beach^[23]. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay^[23], with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide^[23].

For centuries, the only crossings of the river Itchen in this area were at Mansbridge, some distance upstream of Southampton, and at Itchen Ferry village^[11]. Itchen Ferry village was a small hamlet on the East bank of the River Itchen in Hampshire. A toll bridge was opened at Northam in September 1799^[11], connecting the town to Portsmouth via another toll bridge built at Bursledon^[11]. Bursledon is a Village on the River Hamble in Hampshire, England. The Floating Bridge also connected Southampton to Woolston and Portsmouth on the east bank of the River Itchen in 1836^[11]. FloatingBridge2jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Woolston ferry or 'Floating Bridge' embarking passengers on the Southampton side of the River Itchen]]The Woolston ferry, crossed the River Woolston is a district of Southampton, England, located on the eastern shore of the River Itchen. The first Cobden bridge was built in 1883^[11]

The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era^[11]. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835^[11]. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid^[11] and the first dock opened in 1842^[11]. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades^[11]. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840^[11], though it had been operating as far as Basingstoke since June 1839^[11]. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire. ^[24]

Southamptons parks and the common were designated public parks in 1844^[11].

The port was the original point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard the Mayflower in 1620. Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth The Mayflower was the famous Ship that transported the English Separatists better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England ^[25]. In 1912 the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland ^[26]. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard and their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her sister ship RMS Queen Elizabeth. Cunard may refer to Nancy Cunard (1896–1965 English writer editor and publisher Samuel Cunard (1787–1865 British shipping For use of the related term "Blue Ribbon" see Blue ribbon (disambiguation. Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the Flying boats of Imperial Airways^[11]. A flying boat is a specialised form of Aircraft that is designed to take off from and land on water using its Fuselage as a floating hull. Imperial Airways was the early British commercial long range air transport company operating from 1924 to 1939 and serving parts of Europe but especially the Empire routes to Southampton Container terminal first opened in 1968^[11] and has continued to expand.

Southampton was No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War^[11] and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs^[11]. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy winning seaplanes of the 1920's and 30's. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Coupe d'Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider " (commonly called Schneider Trophy, or prize or cup was a prize competition for Seaplanes Announced by A seaplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing (alighting on water World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. Heavy bombing of the Supermarine factory in September 1940 destroyed the factory and many homes in the vicinity, killing many civilians and workers. Supermarine was a British aircraft manufacturer that become famous for producing a range of sea planes and the legendary Supermarine Spitfire fighter The port of Southampton and the surrounding area were subsequently central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944^[11]. Many components for Mulberry Harbour were built here^[11]. A Mulberry harbour was a type of temporary Harbour developed in World War II to offload cargo on the beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled a large amount of miltary cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied ^[11]. D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote The last air raid was on 5th November 1944^[27]

Southampton has been extensively re-developed since World-War II^[11], to a development plan approved in November 1956^[11]. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including One of the last acts of Southampton Borough Council, prior to Local Government reorganisation in 1974, was to award a contract to build the Itchen Bridge^[11]. The Itchen Bridge is a Bridge over the River Itchen in Southampton, Hampshire. The bridge opened in 1977^[11]

A Royal Charter in 1952^[11], upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton^[11]. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964^[11].

Government

Southampton used to be a County Borough within the county of Hampshire, which in the past was known as the County of Southampton^[28] or Southamptonshire. The Civic Centre in Southampton is the home of Southampton City Council. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City The counties of England are territorial divisions of England for the purposes of administrative political and geographical demarcation Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain ^[29] This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. However, the city became independent administratively from that county as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government re-organisation on 1 April 1997 - a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Local Government Commission for England was the body responsible for reviewing the structure of local government in England from 1992 to 2002 The district remains part of the Hampshire ceremonial county. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies

Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors elected by thirds. After the 2007 local council elections on 3 May 2007 the Council was split with 18 seats each to the Labour and the Conservative Party, each having gained two, and 12 to the Liberal Democrats. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The Conservatives took control in May 2007, after a Liberal Democrat resigned from her group to become an independent and voted for the Conservative leader Alec Samuels. During the budget setting meeting on 20 February 2008, a no confidence motion was passed and Labour and the Liberal Democrats formed a coalition. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

In the local elections on 1 May 2008, the Conservatives took overall control of Southampton, winning 15 of the 17 seats being contested. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Both the Labour and Liberal Democrat leaders lost their seats to young Conservative challengers.

There are three members of parliament for the city: Rt Hon John Denham (Labour) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency for the east of the city, Dr Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test which covers the west of the city, and Sandra Gidley (Liberal Democrat) for Romsey, which includes a northern portion of the city. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. John Yorke Denham (born 15 July 1953) British Politician, Labour Member of Parliament for Southampton Itchen Southampton Itchen is a parliamentary constituency which returns one Member of Parliament (MP to the British House of Commons. Alan Patrick Vincent Whitehead (born 15 September 1950 Isleworth) is the Labour Member of Parliament for Southampton Test. Southampton Test is a Borough constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Sandra Julia Gidley (born 26 March 1957) is a Liberal Democrat politician in the United Kingdom. Romsey is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Boundary Commission for England has created the new constituency of Romsey and Southampton North, by enlarging the current Romsey one. The new boundaries encompass the unitary authority wards of Bassett and Swaythling. Bassett is a Suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Swaythling was once a Village but over the years it has gradually become a suburb and Electoral ward of Southampton in Hampshire, England It will be in place in time for the 2009 or 2010 General Election.

Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary, its fire service by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service and the ambulance service by the South Central Ambulance Service. Hampshire Constabulary is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in southern England Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service is the Statutory fire and rescue service for the area of Hampshire, on the south Coast of England The South Central Ambulance Service NHS Trust is the authority responsible for providing NHS Ambulance services in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Police stations within the city boundaries can be found in Portswood, Bitterne, and Shirley, as well as at the Civic Centre in the city centre. Portswood is a Suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Bitterne is an eastern suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Shirley is a district on the Western side of Southampton, England. Southampton City Centre is the commercial and organisational centre of the City of Southampton, and the transport hub of the city Fire stations are located in St Mary's, Sholing and Redbridge. St Mary's is an area of Southampton in England. It consists of two areas separated by Six Dials junction Sholing, previously Scholing is a district on the eastern side of the city of Southampton in southern England. Redbridge is a ward with a population of 14432|-| hreodford| 890| The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Rodbrige within the Manebrige

Geography and climate

The geography of Southampton is very much influenced by the sea and rivers. The city sits at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deepwater estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Southampton Water is a stretch of the sea north of the Isle of Wight and the Solent, in England. A ria is a Landform, often referred to as a drowned river valley. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. ^[30] The Test - which has saltmarsh that make it ideal for Salmon fishing^[31] - runs along the Western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two - east and west. The city centre is located on the peninsula between the two rivers.

Much of the Waterfront has been reclaimed over the years, mainly for use as the Western Docks. ^[32] Most of the land used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water,^[33] to ensure that the port can continue to handle some of the largest ships in the world. The shape of the coastline gives rise to a natural phenomena in Southampton, known as the double tide. ^[34] This gives the port a much longer high tide period than other ports, making the movement of large ships easier. ^[35][36]

The city itself lies in the Hampshire Basin, which sits atop large amounts of chalk beds. The Hampshire Basin is a Geological Syncline in Southern England underlying parts of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Dorset ^[37]

Weather averages for Southampton, England, UK
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °C (°F)	8 (46)	8 (46)	10 (50)	13 (55)	16 (61)	19 (67)	22 (71)	21 (70)	19 (66)	15 (59)	11 (51)	9 (48)
Average low °C (°F)	1 (34)	1 (34)	2 (36)	3 (38)	7 (44)	9 (49)	11 (52)	11 (52)	9 (48)	7 (44)	3 (38)	2 (35)
Precipitation mm (inches)	88. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 9 (3. 50)	61 (2. 40)	66 (2. 60)	48. 3 (1. 90)	55. 9 (2. 20)	53. 3 (2. 10)	40. 6 (1. 60)	55. 9 (2. 20)	66 (2. 60)	78. 7 (3. 10)	83. 8 (3. 30)	88. 9 (3. 50)
Source: Weather. com [38] 2007-08-03

Demographics

As is the case with most large towns in the UK, Southampton has a diverse range of cultures and ethnic groups, which make up the estimated 228,600 people living within the city boundary. There is a large Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000, or 1 in every 10 of the total population. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. ^[39] Southampton also has large Asian and Irish communities. At the 2001 Census, 92. During 2001 population Censuses were conducted in Australia: See Census in Australia Austria: See Demographics of Austria 4 per cent of the city's populace were white – including one per cent white Irish – 3. 8 per cent were South Asian, 1. 0 per cent Black, 1. 3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1. 5 per cent were of mixed race. ^[40]

In total, there are 112,400 males within the city and 109,500 females. ^[41] The 20-24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 28,100 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25-29 range with 20,500 people and then 30-34 years with 17,000. ^[42] By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth. Urban Economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas As such it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime education public transit housing South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London.

Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4. 9 per cent - the tenth biggest increase in England. ^[43] In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. ^[44] Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents. ^[45] The highest increases are expected among the elderly. ^[46]

Economy

There are currently 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seekers allowance, approximately 2. 4 per cent of the city's population, as of March 2007. ^[47] This compares with an average of 2. 5 per cent for England as a whole. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

As of June 2006, 74. 7 per cent of the city's population are classed as economically active. ^[48]

Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16. 2 percent. ^[49] Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18. 5 per cent. ^[50]

As of January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East. ^[51]

Southampton has always been strongly connected with maritime history and developments, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. In particular, it is a primary port for cruise ships, its heyday being the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Today it remains home to many luxury liners, as well as being the largest freight port on the Channel coast, with several container terminals. Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers Unlike many other ports, such as Liverpool, London, and Bristol, where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for redevelopment, Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Part of the docks have been redeveloped, however as the Ocean Village development, a local marina and entertainment complex. Ocean Village is a marina residential and leisure development on the River Itchen in Southampton on the south coast of England For other uses of this word see Marina (disambiguation. A marina is a sheltered Harbor where Boats and Yachts Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and of the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency is a UK Executive agency working to prevent the loss of lives at sea and is responsible for implementing British and International The Marine Accident Investigation Branch is a United Kingdom government agency headed by the Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents currently Stephen Meyer who retired from the

During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and automobile manufacture, cables, electrical-engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now sit alongside the city's traditional industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing. ^[52]

Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to half a million people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than three million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House. Southampton General Hospital is a large District General Hospital (DGH in Southampton, England, operated by the Southampton University Hospitals NHS

Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters are in the city. Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton. The Lloyd's Register Group is a maritime Classification society and independent risk management organisation providing risk assessment and mitigation services ^[53] The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured. Swaythling was once a Village but over the years it has gradually become a suburb and Electoral ward of Southampton in Hampshire, England Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following The Ford Transit is a range of Panel vans minibuses and pickup trucks produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe.

Southampton's largest retail centre is the West Quay Shopping Centre. WestQuay is a Shopping centre in Southampton, England. WestQuay has an area of of retail space (74000 m² and contains around a hundred Opened in September 2000 and hosting major High Street brands it is one of the largest in the country. The centre itself was phase two of the West Quay development. The first was the West Quay Retail park, while the third phase has been planned for a number of years with the latest target of work starting being 2007. The plans include building more shops, housing, offices including the headquarters for Carnival Cruises and additional leisure facilities. Carnival Cruise Lines is a Cruise line operating a large number of Cruise ships. A decision as to what leisure facilities is still to be decided, however Southampton has been granted a large casino licence^[54] and so can now add to its collection of casinos in the city.

Swedish low-cost home products retailer IKEA has been given permission to open a store in the city centre^[55][56] near West Quay. IKEA is a privately-held international home products retailer that sells flat pack Furniture, accessories bathrooms and kitchens at retail stores around the world Other major shopping areas in the city centre include The Mall Marlands, The Bargate Centre and the East Street area, which has been designated for speciality shopping, with the aim of promoting smaller retailers. The Mall Southampton, formerly known as the Marlands Shopping Centre or The Mall Marlands was opened on 5 September 1991. Overall, Southampton is ranked 13th for shopping in the UK. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[57]

Like many cities in the UK, Southampton's strong economy is promoting redevelopment, and major projects are proposed, including the city's first skyscrapers on the waterfront. The River Test is a River in Hampshire, England. The river has a total length of 40 miles (64 km and it flows through some beautiful Downland The three towers proposed will each stand 23 storeys high and will be surrounded by smaller apartment blocks, office blocks and shops. There are also plans for a 15-storey Hotel at the Ocean Village marina,^[58] and a 21-storey hotel on the north eastern corner of the city centre, as part of a £100m development. ^[59]

Another project would have been the permanent docking of the Queen Elizabeth 2 in Southampton (her home port since 1969) as a floating hotel and tourist attraction when she is retired;^[60] however, Cunard Line announced on June 18, 2007, that the ship will be sold to Dubai for those purposes. Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined Cunard Line is a British shipping company operator of the Ocean liners RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' ( QE2) RMS ''Queen Mary 2'' ( Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE ^[61]

Southampton is unique in being the only city in the UK with a geothermal power station. The station provides hot water to a city centre district heating scheme. District heating (less commonly called teleheating) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements In a recent survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon emitting cities in the United Kingdom. Greenhouse gases are gaseous constituents of the atmosphere bothnatural and anthropogenic that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared ^[62]

According to figures from 2004, Southampton contributes around £4. 2bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995. ^[63]

Culture, media and sport

Culture

The city is home to the second longest medieval walls in England that are still standing,^[64] as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House, The Maritime Museum and Solent Sky, which focuses on aviation. The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. Southampton Boat Show is an annual boat show held every September since 1969 in Southampton, Hampshire, England. ^[65] It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. ^[66] The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea. ^[67] Southampton has a vibrant nightlife, and has been voted one of the best places to live in the UK for single people aged 18 to 30, owing to its low cost of living, wide array of bars and club and cheap transport. Women voted it second best behind London, while men rated it as seventh. ^[68] Music is an important aspect of the city and there are several music venues. The city is home to R'n'B soulstar Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, and was the birthplace of comedian Benny Hill. Craig Ashley David (born 5 May 1981) is an English R&B Singer-songwriter. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again William " Will " Champion (born 31 July 1978 is the Drummer of the band Coldplay. Alfred Hawthorne Hill ( 21 January 1924 &ndash 19 April 1992) better known as Benny Hill, was a prolific English

The main theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre, which hosts a number of West End shows, such as Les Miserables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. The Mayflower is a Grade II listed Theatre in the city centre of Southampton, United Kingdom, with a capacity of 2300 Les Misérables (pronounced /le miːzeʁabl(ə translated variously from French as The Miserable Ones, The Wretched The Rocky Horror Show is a long-running British stage musical, opening in London on 19 June 1973 Chitty Chitty Bang Bang The Magical Car is a children's novel written by Ian Fleming (of James Bond fame for his son Caspar with illustrations by The city is home to several art galleries, including the council run gallery at the Civic Centre. The Civic Centre in Southampton is the home of Southampton City Council.

Media

Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre. The Southern Daily Echo is a local Newspaper that covers the area of south-central Hampshire, England, including the city of Southampton Redbridge is a ward with a population of 14432|-| hreodford| 890| The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Rodbrige within the Manebrige Southampton City Centre is the commercial and organisational centre of the City of Southampton, and the transport hub of the city From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. BBC Radio Solent is the BBC Local Radio service for the Isle of Wight and the English counties of Hampshire and Dorset The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine miles (14 km) from the city. Meridian Broadcasting (now legally known as ITV Meridian is the holder of the ITV franchise for the south and south east of England. Whiteley is a community in the County of Hampshire, England, near Fareham. Until recently, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city. Northam is a suburb of Southampton in Hampshire. On the West bank of the River Itchen, it shares borders with St Mary's Hampshire, Bitterne Commercial radio stations include Radio Hampshire - which until 2007 was run by Southampton F. Radio Hampshire is an independent local radio station for Southampton and Southern Hampshire. C. ^[69] and known as The Saint - Power FM, Ocean FM and Original 106. This article relates to the UK radio station For the Australian radio station network of the same name see Power FM Network.

Sport

Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club - nicknamed "The Saints" - who play in the Football League Championship at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated some years ago from their former location, "The Dell". Southampton Football Club is a professional English football team, nicknamed The Saints and based in the city of Southampton. The Football League Championship (often referred to as The Championship for short or the Coca-Cola Football League Championship for sponsorship reasons St Mary's Stadium is the home of Southampton FC in the city of Southampton. At grass roots level, the two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League. Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground, near the city centre. Hampshire County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket structure representing the historic county The Rose Bowl is an English Cricket Stadium used for county and One Day International matches The Parish of West End in Hampshire is situated within the borough of Eastleigh, and to the north east of the city of Southampton.

The city is famous for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas dotted around. Yachting is an activity involving boats It may be racing Sailing boats cruising to distant shores or day-sailing along a coast From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina. The Volvo Ocean Race (formerly the Whitbread Round the World Race) is a Yacht race around the world held every three years Ocean Village is a marina residential and leisure development on the River Itchen in Southampton on the south coast of England

The city also boasts the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. ^[70]

Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. Men’s Fitness is a men’s magazine published by American Media Inc The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. ^[71] In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country. ^[72] Speedway racing took place at Bannister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area. Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the U. K the Southampton Stags, a joint team between Southampton Solent University and Southampton University, that boasts 3 college bowl wins and access to some of the best facilities in the sport at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh. Southampton Solent University is a University of 17000 students based in Southampton, United Kingdom. The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of England. Eastleigh is a former Railway town in Hampshire, England, and the main town in the Eastleigh borough.

Crime

According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average. The Rose Bowl is an English Cricket Stadium used for county and One Day International matches ^[73] In the Violence against the person category, the national average is 16. 7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 38. 4 per 1000 population and in the Theft from a vehicle category, the national average is 7. 6 per 1000 compared to Southampton's 17. 4 per 1000. Overall, for every 1,000 people in the city, 102 crimes are recorded. ^[74]

Education

The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of almost 40,000. The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of England. Southampton Solent University is a University of 17000 students based in Southampton, United Kingdom. ^[75]

The University of Southampton - which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952 - is one of the top 10 research universities in the UK,^[76][77][78] and has over 22,000 students. ^[79] It is considered one of the top 80 universities in the world (Times Higher Education World Rankings 2007). It provides a wide range of services for the business community. The university has a global reputation for leading-edge research into oceanography, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation. Oceanography (from the greek words Ωκεανός meaning Ocean and γράφω meaning to write also called oceanology or Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices that source detect and control Light, usually considered a sub-field of Photonics. It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research. For the Italian Special Forces Unit also known as NOCS Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza The National Oceanography Centre Southampton The Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC) is a British research council that supports research training and Marine is an Umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the Sea or Ocean, such as Marine biology, Marine

Southampton Solent University has 17,000^[80] students and its strengths are in the training, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry. ^[81]

Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys. ^[82]

Transport

As befits Southampton's role as a major port, the city has good transport links with the rest of the country. Ocean Village is a marina residential and leisure development on the River Itchen in Southampton on the south coast of England The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The Soviet motorway M27 connects Sochi, Tbilisi, and Baku. The M27 is a Motorway in Hampshire The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, by linking to the A34 road at Winchester with the Midlands and North. The M3 motorway is a Motorway in Hampshire and Surrey, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The A34 is a major road in England. It runs from the A6042 in Salford to Winchester in Hampshire. Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre The M271 motorway is a spur of the M27, linking it with the Western Docks and city centre. The M271 is a Motorway near Southampton in Hampshire, England. The Soviet motorway M27 connects Sochi, Tbilisi, and Baku. The M27 is a Motorway in Hampshire

Southampton is also well served by the rail network, which is used by both freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. Network Rail is a British "not for dividend" Company limited by guarantee whose principal asset is Network Rail Infrastructure Limited a company limited National Rail is a brand name of the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Southampton Central railway station is a main line railway station serving the city of Southampton in Hampshire, southern England. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to destinations such as Salisbury, Bristol, and Bournemouth. History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Salisbury (ˈsɒlzbri ˈsɔːlzbri ('Solzbry' or ˈzɔːwzbri ('Zawzbry' — moving from RP to local dialect) is a cathedral city in the Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England.

Local train services operate in the central, Southern and Eastern sections of the city, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Swaythling was once a Village but over the years it has gradually become a suburb and Electoral ward of Southampton in Hampshire, England St Denys is a district of Southampton, England, approximately 3 Miles (5 Km) north of the city centre opposite Bitterne Park Millbrook is a suburb and former parish of Southampton. As the area developed several settlements grew within the parish some of them becoming parishes in their own right Redbridge is a ward with a population of 14432|-| hreodford| 890| The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Rodbrige within the Manebrige Bitterne is an eastern suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Sholing, previously Scholing is a district on the eastern side of the city of Southampton in southern England. Woolston is a district of Southampton, England, located on the eastern shore of the River Itchen.

Southampton Coach Station, which is located near the West Quay Shopping Centre, was recently refurbished and the range and frequency of services offered by National Express services make use of the new facilities. WestQuay is a Shopping centre in Southampton, England. WestQuay has an area of of retail space (74000 m² and contains around a hundred National Express Group plc ( is a UK -based Transport group with headquarters in London that operates Bus, coach, rail

Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of Southampton. Southampton Airport is the 20th largest Airport in the UK, located in Eastleigh near Southampton. Eastleigh is a former Railway town in Hampshire, England, and the main town in the Eastleigh borough. It hosts flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and a number of bus services. Southampton Airport Parkway railway station is a Railway station located in Eastleigh in the county of Hampshire in England.

Whilst Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. See also Merchant ship Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro Ships are ferries designed to carry wheeled Cargo such as A catamaran (From Tamil 'kattumaram' is a type of Multihulled Boat or Ship consisting of two hulls or vakas joined by some Cowes is an English Seaport town on the Isle of Wight, an island south of Southampton. Cowes is an English Seaport town on the Isle of Wight, an island south of Southampton. The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the Red Funnel or The Southampton Isle of Wight and South of England Royal Mail Steam Packet Co The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. Hythe Pier Hythe Pier stretches 700 Yards (640 m) from the centre of Hythe to the deep water channel of Southampton Water Hythe is a Village near Southampton, Hampshire, England. It has a small shopping area clustered around its High Street which includes a Southampton Water is a stretch of the sea north of the Isle of Wight and the Solent, in England.

Buses now provide the majority of local public transport, with significant peak hour congestion in the city. The main bus operators are First Southampton, Uni-link and Bluestar. First Hampshire & Dorset is a subsidiary bus company within FirstGroup, which operates buses and trains throughout Great Britain. Uni-link is the brand for Bus services run under contract for the University of Southampton in Southampton, Hampshire, England Bluestar is a bus company operating in central Hampshire, England. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Black Velvet, Stagecoach and Wilts and Dorset. Brijan Tours is a bus and coach company based in Curdridge, Hampshire, England. Stagecoach Group plc ( is a leading international transport group operating Bus, Train, Tram, express coach and Ferry operations Free buses are provided by City-link and City Loop. Uni-link is the brand for Bus services run under contract for the University of Southampton in Southampton, Hampshire, England ^[83] City-link runs from town quay to Southampton Central Station and is operated by Uni-link. Uni-link is the brand for Bus services run under contract for the University of Southampton in Southampton, Hampshire, England Uni-link is the brand for Bus services run under contract for the University of Southampton in Southampton, Hampshire, England ^[84] The Uni-link bus service was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide access to students who are studying at the university to all parts of the city. The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of England. The buses run from early in the morning to midnight meeting demands of students who wish to get to the city during the day and leisure places in the evening. There is also a door to door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services.

There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road, and occupy a lot of space there. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts and Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Uni-link is the brand for Bus services run under contract for the University of Southampton in Southampton, Hampshire, England Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping between Bargate and Pound tree Road. Bluestar is a bus company operating in central Hampshire, England. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. Southampton Corporation Tramways were in operation from 1879 to 1949

Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. ^[85] However a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a Marina. Now the new Ian Harold Brown car reception area fills the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be.

Areas and suburbs

See also: Category:Districts of Southampton

Southampton is subdivided into several council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas.

Southampton is named the 'Green City' as it is graced with many green spaces and parks. The largest green space is the 148 hectare Southampton Common,^[86] parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. Southampton Common is a large open space to the north of the city centre of Southampton, England. The Common includes a wildlife centre on the former site of Southampton Zoo, a swimming pool and several lakes and ponds. A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the A pond is a body of water smaller than a Lake, both being examples of Terrain features Although the term pond is universally used to describe waterbodies that

As with most cities there are several council estates such as those in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. Weston is a small suburb on the eastern side of Southampton, UK, predominantly built on the Weston Grove Estate formerly owned by the Chamberlayne family Thornhill is a suburb of Southampton, United Kingdom. Situated on the Eastern border of the City and bounded by three major roads the area is effectively an Townhill Park is a suburb of Southampton, England, bordering Swaythling, Bitterne Park and West End. Overall, the city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England. ^[87]

Subdivisions of the city include:

• Bassett, Bassett Green, Bevois Valley, Bitterne, Bitterne Park, Bitterne Manor
• City Centre, Chartwell Green, Chilworth, Coxford
• Freemantle
• Harefield, Highfield
• Lordshill, Lordswood
• Mansbridge, Maybush, Midanbury, Millbrook
• Northam, Nursling, New Town
• Ocean Village, Old Town
• Polygon, Portswood
• Redbridge, Rownhams
• Shirley, Sholing, St Denys, St. Mary's, Swaythling
• Thornhill, Townhill Park
• Weston, Woolston

During the 2006/07 financial year, 1,267 residential dwellings were built in the city - the highest number for 15 years. Bassett is a Suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Bassett Green is a suburb of Southampton, England. The area is mainly residential with a mixture of Herbert Collins -designed houses and recent Council Bevois Valley is an inner city area of Southampton, England within Bevois Electoral Ward, and includes areas called Bevois Town & Bevois Bitterne is an eastern suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Bitterne Park is a suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England, on the Eastern bank of the River Itchen, built on sloping parkland Bitterne Manor is a suburb of Southampton surrounding the Manor house of the same name Southampton City Centre is the commercial and organisational centre of the City of Southampton, and the transport hub of the city Chartwell Green is a suburb of Southampton, England, although it falls outside of the formal city boundary Chilworth is a village in Hampshire, UK, very close to the city of Southampton. Coxford is an Electoral Ward in the Unitary Authority of Southampton, England. Freemantle is a suburb and Electoral ward in Southampton, UK. Harefield is a suburb and Electoral Ward near Bitterne in Southampton, England. Highfield is a suburb of Southampton, England. The suburb is situated to the north of the city centre and is bounded by (clockwise from West Southampton Lordshill is a district in Southampton, England.In it there is Oasis Academy Lordshill, Lordshill District Centre which contains a doctor's surgery Mansbridge is a district in Southampton, England. The area is named after the Mans Bridge which spans the River Itchen. Maybush is a district in Southampton, England. Located in the western side of the city Maybush is probably most famous for the Ordnance Survey head office Midanbury is a small suburb of Southampton, England, bordering Bitterne, Bitterne Park and Townhill Park. Millbrook is a suburb and former parish of Southampton. As the area developed several settlements grew within the parish some of them becoming parishes in their own right Northam is a suburb of Southampton in Hampshire. On the West bank of the River Itchen, it shares borders with St Mary's Hampshire, Bitterne Nursling is a Village in Hampshire, England, situated about 6 kilometres north-west of the city of Southampton. Nicholstown-Newtown (usually called Nicholstown, or Newtown) is a small area to the north-east of Southampton 's city centre. Ocean Village is a marina residential and leisure development on the River Itchen in Southampton on the south coast of England Southampton City Centre is the commercial and organisational centre of the City of Southampton, and the transport hub of the city The Polygon (or simply Polygon) is an area in the City of Southampton, England. Portswood is a Suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. Redbridge is a ward with a population of 14432|-| hreodford| 890| The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Rodbrige within the Manebrige Rownhams is a Village in Hampshire, England, situated just outside the boundaries of the City of Southampton, to the north-west Shirley is a district on the Western side of Southampton, England. Sholing, previously Scholing is a district on the eastern side of the city of Southampton in southern England. St Denys is a district of Southampton, England, approximately 3 Miles (5 Km) north of the city centre opposite Bitterne Park St Mary's is an area of Southampton in England. It consists of two areas separated by Six Dials junction Swaythling was once a Village but over the years it has gradually become a suburb and Electoral ward of Southampton in Hampshire, England Thornhill is a suburb of Southampton, United Kingdom. Situated on the Eastern border of the City and bounded by three major roads the area is effectively an Townhill Park is a suburb of Southampton, England, bordering Swaythling, Bitterne Park and West End. Weston is a small suburb on the eastern side of Southampton, UK, predominantly built on the Weston Grove Estate formerly owned by the Chamberlayne family Woolston is a district of Southampton, England, located on the eastern shore of the River Itchen. Over 94 per cent of these properties were flats. ^[88]

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Southampton

There have been a number of notable people who either hail from Southampton or who have lived in the city over the years. In the sphere of music, the city is the home of Coldplay drummer, Will Champion, whose father^[89] and late mother^[90] taught at the university. Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again William " Will " Champion (born 31 July 1978 is the Drummer of the band Coldplay. R&B singer Craig David was brought up on the Holy Rood estate in the city centre, and BBC Radio One DJ Scott Mills comes from the city too. Craig Ashley David (born 5 May 1981) is an English R&B Singer-songwriter. Scott Robert Mills (born 28 March 1974) is an English Radio DJ best known for presenting The Scott Mills Show In the past, the city was home to Isaac Watts, a famous hymn writer, who notably composed O God Our Help In Ages Past which is the school hymn of the King Edward VI school in the city and the peal of the Civic Centre clock tower. Isaac Watts ( July 17, 1674 – November 25, 1748) is recognised as the "Father of English Hymnody" as he was the first prolific and A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities King Edward VI School, often referred to as King Edward's or simply KES, is a selective independent day School located in Southampton In other arts, Sir John Everett Millais, who now has a museum named after him in the city, came from Southampton as did Benny Hill, the internationally renowned comedian, who had a milk round in nearby Eastleigh - the inspiration for his song Ernie (The Fastest Milkman In The West). Sir John Everett Millais 1st Baronet, PRA ( June 8, 1829 &ndash August 13, 1896) was an English painter Alfred Hawthorne Hill ( 21 January 1924 &ndash 19 April 1992) better known as Benny Hill, was a prolific English A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh Eastleigh is a former Railway town in Hampshire, England, and the main town in the Eastleigh borough. " Ernie (The Fastest Milkman In The West " was an innuendo-laden comic song written and performed by Benny Hill. SKY, & International Radio Presenter Andy Collins and naturalist TV presenter Chris Packham are natives too. Andy Collins may refer to Andy Collins (radio, American radio personality Andy Collins (television, British television personality Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods Christopher Gary Packham (born 4 May 1961, Southampton, Hampshire) is an English naturalist, nature Photographer

Admiral John Jellicoe, commander of the British fleet at the Battle of Jutland was a Sotonian and Argentinian dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas spent his last years in exile in the city. Admiral of the Fleet John Rushworth Jellicoe 1st Earl Jellicoe, GCB, OM, GCVO ( 5 December 1859 &ndash 20 November fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links --> Juan Manuel de Rosas (born Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y López de Osornio in Buenos Aires, March 30, 1793 &ndash Southampton

Former England and Southampton F. C. footballer Matthew Le Tissier lives in the city, as he has done since the mid-1980s, and Olympic athlete Iwan Thomas lives there as did former tennis player Wally Masur. Matthew Paul "Matt" Le Tissier (born 14 October 1968 is a retired footballer who played for Southampton and England. Iwan Gwyn Thomas MBE (born January 5, 1974 in Farnborough (London Borough of Bromley is an Olympic Athlete, who represented Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Wally Masur (b 13 May, 1963, in Southampton, England) is a Tennis coach and former professional tennis player from

Twinning

Southampton is twinned with:

• Le Havre, France (since 1973)
• Rems-Murr-Kreis, Germany (since 1991)
• Kalisz, Poland

Southampton is also a sister city of:

• Hampton, Virginia
• Qingdao, China (since 1998)

References

External links

Official

• Southampton City Council and CityWeb

Museums

• Southampton Museum of Archeology

News and travel

• Southampton news, sport & information
• Southampton traffic information and web cameras
• Southampton on Wikitravel

Culture

• Pubs in Southampton - all of them
• Gay Southampton Guide
• Southampton skyline webcam, BBC
• southampton.info.pl - Portal for Polish Community in Southampton (Polish)
• Hall of Aviation
• City of Southampton (Albion) Band

Maps

• Southampton at Google Maps

Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services

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