|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Democratic Yemen, South Yemen or Yemen (Aden) was a state in present-day southern Yemen. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The dinar ( Arabic: دينار was the currency of South Arabia and then South Yemen between 1965 and 1990 This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> ISO 3166-1, as part of the ISO 3166 standard ISO 3166-3 defines codes for outdated ISO 3166-1 Country codes and is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya It united with the Yemen Arab Republic, commonly known as North Yemen, on May 22, 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen. The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR (in Arabic: الجمهوريّة العربية اليمنية al-`Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah'') also known as North Yemen North Yemen is a term currently used to designate both the Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990 and its predecessor the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya However, during 1994 civil war in Yemen, the North Yemen Army invaded South Yemen in the name of ensuring unification and took over all the country. The May-July 1994 civil war in Yemen was waged between the Yemeni government in Sana'a and Yemen Socialist Party (YSP supporters fighting for The South Yemeni leader now lives in exile. Since 2000, a movement for South Yemeni independence has formed.
Contents |
History
British interests in the area which would later become the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) began to grow when on January 19, 1839, British East India Company forces captured the port of Aden, to provide a coaling station for ships en route to India. The history of Yemen is especially important because Yemen is one of the oldest centers of Civilization in the Near East. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Aden was ruled as part of British India until 1937, when the city of Aden became the Colony of Aden. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Colony of Aden (مستعمرة عدن Mustaʿmarat ʿAdan) was a British Crown colony from 1937 to 1963 and consisted of the port city The Aden hinterland and Hadhramaut to the east formed the remainder of what would become South Yemen and was not administered directly by Aden but were tied to Britain by treaties of protection with local rulers of traditional polities that, together, became known as the Aden Protectorate. The hinterland is the land or district behind the borders of a coast or river Hadhramaut, Hadhramout or Hadramawt (حضرموت) is a historical region of the south Arabian Peninsula along the Gulf of Aden in the Aden Protectorate ( محمية عدن ʿAdan}} was a British Protectorate in southern Arabia in the early and middle 20th century Economic development was largely centred in Aden, and while the city flourished, the states of the Aden Protectorate stagnated. Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants Aden Protectorate ( محمية عدن ʿAdan}} was a British Protectorate in southern Arabia in the early and middle 20th century
In 1963, Aden and much of the Protectorate were joined to form the Federation of South Arabia with the remaining states that declined to join, mainly in Hadhramaut, forming the Protectorate of South Arabia. The Federation of South Arabia ( Arabic: اتحاد الجنوب العربي Ittihad al-Janūb al-‘arabī) was an organization of States under The Protectorate of South Arabia was a grouping of States under treaties of protection with Britain in what would become South Yemen. Both of these polities were still tied to Britain with promises of total independence in 1968.
Two nationalist groups, the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Front, الجبهة القوميّة (NF), began an armed struggle on 14 October 1963 against British control and, with the temporary closure of the Suez Canal in 1967, the British began to withdraw. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Southern Yemen became independent as the People's Republic of South Yemen on 30 November 1967, and the NF consolidated its control in the country.
In June 1969, a radical Marxist wing of NF gained power and changed the country's name on 1 December 1970, to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the PDRY, all political parties were amalgamated into the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), which became the only legal party. The Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP (الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني al-Hizb al-Ishtiraki al-Yamani) is a Political party in Yemen. The PDRY established close ties with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, Cuba, and radical Palestinians. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn
The major communist powers assisted in the building of the PDRY's armed forces. For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces Strong support from Moscow resulted in Soviet naval forces gaining access to naval facilities in South Yemen.
Reunification
Unlike East and West Germany or North and South Korea, the northern Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) and the PDRY remained relatively friendly, though relations were often strained. Yemeni unification took place on May 22, 1990, when the areas of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen were united with the Yemen Arab Republic The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR (in Arabic: الجمهوريّة العربية اليمنية al-`Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah'') also known as North Yemen In 1972 it was declared unification would eventually occur.
However, these plans were put on hold in 1979, and war was only prevented by an Arab League intervention. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units The Arab League ( الجامعة العربية) officially called the League of Arab States ( جامعة الدول العربية The goal of unity was reaffirmed by the northern and southern heads of state during a summit meeting in Kuwait in March 1979. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed
In 1980, PDRY president Abdul Fattah Ismail resigned and went into exile. Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi (1939–1986 ( Arabic: عبد الفتاح إسماعيل علي الجوفي ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Ismāʿīl) was the Chairman Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return His successor, Ali Nasir Muhammad, took a less interventionist stance toward both North Yemen and neighbouring Oman. Ali Nasir Muhammad (علي ناصر محمد الحسني (born 1939 was twice President of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast On January 13, 1986, a violent struggle began in Aden between Ali Nasir's supporters and supporters of the returned Ismail, who wanted power back. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties, Ali Nasir's ouster, and Ismail's death. The month is a unit of Time, used with Calendars which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon; Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Some 60,000 people, including the deposed Ali Nasir, fled to the YAR. "Emigrant" redirects here For the Butterflies, see Catopsilia.
In May 1988, the YAR and PDRY governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions including agreement to renew discussions concerning unification, to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border, to demilitarize the border, and to allow Yemenis unrestricted border passage on the basis of only a national identification card.
Politics and social life
The only recognised political party in South Yemen was the Yemeni Socialist Party, which ran the country and the economy along lines they described as Marxist, modelled on the Soviet Union. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral The Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP (الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني al-Hizb al-Ishtiraki al-Yamani) is a Political party in Yemen. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
The constitution prescribed universal suffrage although very few exercised power beyond the elite of the Socialist Party. A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to
The People's Supreme Assembly was appointed by the general command of the National Liberation Front in 1971.
In Aden, there was a structured judicial system, with a supreme court. Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. A supreme court, also called a court of last resort or high court, is in some Jurisdictions the highest judicial body within that jurisdiction's However, outside of Aden and especially in rural areas, Sharia law was in force, often supplemented by traditional local law. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of
Education was provided without charge; however, there was almost no secondary education outside of Aden and proper education for girls had only been achieved in that city, though it began to develop. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Australia See also Education A girl is any Female Human from birth through Childhood and Adolescence to attainment of Adulthood The term may also be used to mean
There was a significant shortage of qualified doctors and staff at hospitals, and this meant that socialised medicine programs were generally poor, although again provided without charge. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for Socialized medicine is a term used primarily in the United States to refer to certain kinds of Publicly-funded health care.
Unlike the Soviet Union, there was no housing crisis in South Yemen. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Surplus housing built by the British meant that there were few homeless people in Aden, and people built their own houses out of adobe and mud in the rural areas. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Adobe bricks are a Natural building material made from Sand, Clay, water and some kind of fibrous or Organic material ( Sticks, In computer gaming, a MUD ( Multi-User Dungeon, Domain or Dimension) is a multi-player computer game that combines elements of
Human rights
There were many hundreds of cases of "disappearances" of opponents of the South Yemen government. Most of these victims were members of the National Democratic Front which waged war against the regime for decades.
Amnesty International accused the regime of torture, arbitrary detention and many other human rights abuses. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to
Governorates
Following independence, South Yemen was divided into six governorates (Arabic muhafazat), with roughly natural boundaries, each given a Roman numeral From 1967 to 1978 they were named officially by numerals only, from 1979 till 1990 - by new official names. A Governorate is an Administrative division of a country It is headed by a Governor. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The islands: Kamaran (till 1972), Perim (Meyun), Socotra, Abd-el-kuri, Samha and others uninhabitat from the Socotra arhipelago were parts (mudiriyat) of the First/Aden Governorate being under Prime-Minister of the state supervision. Socotra or Soqotra ( Arabic سقطرى; Suquṭra) is a small Archipelago of four islands and islets in the Indian Ocean [1]
| Numeral | Name | Approximate Area (km. ²) | Capital |
| I | 'Adan | 6,980 | Aden |
| II | Lahij | 12,766 | Hawatah |
| III | Abyan | 21,489 | Zinjibar |
| IV | Shabwah | 73,908 | Ataq |
| V | Hadhramawt | 155,376 | Al Mukalla |
| VI | al-Mahra | 66,350 | Al Ghaydah |
Economy
There was little industrial output, nor mineral wealth exploitation, in South Yemen, until the mid-1980s, following the discovery of significant petroleum reserves in the central regions near Shibam and Mukalla. ' Adan (عدن is a transcontinental governorate of Yemen, including the city of Aden and the Archipelago of Socotra Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Lahij (لحج is a governorate of Yemen. See also Lahij Sultanate of Lahej Abyan (أبين is a governorate of Yemen. The Abyan region was historically part of the Fadhli Sultanate. Zinjibar (زنجبار a coastal town in south-central Yemen, the capital of the Abyan Governorate. Shabwah ( Arabic: شبوة is a governorate of Yemen. Hadhramaut or Hadramawt (حضرموت) is a governorate of Yemen lying within the large historical region of Hadhramaut. Al Mukalla (المكلا is the capital city of the Hadramaut coastal region in the southern part of Yemen on the Gulf of Aden. Al Mahrah or Mahra (المهرة is a governorate ( Muhafazah) of Yemen in the southern Arabian Peninsula in the area of the Al Ghaydah (الغيضة is a capital city of Al Mahrah Governorate, southeastern Yemen. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Shibam (شبام is a town in Hadramawt, Yemen with about 7000 inhabitants Al Mukalla (المكلا is the capital city of the Hadramaut coastal region in the southern part of Yemen on the Gulf of Aden. The main sources of income were agriculture, mostly fruit, cereal crops, cattle and sheep, fishing and later, oil exports. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish.
The national budget was 13. Budget (from French bougette, purse generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues 43 million dinars in 1976, and the gross national product was USD $150 million. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The total national debt was $52. Debt is that which is owed usually referencing Assets owed but the term can cover other obligations 4 million.
Statistics as of 1990[2]
- Literacy Rate: 25%
- Growth Rate: 3. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, Population growth is the change in Population over time and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for 2%
- Birth Rate: 48 births/1,000 population
- Death Rate: 14 deaths/1,000 population
- Net migration rate: -2 migrants/1,000 population
- Infant mortality rate: 110 deaths/1,000 live births
- Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 54 years female
- Total Fertility Rate: 7. Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year Mortality rate is a measure of the number of Deaths (in general or due to a specific cause in some population scaled to the size of that population per unit time Net migration rate is the difference of Immigrants and Emigrants of an area in a period of time divided (usually per 1000 inhabitants (considered on midterm population Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age The total fertility rate ( TFR, sometimes also called the fertility rate, period total fertility rate (PTFR or total 0 children born/woman
- Suffrage: universal at age 18
- Inflation rate: 2. Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally In Economics, the inflation rate is a measure of Inflation, the rate of increase of a Price index (for example a Consumer price index) 8%
- Airports: 42 total, 29 usable
- Merchant marine: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
- Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO,
- Major Export Partners: Japan, North Yemen, and Singapore
- Major Import Partners: Soviet Union, Australia, United Kingdom
- Foreign Debt: $2. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Gross Register Tonnage (abbreviated variously as GRT, grt, gr The Arab League ( الجامعة العربية) officially called the League of Arab States ( جامعة الدول العربية The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of Developing nations designed to promote its members' collective Economic interests and create The 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade' (typically abbreviated 'GATT' was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation The International Development Association ( IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries Islamic Development Bank (also known as IDB) is a multilateral development financing institution located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one The International Labour Organization The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The International Maritime Organization ( IMO) formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ( IMCO) is a late 20th century The International Typographical Union (ITU was a labor union founded on May 3, 1852 in the United States as the National Typographical Union The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM) is an International organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC is an International organization with a permanent delegation to the United Nations. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The Universal Postal Union ( UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an International organization that coordinates postal policies among member WFTU-AM is a College radio station on Long Island operated by Five Towns College in Dix Hills New York. In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR (in Arabic: الجمهوريّة العربية اليمنية al-`Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah'') also known as North Yemen Singapore In Economics, an import is any good (eg a Commodity) or Service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located External debt (or foreign debt) is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to Creditors outside the country 25 billion
- Airforce: 8 major transport aircraft
- Defense Forces: Five Branches (Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Militia, People's Police)
- Military manpower: 544,190 (males 15-49)
- Fit for Military Service: 307,005
See also
References
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps, is in the broadest sense the national military or armed service An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps, is in the broadest sense the national military or armed service The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, commonly referred to as South Yemen, became independent as the People's Republic of South Yemen in 1967. The history of Yemen is especially important because Yemen is one of the oldest centers of Civilization in the Near East. ; Jacqueline S. Ismael (1986). The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Politics, Economics, and Society; The Politics of Socialist Transformation. Lynne Rienner Pub. 0931477964.
- ^ This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the S. government publication, is in the public domain. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the S. government publication, is in the public domain. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
Dictionary
South Yemen
-proper noun
- A country in the Middle East from 1967 until 1990, full name People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic