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South Morava (Јужна Морава)
Drainage basin of South Morava
Drainage basin of South Morava
Origin Near Skopska Crna Gora in Macedonia
Mouth with the West Morava forms the Great Morava at Stalać, Serbia
Basin countries Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia
Length 295 km
Avg. Skopska Crna Gora (Скопска Црна Гора Mali I Zi also called Crna Gora, is a mountain range on the border between Kosovo and the Republic of Macedonia The Republic of Macedonia (Република West Morava ( Zapadna Morava, Cyrillic: Западна Морава is a river in central Serbia, a 308 km-long longer headstream of the Great The Velika Morava or Great Morava ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Морава) is a final section of the Morava (Cyrillic Морава Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Republic of Macedonia (Република discharge 100 m³/s
Basin area 15,469 km²

South Morava (Serbian: Јужна Морава/Južna Morava) is a river in Macedonia, Kosovo, and Serbia which represents the shorter headwater of Great Morava. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The Velika Morava or Great Morava ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Морава) is a final section of the Morava (Cyrillic Морава Today, it's 295 km long, flowing generally in the south to north direction, from Macedonian border through Kosovo to central Serbia, where it meets West Morava at Stalać, to create Great Morava. The Republic of Macedonia (Република West Morava ( Zapadna Morava, Cyrillic: Западна Морава is a river in central Serbia, a 308 km-long longer headstream of the Great The Velika Morava or Great Morava ( Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Морава) is a final section of the Morava (Cyrillic Морава

Contents

Source

It begins in the mountain of Skopska Crna Gora, in Republic of Macedonia, north of its capital Skopje. Skopska Crna Gora (Скопска Црна Гора Mali I Zi also called Crna Gora, is a mountain range on the border between Kosovo and the Republic of Macedonia Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population Streams of Ključevska reka and Slatinska reka join to form river Golema, which is, after passing the Macedonian-Kosovar border, known as Binčaka Morava. After 49 km it meets Preševska Moravica at Bujanovac, and for the remaining of 246 km flows as South Morava. Bujanovac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бујановац Albanian: Bujanoci) is a town and municipality in Pčinja District of Serbia

Geography

River belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin, and its own drainage area is 15,469 km², out of which 1,237 is in Bulgaria (through its right tributary Nišava). The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Nišava or Nishava ( Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: Нишава) is a river in Bulgaria and Serbia, a Its average discharge at the mouth is 100 m³/s and it is not navigable.

South Morava has a composite valley, which means it consists of series of gorges and depressions in this order: Gnjilane depression-Končulj gorge-Vranje depression-Grdelica gorge-Leskovac depression-Niš depression-Aleksinac depression-Stalać gorge. Gnjilane or Gjilan ( Albanian: Gjilani or Gjilan, Serbian: Гњилане Gnjilane) is a city and municipality Vranje ( Serbian Cyrillic: Врање Bulgarian: Враня Vranya; Turkish: Vranya) is a town and municipality located in Leskovac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковац Leskofça is a city and municipality located in southern Serbia at 43 Aleksinac (Алексинац is a town which is center of Municipality of Aleksinac, located in the Nišava District of Serbia. After breaking through the last, Stalać gorge, it meets West Morava.

In macro-geological point of view, South Morava connects Aegean basin with Pannonian basin. This creates a phenomenon named apparent flow inversion, because it seems that river from one lowland climbs up the mountains and then flows into another lowland. The point connecting these two large geological basins is Grdelica gorge (Serbian: Grdelička klisura/Грделичка клисура), but the bottom of the gorge, where river flows, is much lower than the mountains surrounding it, so river flows normally.

South Morava used to be 318 km long and represented longer and natural (flowing in the same direction) headwater of Great Morava. Causing severe floods in history, meandering river has been shortened by almost 30 km until today, so it became shorter than West Morava. However, West Morava always had bigger discharge.

Areas in southern Serbia where South Morava flows have been almost completely deforested which causes one of the most severe cases of excessive erosion in the Balkans. As a result of this, river brings large amount of materials to Great Morava, filling and elevating its river bed, which helps the huge floods of its daughter river.

Tributaries

South Morava has 157 tributaries. Most important left ones are: Jablanica, Veternica, Pusta reka and Toplica. The Jablanica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Јабланица) is a 85 km long river is southern Serbia. The Veternica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ветерница) is a river in southern Serbia, a 75 km long left tributary to the Južna Morava The Pusta reka ( Serbian Cyrillic: Пуста река) is a river in southern Serbia, a 71-km long left tributary to the Južna Morava The Toplica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Топлица) is the river in southern Serbia. Right tributaries are: Vrla, Vlasina, Nišava (the longest) and Sokobanjska Moravica. The Vlasina ( Serbian Cyrillic: Власина) is a river in southeastern Serbia, a 68 km-long outflow of the Vlasina Lake and The Nišava or Nishava ( Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: Нишава) is a river in Bulgaria and Serbia, a The Sokobanjska Moravica or simply Moravica ( Serbian Cyrillic: Сокобањска Моравица or Моравица) is

Economy

It has significant potential for electricity production, but this has not been used at all. Huge hydroelectrical system has been constructed in its drainage basin, though (Vlasina- Vrla I-IV power stations).

To a certain extent, its waters are used for irrigation.

The most important role river valley has in transportation. It's the natural route for both railway and highway Belgrade-Skopje-Thessaloniki. Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia

See also

References

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