The sousaphone is a wearable tuba descended from the hélicon, and designed in an ergonomically efficient way such that it fits around the body of the wearer, and so it can be easily played while being worn. Mediatubaogg -->The tuba is the largest and lowest pitched Brass instrument. The helicon is a brass Musical instrument in the BB-flat Bass family Often used in a marching band, it is sometimes referred to as a marching tuba. A marching band is in the broadest terms a group of performers that consist of instrumental Musicians and sometimes dance teams / color guard who generally perform It is named after John Philip Sousa, a famous march composer and conductor. John Philip Sousa ( November 6, 1854 &ndash March 6, 1932) was an American Composer and conductor of the late
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History
The Sousaphone was developed in the 1890s by J. Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, or simply " Santa " is the A Combat Support Hospital (CSH or "cash" is a type of Field hospital. The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that W. Pepper at the request of John Philip Sousa, who was unhappy with the hélicons used at that time by the United States Marine Band. John Philip Sousa ( November 6, 1854 &ndash March 6, 1932) was an American Composer and conductor of the late The United States Marine Band, colloquially known as "The President's Own", was established by an Act of Congress The hélicon is an instrument that somewhat resembles the sousaphone but has a far narrower bore, and a much smaller bell which points between straight up and to the player's left. The helicon is a brass Musical instrument in the BB-flat Bass family The bore of a Wind instrument is its interior chamber that defines a flow path through which air travels and is set into vibration to produce sounds Sousa wanted a tuba that would send sound upward and over the band with a full warm tone, much like concert tubas, an effect which could not be achieved with the narrower-belled (and thus highly directional) helicons. In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different Contrary to popular belief, it was not initially developed as a marching instrument, as the professional band Sousa started after leaving the Marines (for which he wanted this new instrument) marched only once in its existence. Rather, Sousa wanted a concert instrument which would be easier to hold and play, while retaining a full, rich sound. The tone he sought was achieved by widening the bore and throat of the instrument significantly, as well as pointing it straight upward in a similar manner to concert instruments, a feature which led to the instruments being dubbed "raincatchers". This remained the standard for several decades, and a version with a forward-facing bell did not debut until the mid-1920s. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada Early sousaphones had 22" diameter bells, with 24" bells popular in the 1920s. From the mid-1930s on, sousaphone bells have become standardized at 26" diameter. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression.
Construction
Today, the sousaphone is a valved brass instrument with the same tube length as other tubas, but shaped differently so that the bell is above the head, the valves are situated directly in front of the musician a few inches above the waist, and most of the weight rests on one shoulder. A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a Fluid along a tube or pipe by means of the Linear motion of a Piston within Thus, the sousaphone can be carried far more easily than a traditional concert tuba, while still retaining the tuba sound. The bell is normally detachable from the instrument body to facilitate transportation and storage. Modern sousaphones almost definitively use three non-compensating piston valves in their construction, in direct contrast to their concert counterparts' large variation in number, type, and orientation. A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a Fluid along a tube or pipe by means of the Linear motion of a Piston within It should be noted that the tuba is a conical brass instrument and the sousaphone is a cylindrical brass instrument. This does affect the timbre of the instruments much as in a cornet and trumpet or a euphonium and a trombone.
Materials
Most of the sousaphones are manufactured from sheet brass, usually yellow or silver, with silver, lacquer, and gold plating options, much like many brass instruments. However, the sousaphone (uniquely) is also commonly seen manufactured from fiberglass, due to its lower cost, greater durability, and significantly lighter weight.
Tuning
Most sousaphones are tuned to B flat and have parts written in the bass clef, although some sousaphones are tuned to E flat or (especially in Western Europe) have parts written in the treble clef. A clef (from the French for "key" is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes. A clef (from the French for "key" is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes.
Varieties
While most major instrument manufacturers have made, and many continue to make, sousaphones, Conn and King instruments are generally agreed among players to be the standards against which other sousaphones are judged for tone quality and playability. Perhaps the most highly-regarded sousaphone ever built is the . 734" bore Conn model 20K, introduced in the mid-1930s and still in production. Some players, especially those who find the 20K excessively heavy for marching, prefer the slightly smaller . 687" bore King model 1250, first made in the late 1920s and also still in production as the model 2350. Historically, Holton, York and Martin sousaphones have sometimes been considered fine horns. Unlike with other brass instruments generally, and tubas in particular, players generally dislike the sousaphones made by non-American manufacturers.
Very large bore sousaphones, with oversized bells as large as 30" in diameter, were made by Conn ("Jumbo") and King ("Giant") in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and by Martin, but they disappeared from the catalogs during the Depression or at the onset of World War II. Because of their weight and cost, few were made and even fewer survive.
Fiberglass
In recent years, sousaphones have been available made of fiberglass instead of brass. Glass-reinforced plastic ( GRP) is a Composite material or Fiber-reinforced plastic made of a Plastic reinforced by fine fibers Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Today, the fiberglass versions are mainly used as practice horns, and are rarely used in performances. However, in the 1970s they were common in high school bands due to their resistance to dents and lower cost. Depending on the model, the fiberglass version normally does not have as dark and warm a tone as the brass (King fiberglass sousaphones tended to have smooth fiberglass and a tone somewhat more like a brass sousaphone; Conn fiberglass sousaphones often had rough fiberglass exteriors and a thinner sound; the Conn was also lighter). Regardless, fiberglass sousaphones are lighter than their brass counterparts and provide well for smaller players who could not otherwise play the heavy brass instruments in a marching band. Although the tone of fiberglass models tend to be thinner and less "warm" (earning them the nickname "White Trash" among players in some ensembles), it is considered acceptable by the high schools in which the instrument is most common due to the tradeoff in durability, cost, and weight. However, despite the disdain of sousaphones held by most serious tuba players, a quality modern sousaphone is often a better choice for the high school to semi-pro player due to more stable intonation and less breath effort needed to generate tone.
Additional valves
In the 1920s and 1930s, four-valved sousaphones were often used by professional players, especially E flat sousaphones; today, however, four-valved B flat sousaphones are uncommon and are prized by collectors, especially those made by Conn, King (H. N. White), and Holton.
Non-American Sousaphones
Asian sousaphones made in China and India are now gaining popularity in the street band market. In central Europe, "Guggenmusig" bands often use these instruments that provide great display and passable intonation. Most are tuned in Eb. Brands like Zweiss with older British designs make affordable sousaphones that have broken the EUR 500 barrier. These are mostly in the medium bell size of 23 inches. Chinese brands are mostly reverse engineering models and quite passable.
Additional Information
In large marching bands, the bell is often covered with a tight fitting cloth, called a sock, which enables the sousaphone section to spell out the school's name, initials, or mascot and reduces the possibility of a spectator throwing objects into the large, inviting target. A marching band is in the broadest terms a group of performers that consist of instrumental Musicians and sometimes dance teams / color guard who generally perform The Yale Precision Marching Band has made a tradition of setting fire to the tops of the bells of their sousaphones, including in the fall of 1992 when sousaphones served as the "candles" of a "wedding cake" formed by the band when two band alumni were married during a halftime show. The Yale Precision Marching Band (affectionately known as the YPMB) is the official Marching band of Yale University. They also utilize what they refer to as the "Ubersiouxsa", a sousaphone that was disassembled from its coiled format and welded back together on a twelve-foot frame to extend straight up from the player's shoulders.
The sousaphone is an important fixture of the New Orleans brass band tradition, and is still used in groups such as the Dirty Dozen Brass Band. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The Dirty Dozen Brass Band is a New Orleans Louisiana, Brass band.
A famous marching band tradition involving a sousaphone player is dotting the "i" in Script Ohio, as performed by The Ohio State University Marching Band. The Ohio State University Marching Band (often called The Best Damn Band in the Land or TBDBITL by fans is one of the few all-brass The Ohio State University Marching Band (often called The Best Damn Band in the Land or TBDBITL by fans is one of the few all-brass
See also
- Contrabass bugle which are primarily used as a tuba in drum corps. The contrabass bugle, usually shortened to contra, is the lowest-pitched instrument in the Drum and bugle corps hornline
- Zeusaphone, a variety of solid-state tesla coil which produces music. Zeusaphone, also called a thoremin, is trademark for a high-frequency solid state Tesla coil, when its spark discharge is digitally modulated so as to produce musical
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