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Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field. It covers all non-compositional elements of a film, a play, a music performance or recording, computer game software or any other multimedia project. Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. A person who practices the art of sound design is known as a Sound Designer.

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognizes the finest or most aesthetic sound mixing or recording in film with the Academy Award for Best Sound, historically given to an English-language film. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS) is a professional honorary organization ostensibly dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of Motion The Academy Award for Sound Mixing is an Academy Award that recognizes the finest or most euphonic Sound mixing or recording The new Tony Award for Best Sound Design is to be awarded for the best sound design in American theatre. The first Tony Award for "Best Sound Design of a Play" and "Best Sound Design of a Musical" was given in the 2007-2008 season

Sound Design can also be defined as: "The manipulation of audio elements to achieve a desired effect. "

Contents

Film

See also: Sound editor

In motion picture production, a Sound Designer is a member of a film crew responsible for some original aspect of the film's audio track. A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling Sound recordings in preparation for the final Sound mixing or Mastering For the comedic team see The Film Crew. A film crew is a group of people hired by a production company for the purpose of producing a The audio track is in some respects interchangeable with Sound track. The title is not controlled by any industry organisation, as with the title of director or screenwriter in the American film industry. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century

The terms "Sound Design" and "Sound Designer" were already in use in theatre and were introduced to the film world when Francis Ford Coppola directed (and his father, Carmine Coppola, arranged the music for) a live production of Noel Coward's Private Lives at the American Conservatory Theatre (ACT) in San Francisco where sound designer Charlie Richmond was resident, while the final cut of the The Godfather was being edited in 1972. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, Carmine Coppola ( June 11, 1910 - April 26, 1991) was an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning as well as BAFTA Sir Noël Peirce Coward ( 16 December 1899 26 March 1973) was an English Actor, Playwright Private Lives is a play written by Noel Coward in 1930 Coward who also starred in the first production alongside Gertrude Lawrence and Laurence Olivier American Conservatory Theater ( ACT) is a large non-profit theater company in San Francisco California, that offers both classical and contemporary theater productions The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Charlie Richmond is an entrepreneur and inventor born 1950-01-05. The Godfather is a 1972 Crime drama film based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Mario Puzo and directed In the original film world meaning of the title, as established in the 1970s by Coppola and Walter Murch, a sound designer is an individual ultimately responsible for all aspects of a film's audio track, from the dialogue and sound effects recording to the re-recording of the final track. Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an Academy Award &ndashwinning Film editor / sound designer, the son of painter A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities. For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds The title was first granted by Coppola to Murch for his work on the film Apocalypse Now, in recognition for his extraordinary contribution to that film; in this way the position emerged in the same manner the title of production designer came in to being in the 1930s, when William Cameron Menzies made revolutionary contributions to the craft of art direction in the making of Gone with the Wind. Production designer is a term used in the movie and Television industries to refer to the person responsible for the overall look of a filmed event such as films William Cameron Menzies ( July 29, 1896 - March 5, 1957) was an Academy Award -winning American Film The term art director is a blanket title for a variety of similar job functions in Advertising, Publishing, film and Television, the Internet Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American dramatic - romantic - War film adapted from Margaret Mitchell 's 1936

This "strong" meaning of the title is meant to imply that the person holding the position is a principal member of the production staff, with tangible creative authority, equivalent to the film editor and director of photography. Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an This development can be seen as a natural part of the evolution of film sound. Sound-on-film refers to a class of Sound film processes where the sound accompanying picture is physically recorded onto photographic film usually but not always the same Several interacting factors contributed to this:

As many of these new filmmakers worked in the San Francisco Bay Area, the strong meaning of film sound designer has become associated with films made there, and the production companies situated there, such as American Zoetrope, Lucasfilm Limited (and its subsidiary Skywalker Sound), and The Saul Zaentz Film Center. The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the American Zoetrope is the name of the studio founded by Francis Ford Coppola and George Lucas, named after a Zoetrope Coppola was given in the late Lucasfilm Limited' is an American Film production company founded by George Lucas in 1971, based in San Francisco California Skywalker Sound is the Sound effects sound editing, Sound design and music recording division of George Lucas' Lucas Digital

The role of sound designer can be compared with the role of supervising sound editor; many sound designers use both titles interchangeably. The role of supervising sound editor, or sound supervisor, developed in parallel with the role of sound designer. The demand for more sophisticated soundtracks was felt both inside and outside Hollywood, and the supervising sound editor became the head of the large sound department, with a staff of dozens of sound editors, that was required to realize a complete sound job with a fast turnaround. A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling Sound recordings in preparation for the final Sound mixing or Mastering It is far from universal, but the role of sound supervisor descends from the original role of the sound editor, that of a technician required to complete a film, but having little creative authority. Sound designers, on the other hand, are expected to be creative, and their role is a generalization of the other creative department heads.

Theatre

See also: Architectural acoustics

Sound design is one of the youngest fields in stagecraft, second only to the use of projection and other multimedia displays. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Architectural acoustics is the science of controlling sound within buildings Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical film and video production A video projector takes a Video signal and projects the corresponding image on a Projection screen using a lens system Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. The idea of sound design has been around since theatre started, however the first person to receive a credit as Sound Designer on the poster and in the programme alongside the lighting and scene designers was David Collison for the 59 Theatre Company Season at London's Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith in 1959. The first person to be titled the "sound designer" on Broadway was Jack Mann for his work on Show Girl in 1963 [1], and for regional theatre to Dan Dugan at the American Conservatory Theatre (ACT), San Francisco in 1968. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located American Conservatory Theater ( ACT) is a large non-profit theater company in San Francisco California, that offers both classical and contemporary theater productions The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Since then the field has been growing rapidly. The term "Sound Design" was introduced to the film world when Francis Ford Coppola directed (and his father, Carmine Coppola, arranged the music for) a production of Private Lives at ACT, while the final cut of the film The Godfather was being edited in 1972. Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, Carmine Coppola ( June 11, 1910 - April 26, 1991) was an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning as well as BAFTA Private Lives is a play written by Noel Coward in 1930 Coward who also starred in the first production alongside Gertrude Lawrence and Laurence Olivier The Godfather is a 1972 Crime drama film based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Mario Puzo and directed

Currently it can be said that there are two variants of Theatrical Sound Design. Both are equally important, but very different, though their functions usually overlap. Often a single Sound Designer will fill both these roles, and although on a large budget production they may work together, for the most part there is only one Sound Designer for a given production. Where such distinctions are made, the first variant is "Technical Sound Design" (which has also been termed Theatre Sound System Design by the United States Institute for Theatre Technology's (USITT) Sound Design Commission), which is prevalent on Broadway, and the second "Conceptual Sound Design" (which has also been termed Theatre Sound Score Design by the USITT), which is prevalent at Regional Repertory Theatres. The United States Institute for Theatre Technology (USITT is a membership organization which aims to advance the skills and knowledge of Theatre, Entertainment and The United States Institute for Theatre Technology (USITT is a membership organization which aims to advance the skills and knowledge of Theatre, Entertainment and The Sound Design Commission is a society which assists and promotes theatrical technical professions in the United States. Both variants were created during the 1960s. These terms are really examples only, and not generally used in practice since most Sound Designers simply call themselves Sound Designers, no matter which role they are filling primarily.

Technical Sound Design requires the sound designer to design the sound system that will fulfill the needs of the production. If there is a sound system already installed in the venue, it is their job to tune the system for the best use for the given production using various methods including equalization, delay, volume, speaker and microphone placement, and this may include the addition of equipment not already provided. In conjunction with the director and musical director, if any, they also determine the use and placement of microphones for actors and musicians. A Technical Sound Designer makes sure that the performance can be heard and understood by everyone in the audience, no matter how large the room, and that the performers can hear everything they need to in order to do their job.

Conceptual Sound Design is very different from technical sound design, but equally important. The designer must first read the play and talk to the production's Director about what themes and messages they want to explore. A theatre director or stage director is a practitioner in the Theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production (a play, It is here that, in conjunction with the director and possibly the composer, the designer decides what sounds he will use to create mood and setting of the play. He or she might also choose or compose specific music for the play, although the final choice typically lies with the director, who may want nothing but scene change music or, on the other extreme, will want ambient beds under every scene, such as Robert Woodruff of the American Repertory Theatre or Bill Ball, Ellis Rabb and Jack O'Brien who were active at ACT and the Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, in the mid 1960s where Dan Dugan initially began his art. Robert Woodruff might refer to Robert Woodruff (director, the Theatre director Robert E The American Repertory Theatre ( ART) is housed in the Loeb Drama Center at Harvard University in Cambridge Massachusetts. Ellis Rabb ( June 20, 1930, Memphis Tennessee – January 11, 1998, Memphis Tennessee) was an American Jack O'Brien (born June 18, 1940) is an American director producer writer and lyricist The Old Globe Theatre, located in San Diego, California, produces about 15 plays and Musicals annually including Shakespeare, in summer and Many sound designers are indeed accomplished composers, writing and producing music for productions as well as designing sound. With these designers, it is often difficult to discern the line between sound design and music.

Some noted Sound Designers and/or Composers include Abe Jacob (considered by many to be the Godfather of modern Theatre Sound Design), Steve Canyon Kennedy, Otts Munderloh, Mark Bennet, Hans Peter Kuhn, Obadiah Eaves, John Gromada, Darron West, Michael Bodeen, Rob Milburn, Tom Mardikes, Jon Gottlieb, Dan Moses Schreier, Jim Van Bergen, Bruce Ellman, Richard B. John Gromada (b1964 is a prolific award-winning Composer and Sound designer. Ingraham, David Van Tieghem, Joe Pino, Steven Brown, Richard Woodbury, David Collison, Jonathan Deans, Tony Meola, Paul Arditti and John Bracewell.

On occasion, the director may be very hands-on and will tell the sound designer what sounds to use and where to play them. In such cases, the sound designer becomes little more than an audio editor, but this depends to a large degree on the director and his relationship and level of trust with the sound designer. There are also collaborations such as exist between Ann Bogart and Darron West in the Siti Company, where he is in rehearsal from the day one and sound is really another character of the play. Also, the Conceptual Sound Designer must build the "prop sounds" (telephones rings, answering machines, announcements etc. ) and figure out how to fit them into the established themes with regard to when and where the action is supposed to be taking place. For example, using a modern cellular phone ringtone would be out of place for a phone ringing in the 1940s. A Conceptual Sound Designer uses sound to enhance the audience's experience by conveying specific emotion or information without using words.

Above all, both the Technical Sound Designer and the Conceptual Sound Designer must call on experience and "uncommon" sense to ensure that the sound and music are contributing constructively to the production and are in harmony with the work of the actors and other designers.

The union that represents theatrical non-Broadway sound designers in the United States is United Scenic Artists (USA) Local USA829 which is now integrated within IATSE. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes, Theatrical Sound Designers in Canada are represented by the Associated Designers of Canada (ADC). Sound Designers on Broadway working on productions falling under the League of American Theatre and Producers contracts (i. e. all Broadway theatrical productions) are represented by IATSE Local One[2], by virtue of Local One's merger with IATSE Local 922, the former Theatrical Sound Designers local union. Local One maintains a binding contract with Broadway producers for work performed on Broadway shows.

Charlie Richmond assembled a set [3] of Definitions, Communication Standards, Recommended Working Procedures, Information List, and suggested Contract Addenda to the ADC in 1990 in order to assist them in creating a Sound Design contract which finally occurred in 2004.

Other audio positions in a production that may or may not be filled by the designer include that of the production engineer.

History

It's known that in India and China around 3000 BC there were theatre productions accompanied by music and sound. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Commedia Dell'arte style also used both music and sound effects. Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds

Italian Futurist composer Luigi Russolo, built mechanical sound-making devices, called intonarumori, for Futurist theatrical/music performances starting around 1913. Luigi Russolo ( April 30, 1885 - February 4, 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter and Composer, and the author of The Intonarumori (noise intoners were a family of Musical instruments invented in 1913 by Italian Futurist painter and musical composer Luigi Russolo These devices were meant to simulate natural and manmade sounds, such as trains and bombs. Russolo's treatise The Art of Noises, is arguably the first written document on the use of abstract noise in the theatre; he might be called the grandfather of conceptual sound designers. The Art of Noises (L'arte dei Rumori is a Futurist manifesto written by Luigi Russolo in a 1913 letter to friend and Futurist composer Francesco After his death, his intonarumori were used in more conventional theatre performances to create realistic sound effects.

Possibly the first use of recorded sound in the theatre, as mentioned in Michael Booth’s book ‘Theatre in the Victorian Age’, was a phonograph playing a baby’s cry in a London theatre in 1890. Sixteen years later, Beerbohm Tree definitely used recordings in his London production of Stephen Phillips’ tragedy NERO. The event is marked in the Theatre Magazine (1906) with two photographs; one showing a musician blowing a bugle into a large horn attached to a disc recorder, the other with an actor recording the agonizing shrieks and groans of the tortured martyrs. The article states: “these sounds are all realistically reproduced by the gramophone”. As cited by Bertolt Brecht, there was a play about Rasputin written in (1927) by Alexej Tolstoi and directed by Erwin Piscator that included a recording of Lenin's voice. (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi (Алексей Николаевич Толстой ( January 10, 1883 ( December 29, 1882 ( O Erwin Friedrich Maximilian Piscator ( 17 December, 1893 in Greifenstein -Ulm – 30 March, 1966) was a German Theatre It would not be however until the 1950s, when Hollywood directors started directing Broadway productions, that sound design would start growing. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Still, there was no sound designer in those plays; it was the stage manager's duty to find the sound effects and an electrician played the recordings during performances. Stage management is a sub-discipline of Stagecraft. Although a somewhat fluid line of work in essence the stage management team (which can consist of a production For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds An electrician is a Tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings and related equipment But even though the sound designer has basically assumed these roles, time and technology have not ruled out non-sound designers having a hand in sound production. For instance, since today's audiences are savvier and can readily distinguish between live and recorded sounds, live backstage sound effects are still used (e. g. gun shots) by the stage manager (or assistant stage manager) for premium "aural illusion. "

Between 1980 and 1988, USITT's first Sound Design Commissioner oversaw efforts of their Sound Design Commission to define the duties, responsibilities, standards and procedures which might normally be expected of a theatre sound designer in North America. Charlie Richmond is an entrepreneur and inventor born 1950-01-05. The Sound Design Commission is a society which assists and promotes theatrical technical professions in the United States. This subject is still regularly discussed by that group, but during that time, substantial conclusions were drawn and he wrote a document which, although now somewhat dated, provides a succinct record of what was expected at that time. It was subsequently provided to both the ADC and David Goodman at the Florida USA local when they were both planning to represent sound designers in the 1990s.

MIDI and digital technology helped the field to evolve exponentially during the 1980s and 1990s. MIDI ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface, ˈmɪdi is an industry-standard protocol that enables Electronic musical instruments Computers A digital system uses discrete (discontinuous values usually but not always Symbolized Numerically (hence called "digital" to represent information for Features of computerized theatre sound design systems were recognized as being essential for live show control systems by Walt Disney World when they utilized systems of that type to control many facilities at their Disney-MGM Studios theme park, which opened in 1989. Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance Show control is the use of Technology to link together and operate multiple Entertainment control systems in a coordinated manner Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels Disney's Hollywood Studios is a Theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. These features were incorporated into the MIDI Show Control (MSC) specification, ratified by the MIDI Manufacturers Association in 1991. MIDI Show Control, or MSC, is a significant Real Time System Exclusive extension of the international Musical Instrument Digital Interface ( MIDI The MIDI Manufacturers Association, also known as MMA is an organization where companies work together to create the standards that assure compatibility among MIDI The MIDI Show Control standard is an open, industry wide communications protocol through which all types of show devices may easily interact. In the field of Telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation signaling authentication and error detection required to

To create the MSC spec, Charlie Richmond headed the USITT MIDI Forum on their Callboard Network in 1990, which included developers and designers from the theatre sound and lighting industry from around the world. Charlie Richmond is an entrepreneur and inventor born 1950-01-05. The Callboard Network was an electronic communication network operated by the University of Alberta for USITT in the late 1980s and early 1990s This Forum created the MIDI Show Control standard between January and September, 1990. This was ratified by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) in January 1991, and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC) later that year, becoming a part of the standard MIDI specification in August, 1991. The MIDI Manufacturers Association, also known as MMA is an organization where companies work together to create the standards that assure compatibility among MIDI The Japan MIDI Standards Committee is the body that ratifies and proposes MIDI standards within the Japanese manufacturing and developer community The first show to fully utilize the MSC specification was the Magic Kingdom Parade at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom in September, 1991. The Magic Kingdom Parade is a large theatrical presentation at the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World which dates back to the beginning of the theme park Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels This article is about the Theme park at Walt Disney World Resort.

Also, the World Wide Web has greatly enhanced the ability of sound designers to acquire source material quickly, easily and cheaply. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. Nowadays, a designer can preview and download crisper, more "believable" sounds as opposed to toiling through time- and budget-draining "shot-in-the-dark" searches through record stores, libraries and "the grapevine" for (often) inferior recordings. In addition, software innovation has enabled sound designers to take more of a DIY (or "do-it-yourself") approach. From the comfort of their home and at any hour, they can simply use a computer, speakers and headphones rather than renting (or buying) costly equipment or studio space and time for editing and mixing. This provides for faster creation and negotiation with the director.

Awards

Even though there have been continual, extraordinary advances in technology and even more demand for top-quality sound, sound design is still struggling to obtain acceptance. On June 19, 2007 a new category was added to the Tony Awards honoring sound design. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented Sound design has fast become an integral part of the design process for many theatres and sound designers often hold similar, if not superior positions in the creative team to the lighting designer and other designers. The role of the lighting designer (or LD) within Theatre is to work with the director, Set designer, Costume designer, and sometimes

Some of the major North American theatrical award organizations that recognize sound designers are

The British equivalent of these are;

Music

In contemporary music, especially rock music, ambient music, progressive rock, and similar genres, the record producer and recording engineer play distinct roles in the creation of the overall sound (or soundscape) of a recording, and less often, of a live performance. These Helen Hayes Awards are given annually for excellence in production design for professional theatres in the Washington DC metropolitan area The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards bestowed by The Village Voice newspaper to Off-Broadway Theater The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented The Laurence Olivier Award is regarded as the most prestigious award in British theatre and is presented in recognition of artistic achievement in London theatre The Evening Standard Theatre Awards, established in 1955 are presented annually for outstanding achievements in London Theatre. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Ambient music is a Musical genre in which sound is more important than notes Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of Sound through mechanical and electronic means A soundscape is a Sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. The record producer is chiefly responsible for extracting the best performance possible from the musicians and for making both musical and technical decisions about the instrumental timbres, arrangements, etc. In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing On certain ambitious and complex recording projects, artists and producers have relied on sonic consultants, often credited as "sound designer", to help them to create specific auditory effects, landscapes, or to ensure an overall consistency and quality of some of the (usually unconventional) sonic elements. In such arrangements, the producer may put almost all of his or her attention on managing the recording session and working closely with the musicians on their performances and interpretations of the material; the recording engineer may dedicate all of his or her time to capturing these performances on tape (or hard disk); the sound designer may then help to create the overall sound, the integration of recording technology with musical instrument technology, the presentation that is the phonographic equivalent of decisions in movie-making about what type of lens to use on the camera, whether or not to use soft focus, and what kind of lighting to use on a scene. Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of Sound through mechanical and electronic means Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance

In applied research in electroacoustic and computer programming for contemporary music or electronic music, the Sound Designer is a specialist who is usually there to help the composer to do the electroacoustic portion of the composition. Often, the composer comes with an idea (concept + score) and the Sound Designer assists the composer with new technology and unique equipment. Examples include sound synthesis, interaction between acoustic instruments and computers, realization of a computer program in many different languages (often Max-MSP/Jitter), gesture capture with sensors or cameras, video treatment and interaction between video and sound. Historically, the Sound Designer was often called the "Musical Assistant". Some of the many examples of research centers working with Sound Designers include Forum Neues Musiktheater of Stuttgart, IRCAM in Paris or synArt in Antibes.

Notable examples of sound design are the contributions of Michael Brook to the U2 album The Joshua Tree, George Massenburg to the Jennifer Warnes album Famous Blue Raincoat, Chris Thomas to the Pink Floyd album Dark Side of the Moon, and Brian Eno to the Paul Simon album Surprise. Michael Brook (born 1951 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian Guitarist, Inventor, producer, and Film The Joshua Tree is the fifth Studio album by Irish rock band U2, released 9 March 1987 on Island Records. George Y Massenburg (b Baltimore Maryland, United States is an award-winning Recording engineer and Inventor. Jennifer Jean Warnes (born March 3 1947 in Seattle, Washington) is an American singer and songwriter " Famous Blue Raincoat " is a song by Leonard Cohen. It appears on his third album Songs of Love and Hate, released 1971. Chris Thomas (born January 13, 1947) is a British Record producer who has worked extensively with Pink Floyd, Elton John, Paul Pink Floyd are The Dark Side of the Moon (titled Dark Side of the Moon in the 1993 CD edition is a Concept album by the British Progressive Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13 1941 is an American Songwriter, Musician, and member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

External links

Film

Theatre

Multimedia

Radio

Qualifications

There are relatively few accredited Sound Design courses - the first three below lead to Equity or Bectu Membership and are accredited by NCDT [4]and CDS [5]

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