Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation).
Soul
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
late 1950s United States (esp. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression The United States of America —commonly referred to as the New York, Chicago, Illinois)
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularity International, 1960s through early 1980s
Derivative forms Contemporary R&B - Disco - Funk - Quiet Storm
Subgenres
Blue-eyed soul - Brown-eyed soul - Motown Sound - Psychedelic soul
Fusion genres
Neo soul - Soul blues - Soul jazz - Soul rock - Spoken word soul
Regional scenes
Detroit soul - Memphis soul - Northern soul - Philly soul - Southern soul
Other topics
Soul Musicians

Soul music is a music genre that combines rhythm and blues and gospel music, originating in the United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells In a Symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn a brass instrument descended Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Quiet storm is a late-night radio format featuring soulful Slow jams pioneered in the mid-1970s by then-station-intern Melvin Lindsey at WHUR-FM, Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Blue-eyed soul (also known as white soul) is a term used to describe R&B or Soul music performed by white artists Chicano rock is a rock music performed by Mexican American ( Chicano) groups or music with themes derived "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Psychedelic soul is a concept used to categorize music that features elements of Psychedelic rock and soul / Funk music This article is about the musical genre For the Yael Naim song see New Soul. Soul blues is a style of Blues music developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s that combines elements of Soul music and urban contemporary music Soul jazz was a development of Hard bop which incorporated strong influences from Blues, Gospel and Rhythm and blues in music for small Spoken Word Soul -An eclectic blend of Poetry, Jazz-funk, Electronica & acoustic Country soul music elements "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Memphis soul is stylish funky, uptown Soul music that is not as hard edged as Southern soul. Northern soul is a type of mid-tempo and uptempo heavy-beat Soul music (of mainly African American origin that was popularized in Northern England from For the American arena football team see Philadelphia Soul. Philadelphia (or Philly soul, sometimes called the Philadelphia Sound or Sweet Philly Southern soul is a type of Soul music that emerged from the Southern United States. This is a list of Soul musicians who have either been influential within the genre or have had a considerable amount of fame A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [1] According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky, secular testifying. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. "[2]

The performance is very emotional, and the melody is decorated with improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds. Musical Improvisation is the creative activity of immediate Musical composition, which combines performance with communication of emotions and instrumental Catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and plastic body moves, are an important feature. [1] Other characteristics are a call and response between the soloist and the chorus, and an especially tense vocal sound. In Music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different Musicians where the second phrase is heard as a direct [1]

Contents

Origins

Soul music has some of its roots in gospel music and rhythm and blues. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to [1]Many consider soul music to be a genre of music created by African Americans in northern United States inner cities, particularly Chicago. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Other areas, such as Detroit and Memphis, Tennessee quickly followed and created their own regional soul music style, due to their gospel roots. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. Some of the elements from Chicago and other parts of the United States, such as the south, brought some raw unpolished funky talent to heavily-populated inner cities, where soul became polished and perfected. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul

Sam Cooke, Nina Simone, Jackie Wilson, and Etta James were early popular stars of the music genre, and other soul forerunners include: Mahalia Jackson, Louis Jordan, and Big Joe Turner. Sam Cooke ( January 22, 1931 &ndash December 11, 1964) was an American gospel, R&B, soul, and Eunice Kathleen Waymon, better known by her Stage name Nina Simone ( IPA: ninɐ sʌmɞnɑ (February 21 1933 – April 21 2003 was a fifteen-time Jack Leroy "Jackie" Wilson Jr ( June 9, 1934 &ndash January 21, 1984) was an American singer Etta James (born Jamesetta Hawkins on January 25, 1938) is an American Blues, soul, R&B, Rock & roll A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Mahalia Jackson (October 26 1911 In 1929 Jackson met the composer Thomas A Louis Jordan ( July 8, 1908 – February 4, 1975) was a pioneering American Jazz, Blues and Rhythm & blues For the Ice hockey player see Joe Turner Big Joe Turner (born Joseph Vernon Turner Jr Some of the earliest soul artists included Ray Charles, Little Richard, Fats Domino and James Brown, although all were happy to call themselves rock and roll performers at the time. Ray Charles Robinson ( September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004) known by his Stage name Ray Charles, was an American Rev Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5 1932 better known by the Stage name Little Richard, is an American Singer, Songwriter Antoine Dominique "Fats" Domino (born February 26, 1928 in New Orleans Louisiana) is a classic R&B and Rock and roll James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African During the 1960s Beatles boom, both Charles and Brown claimed that they had always really been R&B singers. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Little Richard proclaimed himself the "king of rockin' and rollin', rhythm and blues soulin'", because his music embodied elements of all three, and because he inspired artists in all three genres. Solomon Burke's early recordings for Atlantic Records codified the soul style, and his early 1960s songs "Cry to Me", "Just Out of Reach" and "Down in the Valley" are considered classics of the genre. Solomon Burke (born March 21 1940) is an American Grammy Award -winning Singer / Songwriter. Atlantic Records ( Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American Record label best known for its many recordings of Rhythm & blues, Rock Peter Guralnick writes, "it was only with the coming together of Burke and Atlantic Records that you could see anything resembling a movement. Peter Guralnick (born December 15, 1943, in Boston Massachusetts) is an American music critic, writer on music and historian of "

An important center of soul music recording was Florence, Alabama, where the Fame Studios operated. Florence is a city in and the County seat of Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States, in the northwestern corner of the state Jimmy Hughes, Percy Sledge and Arthur Alexander recorded at Fame, and Aretha Franklin recorded in the area later in the 1960s. Percy Sledge (born November 25, 1940) is an American R&B and soul performer Arthur Alexander ( May 10, 1940 – June 9, 1993) born in Sheffield Alabama, was perhaps one of the biggest stars to arise out Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25 1942 Franklin has had a total of twenty number-one singles on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart, two of which became #1 hits on the Fame Studios, often referred to as Muscle Shoals (after a town neighboring Florence), enjoyed a close relationship with Stax, and many of the musicians and producers who worked in Memphis contributed to recordings done in Alabama. Muscle Shoals is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America.

Another notable Memphis label was Goldwax Records, owned by Quinton Claunch. Goldwax signed O.V. Wright and James Carr, who went on to make several records that are considered essentials of the genre. OV Wright (b Overton Vertis Wright October 9[[ 939]] Leno Tennessee - d November 16[[ 980]] Memphis Tennessee) was an American James Carr ( June 13, 1942 - January 7, 2001) was an American Rhythm & Blues and soul musical artist Carr's "The Dark End of the Street" (written by Chips Moman and Dan Penn) was recorded at two other important Memphis studios, Royal Recording and American Sound Studios, in 1967. " The Dark End of the Street " is a 1967 soul song written by Muscle Shoals songwriter Dan Penn and Chips Moman and first Lincoln Wayne "Chips" Moman (born 1936 La Grange, Georgia) is an American Record producer, Guitarist and Songwriter Wallace Daniel Pennington ( 16 November 1941 - is an American Singer, Songwriter, Record producer and sometime guitar player American Studios owner Chips Moman produced "The Dark End of the Street", and the musicians were his house band of Reggie Young, Bobby Woods, Tommy Cogbill and Gene Chrisman. A house band is a group of musicians often centrally organized by a band leader who regularly play an establishment Reggie Young has been the trombonist with the funk group Earth Wind & Fire since 1987 Carr also made recordings at Fame Studios, utilizing musicians David Hood, Jimmy Johnson and Roger Hawkins. David Hood is a bassist from Muscle Shoals Alabama. He also plays the Trombone and is a member of Jimmy Johnson is a member of the legendary Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section that was attached to FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals Alabama for an extended period

Aretha Franklin's 1967 recordings, such as "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)", "Respect" (originally sung by Otis Redding), and "Do Right Woman-Do Right Man", are considered the apogee of the soul music genre, and were among its most commercially successful productions. " Respect " is a song written and originally released by Stax recording artist Otis Redding in 1965 In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from During the late 1960s, Stax artists such as Eddie Floyd and Johnnie Taylor made significant contributions to soul music. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. Eddie Floyd (born Eddie Lee Floyd 25 June 1937 Montgomery Alabama) is a Soul/R&B singer and songwriter best known for his work on Stax Records in the 1960s and 1970s Johnnie Harrison Taylor ( May 5 1937 &ndash May 31 2000) was an American vocalist in a wide variety of genres from Howard Tate's recordings in the late 1960s for Verve Records, and later for Atlantic (produced by Jerry Ragovoy) are another notable body of work in the soul genre. Howard Tate is an American Soul music singer and songwriter He was born August 14 1939, near Macon Georgia, and moved with his family to Verve Records is an American Jazz Record label now owned by the Universal Music Group.

Motown Records also contributed to the soul canon, although at the time, the Detroit-based label described itself as a manufacturer of pop music. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Music by Motown artists such as Stevie Wonder, Gladys Knight, and Marvin Gaye did much to popularise the style, and the overall Motown sound did much to define what later became known as northern soul. Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an Gladys Maria Knight, "The Empress of Soul" (born May 28, 1944) is a seven-time Grammy Award -winning American Marvin Pentz Gay Jr, known as Marvin Gaye ( April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984) was an American Singer-songwriter Northern soul is a type of mid-tempo and uptempo heavy-beat Soul music (of mainly African American origin that was popularized in Northern England from In Chicago, Curtis Mayfield created the sweet soul sound that later earned him a reputation as the Godfather of northern soul. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Curtis Lee Mayfield ( June 3, 1942 – December 26, 1999) was an American soul, R&B, and Funk As a member of The Impressions, Mayfield infused a call and response style of group singing that resembled the gospel style, and influenced many other groups of the era. The Impressions are an American Music group from Chicago, originally formed in 1958 Call and response is a form of "spontaneous verbal and non-verbal interaction between speaker and listener in which all of the statements ('calls' are punctuated by expressions ('responses'

By 1968, the soul music movement had begun to splinter, as James Brown and Sly & the Family Stone began to evolve both soul and rhythm and blues into other forms. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. Guralnick argues that, "More than anything else, though, what seems to me to have brought the era of soul to a grinding, unsettling halt was the death of Martin Luther King in April of 1968. "

1970s

Later examples of soul music include recordings by The Staple Singers (such as I'll Take You There), and Al Green's 1970s recordings,done at Willie Mitchell's' Royal Recording in Memphis. The Staple Singers were an American gospel, soul, and R&B singing group Albert Greene (born April 13 1946 better known as Al Green, is an American gospel and Soul music singer who received great acclaim in Willie Mitchell is a soul, R&B, Rock and roll, pop and Funk music producer and arranger who runs Royal Recording Mitchell's Hi Records continued the Stax tradition in that decade, releasing many hits by Green, Ann Peebles, Otis Clay, O. Hi Records was a Memphis soul and Rockabilly label started by singer Ray Harris, record store owner Joe Cuoghi Bill Cantrell and Quinton Claunch in 1957 Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. Ann Peebles (born April 27 1947, in St Louis Missouri) is an Internationally acclaimed Singer and Songwriter best known V. Wright and Syl Johnson. For the Major League Baseball pitcher see Syl Johnson Syl Johnson (born July 1 1936) is an American Bobby Womack, who recorded with Chips Moman in the late 1960s, continued to produce soul recordings in the 1970s and 1980s. Robert Dwayne "Bobby" Womack (ˈwoʊmæk (born March 4 1944 is an American Singer-songwriter and Musician.

In Detroit, producer Don Davis worked with Stax artists such as Johnnie Taylor and The Dramatics. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. The Dramatics (formerly The Dynamics) are a Soul music Vocal group, formed in Detroit, Michigan in 1962 Early 1970s recordings by The Detroit Emeralds, such as Do Me Right, are a link between soul and the later disco style. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Motown Records artists such as Marvin Gaye and Smokey Robinson contributed to the evolution of soul music, although their recordings were considered more in a pop music vein than those of Redding, Franklin and Carr. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Marvin Pentz Gay Jr, known as Marvin Gaye ( April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984) was an American Singer-songwriter William "Smokey" Robinson Jr (born February 19 1940 is an American R&B and soul Singer-songwriter, Record producer, Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Although stylistically different from classic soul music, recordings by Chicago-based artists such as Jerry Butler and The Chi-Lites are often considered part of the genre. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Jerry Butler (born Jerry Butler Jr December 8, 1939, Sunflower, Mississippi) is an American soul Singer The Chi-Lites (pronounced "SHY-lights" in IPA, ˈʃaɪlaɪts are a Chicago -based smooth soul Vocal group, best known for their worldwide

By the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres. Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. The social and political ferment of the times inspired artists like Gaye and Curtis Mayfield to release album-length statements with hard-hitting social commentary. Curtis Lee Mayfield ( June 3, 1942 – December 26, 1999) was an American soul, R&B, and Funk Artists like James Brown led soul towards funk music, which became typified by 1970s bands like Parliament-Funkadelic and The Meters. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul The bands Parliament and Funkadelic cannot be easily separated The Meters were an American Funk band based in New Orleans Louisiana. More versatile groups like War, the Commodores and Earth, Wind and Fire became popular around this time. War is an American Funk band from California, known for the hit songs " Low Rider " " Spill the Wine " and " The Commodores were a highly successful Funk / soul band of the 1970s and 1980s Earth Wind & Fire is an African - American Funk band led by Maurice White that achieved worldwide success in the 1970s During the 1970s, some slick and commercial blue-eyed soul acts like Philadelphia's Hall & Oates and Oakland's Tower of Power achieved mainstream success, as did a new generation of street-corner harmony or city-soul groups like The Delfonics and Howard University's Unifics. Blue-eyed soul (also known as white soul) is a term used to describe R&B or Soul music performed by white artists Hall & Oates are a Pop music duo made up of Daryl Hall and John Oates. Tower of Power is a 10-member horn-based soul band from Oakland, California. The Delfonics are a Philadelphia soul singing group most popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s

By the end of the 1970s, disco and funk were dominating the charts. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Philly soul and most other soul genres were dominated by disco-inflected tracks. During this period, groups like The O'Jays and The Spinners continued to turn out hits. The O'Jays are a Philadelphia soul group originally consisting of Walter Williams (born August 25, 1942) Bill Isles Bobby Massey William Powell The Spinners are a Detroit, Michigan -based soul Vocal group (active since 1954 and most popular during the 1970s

1980s and later

The emergence of hip hop culture in the late 1970s greatly influenced the soul music that followed in the 1980s. Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa With Afrika Bambaata & The Soulsonic Force enjoying huge hits with beat-heavy tracks like "Planet Rock" and "Looking For The Perfect Beat", soul music-makers realised they would have to make their beats bigger, and also find a way of fusing soul and hip hop music. Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Production teams like James 'Jimmy Jam' Lewis and Terry Harris (former members of The Time), L. A. (Reid) and Babyface created a harder but also lusher almost epic soul sound, providing endless hits for Janet Jackson, Alexander O'Neal, The SOS Band and Bobby Brown. Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16 1966 is an American recording artist and entertainer Alexander O'Neal (born November 15 1953 in Natchez Mississippi) is an American singer The SOS Band is an American Musical ensemble founded in Atlanta Georgia, in 1977. Bobby Brown (born Robert Barisford Brown, on February 5 1969) is an American R&B Singer, Songwriter, and Writer/producer Teddy Riley and others created something called new jack swing (also known as swingbeat), which fused soul and hip hop. Teddy Riley is the name of Teddy Riley (jazz (1924–1992 jazz trumpeter Teddy Riley (producer (born 1967 singer-songwriter musician New jack swing, or "swingbeat" is a hybrid style popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s which fuses the Rhythms samples and production This sound provided hits for acts like Guy, Boyz II Men, Wreckx-n-Effect and Bell Biv DeVoe. Guy is a popular 1980s and 1990s hip hop, R&B and soul band that was one of the early pioneers of hip hop / R&B music and which Boyz II Men is a four-time Grammy Award -winning American R&B / soul singing group from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Wreckx-n-Effect was a New Jack Swing Hip-Hop group who had the multi-platinum hit " Rump Shaker " in 1992 / 1993, which Bel Biv DeVoe was a successful splinter group of New Edition that consisted of three previous members Ricky Bell (a

After the death of disco and funk in the early 1980s, soul music survived for a short time before going through another metamorphosis. With the introduction of influences from electro music and funk, soul music became less raw and more slickly produced, resulting in a newer genre that was called R&B, (often known as contemporary R&B), which sounded very different from the original rhythm and blues style. Electro ( electro-boogie, electro-funk) is a Genre of Electronic music directly influenced by the use of TR-808 and Funk Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian

In early 1980s Chicago, a new dance genre called house was heavily influenced by soul, funk and disco. House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino This was mainly made using synthesizers and other electronic equipment. House and techno rose to mainstream popularity in the late 1980s and remained popular in the 1990s and 2000s. Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s

Also starting in the 1980s, soul music from the United Kingdom become popular worldwide, with artists such as Soul II Soul, Loose Ends, Imagination, Mica Paris and Sade. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Soul II Soul is a 2-time Grammy winning act that emerged at the end of the 1980s from London. Loose Ends was a successful English R&B band that had several Urban contemporary hits The trio was formed in London in 1980 Imagination is the ability to form Mental images/sounds/feelings or the ability to Spontaneously Generate images/sounds/feelings within one's own Mind British soul music became very popular in the 2000s too with artists such as Joss Stone, Terri Walker, Beverley Knight, Corrine Bailey Rae, Adele, Duffy, Amy Winehouse and the Brand New Heavies achieving great success. Joss Stone (born Jocelyn Eve Stoker on 11 April 1987 is an English soul and R&B Singer-songwriter and actress. Terri Walker (born Chanelle Gstettenbauer) is an English R&B and soul Singer-songwriter. Beverley Knight MBE (born March 22, 1973) is an English soul and R&B singer Songwriter, and Record Corinne Bailey Rae (born Corinne Jacqueline Bailey on 26 February 1979) is an English Singer-songwriter and Guitarist Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988 in Enfield, North London) known professionally as Adele, is an English - Welsh Aimee Anne Duffy (born 23 June 1984 in Bangor Gwynedd, Wales) known professionally as Duffy, is a Welsh R&B The Brand New Heavies are an Acid jazz and Funk group formed in 1985 in Ealing, a Suburb of London, England.

The United States saw the development of neo-soul around 1994. This article is about the musical genre For the Yael Naim song see New Soul. Mainstream record label marketing support for soul genres cooled in the 2000s due to the industry's re-focus on hip hop. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music

Soul subgenres

Detroit (Motown) soul

For more details on these topics, see Motown Records and Motown Sound. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan.

Dominated by Berry Gordy's Motown Records empire, Detroit soul is strongly rhythmic, and influenced by gospel music. Berry Gordy Jr (born November 28, 1929, Detroit Michigan) is an American Record producer, and the founder of the Motown "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. The Motown Sound often includes hand clapping, a powerful bass line, violins, bells and other untraditional instruments. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. A clap is the sound made by striking together two flat surfaces as in the body parts of humans or animals The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. Motown's house band was The Funk Brothers, and singers included: Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Martha Reeves & the Vandellas, The Marvelettes, Mary Wells, Diana Ross & the Supremes, The Jackson 5, The Four Tops and Stevie Wonder. The Funk Brothers was the nickname of Detroit Michigan, Session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown Records recordings from 1959 until 1972 Marvin Pentz Gay Jr, known as Marvin Gaye ( April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984) was an American Singer-songwriter The Temptations (sometimes abbreviated as The Temps or The Tempts) are a Grammy -winning vocal group that achieved fame as one of the most successful The Miracles (known from 1965 to 1972 as Smokey Robinson & the Miracles) is an American Rhythm and blues group from Detroit Michigan, notable "The Pips" redirects here For the BBC pips, see Greenwich Time Signal. Martha and the Vandellas (known from 1967 to 1972 as Martha Reeves and the Vandellas) were among the most successful groups in the Motown The Marvelettes were an American singing Girl group on the Motown label Mary Esther Wells ( May 13, 1943 &ndash July 26, 1992) was an American singer who sung a repertoire that included R&B The Supremes were an American female singing group that first formed as a quartet called The Primettes The Jackson 5 (also spelled The Jackson Five or The Jackson 5ive, and later known as The Jacksons) was an American popular music Family The Four Tops are an American vocal Quartet, whose repertoire has included Doo-wop, Jazz, Soul music, R&B, Disco Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an Songwriters included: Holland-Dozier-Holland, Norman Whitfield, Barrett Strong, Smokey Robinson, Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, Ivy Jo Hunter, Roger Penzabene, and Stevie Wonder. Norman Jesse Whitfield ( May 12, 1940  &ndash September 16, 2008) was an American Songwriter and producer, best Barrett Strong (born February 5 1941, West Point, Mississippi) is an American Singer and Songwriter. William "Smokey" Robinson Jr (born February 19 1940 is an American R&B and soul Singer-songwriter, Record producer, Nickolas Ashford (born May 4, 1942, in Fairfield South Carolina) and Valerie Simpson (born August 26, 1946 in Ivy Jo Hunter (born George Ivy Hunter and often confused with blues singer Ivory Joe Hunter) was a soul musician and Rock and roll pioneer a Songwriter Roger Penzabene was a Songwriter for the Motown label Among his most notable compositions are "The End of Our Road" by Gladys Knight & the Pips Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an

Deep soul and southern soul

For more details on this topic, see Deep soul and Southern soul

The terms deep soul and southern soul generally refer to a driving, energetic soul style combining R&B's energy with pulsating southern United States gospel music sounds. Southern soul is a type of Soul music that emerged from the Southern United States. Southern soul is a type of Soul music that emerged from the Southern United States. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to Memphis, Tennessee label Stax Records nurtured a distinctive sound, which included putting vocals further back in the mix than most contemporary R&B records, using vibrant horn parts in place of background vocals, and a focus on the low end of the frequency spectrum. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. The vast majority of Stax releases were backed by house bands Booker T and the MGs (with Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Duck Dunn, and Al Jackson) and the Memphis Horns (the splinter horn section of the Mar-Keys). Booker T Jones (born November 12 1944) is a multi- Instrumentalist, Songwriter, Record producer and Arranger, best Steve "The Colonel" Cropper (born October 21, 1941) is an American guitarist songwriter and producer Donald "Duck" Dunn (born November 24 1941) is an American Bass guitarist Record producer, and Songwriter The Mar-Keys, formed in 1958 were a studio session band for the Stax label from Memphis Tennessee in the 1960s The label counted Otis Redding, Carla Thomas, Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, William Bell, and Eddie Floyd among its stars. Otis Ray Redding Jr ( September 9, 1941 December 10, 1967) was an American soul singer Carla Thomas (born December 21 1942, in Memphis, Tennessee) is often referred to as the Queen of Memphis Soul. Sam & Dave were an American Soul and Rhythm & Blues (R&B vocal duo who performed together from 1961 through 1981 Rufus Thomas Jr ( March 26 1917 – December 15 2001) was a Rhythm and blues, Funk and soul singer and Eddie Floyd (born Eddie Lee Floyd 25 June 1937 Montgomery Alabama) is a Soul/R&B singer and songwriter best known for his work on Stax Records in the 1960s and 1970s

Memphis soul

For more details on this topic, see Memphis soul. Memphis soul is stylish funky, uptown Soul music that is not as hard edged as Southern soul.

Memphis soul is a shimmering, sultry style of soul music produced in the 1960s and 1970s at Stax Records and Hi Records in Memphis, Tennessee. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. Hi Records was a Memphis soul and Rockabilly label started by singer Ray Harris, record store owner Joe Cuoghi Bill Cantrell and Quinton Claunch in 1957 Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. It featured melancholic and melodic horns, organ, bass, and drums, as heard in recordings by Hi's Al Green and Stax's Booker T. & the M.G.'s. Albert Greene (born April 13 1946 better known as Al Green, is an American gospel and Soul music singer who received great acclaim in The latter group also sometimes played in the harder-edged Southern soul style. Southern soul is a type of Soul music that emerged from the Southern United States. The Hi Records house band (Hi Rhythm Section) and producer Willie Mitchell developed a surging soul style heard in the label's 1970s hit recordings. The Hi Rhythm Section was the house band for hit soul albums by several artists including Al Green and Ann Peebles, on Willie Mitchell 's Hi Records Willie Mitchell is a soul, R&B, Rock and roll, pop and Funk music producer and arranger who runs Royal Recording Some Stax recordings fit into this style, but had their own unique sound.

Philadelphia soul

For more details on this topic, see Philadelphia soul. For the American arena football team see Philadelphia Soul. Philadelphia (or Philly soul, sometimes called the Philadelphia Sound or Sweet Philly

Based primarily in the Philadelphia International record label, Philadelphia soul (AKA Philly Soul) had a lush orchestral sound and doo-wop-inspired vocals. Philadelphia International Records is a Record label founded by Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff in 1971. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Doo-wop is a style of vocal-based Rhythm and blues music which developed in African-American communities in the 1940s and which achieved mainstream popularity both in the 1950s Thom Bell, and Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff are considered the founders of Philadelphia soul, which was dominated by artists such as The Spinners, The Delfonics, The O'Jays, The Stylistics, The Intruders, Patti LaBelle, MFSB, The Three Degrees, Daryl Hall & John Oates, Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, McFadden & Whitehead and, for a time, The Temptations. Thom Bell was the Record producer behind much of the Philadelphia soul subgenre of Soul music in the 1970s The Spinners are a Detroit, Michigan -based soul Vocal group (active since 1954 and most popular during the 1970s The Delfonics are a Philadelphia soul singing group most popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s The O'Jays are a Philadelphia soul group originally consisting of Walter Williams (born August 25, 1942) Bill Isles Bobby Massey William Powell The Stylistics were one of the best-known Philadelphia soul groups of the 1970s The Intruders is a former American soul Music group most popular in the 1960s and 1970s Patricia Louise Holte (born May 24 1944) best known as her stage name Patti Labelle, is an American R&B and soul MFSB (short for "Mother Father Sister Brother") was a pool of more than thirty resident Studio musicians based at Philadelphia’s famed The Three Degrees are a female Philly soul and Disco vocal Musical group formed in 1963 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Hall & Oates are a Pop music duo made up of Daryl Hall and John Oates. Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes were an American singing group one of the most popular Philadelphia soul groups of the 1970s McFadden and Whitehead were an American songwriting, production, and recording duo best known for their signature tune "Ain't No Stoppin' Us The Temptations (sometimes abbreviated as The Temps or The Tempts) are a Grammy -winning vocal group that achieved fame as one of the most successful

Psychedelic soul

For more details on this topic, see Psychedelic soul. Psychedelic soul is a concept used to categorize music that features elements of Psychedelic rock and soul / Funk music

Psychedelic soul was a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music in the late 1960s, which paved the way for the mainstream emergence of funk music a few years later. Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Principal figures included multicultural band Sly & the Family Stone, Curtis Mayfield, The Fifth Dimension, and (with producer Norman Whitfield) The Temptations and The Undisputed Truth. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. Curtis Lee Mayfield ( June 3, 1942 – December 26, 1999) was an American soul, R&B, and Funk The Fifth Dimension, also known as The 5th Dimension, is an American Popular music Vocal group, whose repertoire also includes pop Norman Jesse Whitfield ( May 12, 1940  &ndash September 16, 2008) was an American Songwriter and producer, best The Temptations (sometimes abbreviated as The Temps or The Tempts) are a Grammy -winning vocal group that achieved fame as one of the most successful

Blue-eyed soul

For more details on this topic, see Blue-eyed soul. Blue-eyed soul (also known as white soul) is a term used to describe R&B or Soul music performed by white artists

Blue-eyed soul, (also known as white soul) is a term used to describe R&B or soul music performed by white artists. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. The term doesn't refer to a distinct style of music, and the meaning of blue-eyed soul has evolved over decades. Originally the term was associated with mid-1960s white artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music released by Motown Records and Stax Records. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. The term continued to be used in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly by the British media to describe a new generation of singers who adopted elements of the Stax and Motown sounds. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. To a lesser extent, the term has been applied to singers in other music genres that are influenced by soul music. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Notable blue-eyed soul artists include Joe Cocker, George Michael, Hall & Oates, Righteous Brothers, Boy George, The Action, The Rascals, Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels, The Soul Survivors, Dusty Springfield, Bobbie Gentry, Mina, Average White Band, Duffy, B.J. Thomas, Amy Winehouse and Joss Stone. Joe Cocker OBE (born 20 May 1944 is an English rock / Blues Singer who came to popularity in the 1960s and is most known for his gritty Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (Γεώργιος Κυριάκος Παναγιώτου (born 25 June 1963 best known as George Michael, is a two-time Grammy Award winning Hall & Oates are a Pop music duo made up of Daryl Hall and John Oates. The Righteous Brothers were the Musical duo of Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield. Boy George (born George Alan O'Dowd 14 June 1961 in Eltham London) is an English Singer-songwriter, who was part of the English New The Action were an English band of the 1960s They were part of the mod Subculture, and played Soul music -influenced Pop music The Rascals (initially known as The Young Rascals) were an American soul and rock group of the 1960s Mitch Ryder (born William S Levise Jr, February 26 1945, in Hamtramck Michigan) is The Soul Survivors were a Philadelphia R&B group known for their 1967 hit "Expressway to Your Heart" which was the first hit by Philadelphia soul Mary Isabel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien OBE ( 16 April, 1939 &ndash 2 March, 1999) professionally known as Dusty Springfield Roberta Lee Streeter (born July 27 1944, Chickasaw County Mississippi) professionally known as Bobbie Gentry, is an American Singer-songwriter Mina Anna Mazzini (born in Busto Arsizio on 25 March 1940) professionally known as Mina, is an Italian pop Singer Aimee Anne Duffy (born 23 June 1984 in Bangor Gwynedd, Wales) known professionally as Duffy, is a Welsh R&B B J Thomas ( Billy Joe Thomas, b August 7, 1942, in Hugo Oklahoma) is an American popular singer known for his chart-topping hits in Joss Stone (born Jocelyn Eve Stoker on 11 April 1987 is an English soul and R&B Singer-songwriter and actress.

Neo soul

For more details on this topic, see Neo soul. This article is about the musical genre For the Yael Naim song see New Soul.

The term neo soul is a marketing phrase coined by producer and record label executive Kedar Massenburg to describe a musical blend of 1970s soul-style vocals and instrumentation with contemporary R&B sounds, hip hop beats and poetic interludes. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Kedar Massenburg is an American Record producer and Record label executive who was the president of Motown Records from 1997 to 2004 Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. The style was developed in the early to mid 1990s by artists such as Omar Lye-Fook, Maxwell, D'Angelo and Soul II Soul. Omar Lye-Fook (born October 14 1968 in London) also known as Omar, is an internationally acclaimed British soul singer songwriter Michael Eugene Archer (born February 11, 1974) better known by his Stage name D'Angelo, is a Grammy Award winning African Soul II Soul is a 2-time Grammy winning act that emerged at the end of the 1980s from London. Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, Jill Scott and Angie Stone helped popularize the sound. Erica Abi Wright (born February 26 1971 better known by her Stage name Erykah Badu is a Grammy -nominated American soul Lauryn Noel Hill is a Grammy Award -winning American Singer, Rapper, Musician, Songwriter, producer, and Jill Scott (born April 4 1972) is an American soul and R&B Singer-songwriter, Poet, and actress Angie Stone (born Angela Laverne Brown on January 30 1961) is an American R&B, soul, and Neo soul Other notable performers include Rahsaan Patterson, Cody Chesnutt, Jaguar Wright, Eric Benet, Amel Larrieux, Adriana Evans, Raphael Saadiq, India.Arie, Lalah Hathaway, Anthony Hamilton, Musiq, Amp Fiddler, Alicia Keys, Joss Stone, Floetry, Vivian Green, Leela James, Frank McComb, Goapele, and N'dambi, as well as newcomers Conya Doss, Ledisi, Maysa, Maya Azucena, Rachael Bell and Eric Roberson. Rahsaan Patterson (born January 11, 1974) is an African-American Singer and Actor, best known for portraying "The Kid" Cody ChesnuTT is an American Musician of Jamaican descent from Atlanta Georgia, whose music blends elements of rock, Funk Jaguar Wright is a soul / R&B vocalist from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Eric Benét Jordan (born October 15, 1966 in Milwaukee Wisconsin) is a Grammy -nominated platinum-selling American Amel Larrieux (born March 8 1973 is an American soul and R&B Singer-songwriter and Keyboardist. Adriana Evans, also known as Adriana Madera is an American R&B vocalist Raphael Saadiq (born Charlie Ray Wiggins on May 14 1966 in Oakland California) is an acclaimed American music artist IndiaArie (born India Arie Simpson on October 3 1975) is an American soul, R&B, and Neo soul Singer-songwriter Lalah Hathaway (born Eulaulah Hathaway is a contemporary R&B and Jazz singer Anthony Hamilton (born January 28, 1971 in Charlotte, North Carolina) is an American R&B, soul, and Taalib Johnson (born September 16, 1977) better known by his stage name Musiq Soulchild or Musiq ('mjusɪk is a soul artist whose style Joseph "Amp" Fiddler is an American keyboardist, Singer, Songwriter and Record producer from Detroit Michigan Alicia J Augello-Cook (born January 25 1981 professionally known as Alicia Keys, is an American R&B, soul, and Neo soul Joss Stone (born Jocelyn Eve Stoker on 11 April 1987 is an English soul and R&B Singer-songwriter and actress. Floetry are an English R&B, soul, Neo soul, and hip hop duo The members of the group are Singer / Songwriter Vivian Green (born 1980 is an American R&B Singer, Songwriter, and Pianist. Leela James (born June 2 1983 in Los Angeles, California) is an American R&B, soul, and Neo soul Singer-songwriter Frank McComb (born July 15, 1970, Cleveland, Ohio, US) is a Soul Singer and Keyboardist. Goapele (pronounced gwah-puh-LAY (born on July 11, 1977) is an American soul and R&B Singer-songwriter. N'dambi (meaning Most Beautiful is a soul singer from Dallas TX Ledisi Anibade Young (ˈlɛdɨsiː is a Grammy-nominated R&B singer-songwriter from New Orleans. "Maysa" redirects here This article is about the Brazilian bossa nova artist Rachael Bell is a singer/songwriter/pianist and guitarist from London who formerly appeared professionally as "RachaelRachael Eric Roberson is a Soul artist from Rahway New Jersey, United States. A key musical element in the Neo Soul artist/producer's arsenal is typically a heavy dose of Fender Rhodes or Wurlitzer electric piano pads over a mellow, grooving interplay between the drums (usually with a rim shot snare sound) and a muted, deep funky bass. A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical Musical instrument, a brand of Electric piano. The Wurlitzer electric piano was one of a series of electromechanical stringless pianos manufactured and marketed by the Rudolph Wurlitzer Company Corinth The Fender Rhodes piano sound gives the music of this sub-genre a "vintage", warm, organic character, reminiscent of the 1970s-era recordings of Stevie Wonder and Donny Hathaway, as well as the work of Roy Ayers on his Mystic Voyage and Everybody Loves the Sunshine albums. Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an Donny Hathaway ( October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was an American soul musician Roy Ayers (born September 10, 1940, Los Angeles) is a Funk, soul and Jazz Vibraphone player

Northern soul and modern soul

Further information: Northern soul & Modern soul

The phrase northern soul was coined by journalist Dave Godin and popularised in 1970 through his column in Blues and Soul magazine. Northern soul is a type of mid-tempo and uptempo heavy-beat Soul music (of mainly African American origin that was popularized in Northern England from Modern Soul is a style of music with associated clothing and dance styles (precursors to the Disco era that developed in Northern England in the early 1970s David Edward Godin ( June 21, 1936, Peckham, London - October 15, 2004 in Rotherham, England was an English fan of American [3] The term refers to rare soul music that was played by DJs at nightclubs in northern England. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line The playlists originally consisted of obscure 1960s and early 1970s American soul recordings with an uptempo beat, such as those on Motown Records and more obscure labels such as Okeh Records. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Uptempo (also spelled up-tempo) is a generally used term especially in music but also in other areas meaning a fast lively or increased tempo or played or done in such a tempo "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Okeh Records began as an Independent record label based in the United States of America in Modern soul developed when northern soul DJs began looking in record shops in the United States and United Kingdom for music that was more complex and contemporary. Modern Soul is a style of music with associated clothing and dance styles (precursors to the Disco era that developed in Northern England in the early 1970s The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located What emerged was a richer sound that was more advanced in terms of Hi-Fi and FM radio technology. High fidelity or hi-fi reproduction is a term used by home stereo listeners and home audio enthusiasts ( Audiophiles to refer to high-quality reproduction See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that

See also

Audio samples

References

  1. ^ a b c d Valter Ojakäär (1983). Popmuusikast. Eesti Raamat.  
  2. ^ Otis Redding
  3. ^ For Dancers Only by Chris Hunt, Mojo. Chris Hunt is a magazine editor journalist and author He has worked in journalism for over twenty years most often writing about football or rock music 2002]

Bibliography

External links

Dictionary

soul music

-noun

  1. a combination of rhythm and blues and gospel music developed by African Americans in the late 1950s
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic