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A soundscape is a sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. Sound' is Vibration transmitted through a Solid, Liquid, or Gas; particularly sound means those vibrations composed of Frequencies The phrase built environment refers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places It refers to both the natural acoustic environment, or acoustic ecology, consisting of natural sounds, including animal vocalizations and, for instance, the sounds of weather; and environmental sounds created by humans, through musical composition, sound design, or as a byproduct of ordinary human activities including conversation, work, and noise pollution from use of industrial technology. Acoustic ecology, Sometimes called Soundscape Ecology, is the relationship mediated through sound between living beings and their environment Natural sounds include animal sounds possibly also sounds of other natural phenomena The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time. Musical composition is an original piece of Music the structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life

The term "soundscape" can also refer to an audio recording or performance of sounds that create the sensation of experiencing a particular acoustic environment, or compositions created using the "found sounds" of an acoustic environment, either exclusively or in conjunction with musical performances. A performance, in Performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers behave in a particular way for another group of people [1][2]

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Elements

Pauline Oliveros, composer of post-World War II electronic art music, defined the term "soundscape" as "All of the waveforms faithfully transmitted to our audio cortex by the ear and its mechanisms". Pauline Oliveros (born May 30, 1932 in Houston Texas) is an Accordionist and Composer who currently resides in Kingston New World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [3]

According to author, composer and environmentalist, R. Murray Schafer, there are three main elements of the soundscape:

This is a musical term that identifies the key of a piece, not always audible… the key might stray from the original, but it will return. Raymond Murray Schafer (born 18 July 1933) is a Canadian Composer, Writer, Music educator and Environmentalist The keynote sounds may not always be heard consciously, but they “outline the character of the people living there” (Schafer). They are created by nature (geography and climate): wind, water, forests, plains, birds, insects, animals. In many urban areas, traffic has become the keynote sound.
These are foreground sounds, which are listened to consciously; examples would be warning devices, bells, whistles, horns, sirens, etc.
This is derived from the term landmark. Originally a landmark literally meant a Geographic Feature used by explorers and A soundmark is a sound which is unique to an area.

In his 1977 book, The Tuning of the World, Schafer wrote, “Once a Soundmark has been identified, it deserves to be protected, for soundmarks make the acoustic life of a community unique”.

Soundscapes in music

In music, soundscape compositions are often a form of electronic music, or electroacoustic music. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Electroacoustic music includes several different sonic and Musical genres or musical techniques Composers who use soundscapes include real-time granular synthesis pioneer Barry Truax and Luc Ferrari, whose Presque rien, numéro 1 (1970) is an early soundscape composition. Granular synthesis is a basic sound synthesis method that operates on the Microsound time scale. Barry Truax (born 1947) is a Canadian Composer who specializes in real-time implementations of Granular synthesis, often of sampled Luc Ferrari, French composer born on February 5, 1929 in Paris - deceased on August 22, 2005 in Arezzo in Italy [4][2][5]

Soundscapes in health care

Soundscapes from a computerized acoustic device with a camera may also offer synthetic vision to the blind, utilizing human echolocation, as is the goal of the seeingwithsound project. Human echolocation is the ability of humans to sense objects in their environment by hearing echoes from those objects [6]

Soundscapes and noise pollution

Papers on noise pollution are increasingly taking a holistic, soundscape approach to noise control. Whereas acoustics tends to rely on lab measurements and individual acoustic characteristics of cars and so on, soundscape takes a top-down approach. Drawing on John Cage's ideas of the whole world as composition, soundscape researchers investigate people's attitudes to soundscapes as a whole rather than individual aspects - and look at how the entire environment can be changed to be more pleasing to the ear. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr

See also

References

  1. ^ LaBelle, Brandon (2006). Biomusic is a form of Experimental music which deals with sounds created or performed by living things Field recording is the technique for capturing the audible illustration of an environment produced outside of a Recording studio. Space music, also spelled spacemusic, is an umbrella term used to describe music that evokes a feeling of contemplative spaciousness Programme music is a form of Art music intended to evoke extra-musical ideas images in the mind of the listener by musically representing a scene image or mood Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. Continuum International Publishing Group, 198, 214. ISBN 0826418457.  
  2. ^ a b Paynter, John (1992). Companion to Contemporary Musical Thought. Routledge, 374. ISBN 0415072255.  “Electroacoustic Music and the Soundscape: The inner and the Outer World, by Barry Traux” 
  3. ^ Oliveros, Pauline (2005). Deep Listening: A Composer's Sound Practice. iUniverse, 18. ISBN 0595343651.  
  4. ^ Roads, Curtis (2001). p. 312, Microsound. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-18215-7
  5. ^ fLOW ambient soundscape generator (Apple Macintosh)
  6. ^ Seeing with Sound

Further reading

External links

Samples and stores

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Dictionary

soundscape

-noun

  1. an acoustic environment, a virtual/emotional environment created using sound.
  2. a soundscape composition - an electroacoustic musical composition creating a sound portrait of a sound environment.
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