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Sorghum

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Sorghum
L.
Species

About 30 species, see text

Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family Poales is an order of Flowering plants in the Monocotyledons and includes families of plants such as the grasses, Bromeliads, Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. In Agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any Foodstuff that is used specifically to feed Domesticated Livestock, such as The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents in addition to Oceania and Australasia. Australasia is a Region of Oceania: New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and neighbouring Islands in the Pacific Sorghum is in the subfamily Panicoideae and the tribe Andropogoneae (the tribe of big bluestem and sugar cane). Panicoideae is a Subfamily of the true grass family. Andropogoneae is a tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) widespread throughout tropical and temperate regions Big Bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii) is a tall bunch grass native to much of the Prairie and Great Plains regions of North Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Sorghum is known as great millet and guinea corn in West Africa, kafir corn in South Africa, dura in Sudan, mtama in eastern Africa, jowar in India and kaoliang in China. [1]

For more specific details on commercially exploited Sorghum see commercial sorghum. Commercial sorghum refers to the cultivation and commercial exploitation of species of grasses within the genus Sorghum.

Contents

History

Most cultivated varieties of sorghum can be traced back to Africa, where they grow on savanna lands. In ancient times sorghum was also grown in India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country During the Muslim Agricultural Revolution, sorghum was planted extensively in parts of the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. The Islamic Golden Age from the 8th century to the 13th century witnessed a fundamental transformation in Agriculture known as the Arab Agricultural The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan [2] The name "sorghum" comes from Italian "sorgo", in turn from Latin "Syricum (granum)" meaning "grain of Syria".

Tenth century records indicate that it was widely grown in Iraq, and became the principal food of Kirman in Persia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Kerman (کرمان is a city in Iran. It is the center of Kerman province. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia In addition to the eastern parts of the Muslim world, the crop was also grown in Egypt and later in Islamic Spain. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or From Islamic Spain it was introduced to Christian Spain and then France (by the twelfth century). In the Muslim world, sorghum was grown usually in areas where the soil was poor or the weather too hot and dry to grow other crops. [2]

African slaves introduced sorghum into the U.S. in the early 17th century. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Cultivation and uses

Sorghum output in 2005.
Sorghum output in 2005.

Numerous Sorghum species are used for food (as grain and in sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"), fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, as well as biofuels. Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Sweet sorghum is any of the many varieties of Sorghum which have a high sugar content In Agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any Foodstuff that is used specifically to feed Domesticated Livestock, such as Most species are drought tolerant and heat tolerant and are especially important in arid regions. A xerophyte or xerophytic organism ( xero meaning dry phyte meaning plant is a Plant which is able to survive in an ecosystem with little available In general terms the Climate of a local or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available Water, to the extent of hindering They form an important component of pastures in many tropical regions. Sorghum species are an important food crop in Africa, Central America, and South Asia and is the "fifth most important cereal crop grown in the world". Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture [3]

In Arab cuisine, the unmilled grain is often cooked to make cous-cous, porridges, soups, and cakes. Arab cuisine is defined as the various regional cuisines spanning the Arab World from Iraq to Morocco to Somalia to Yemen, and incorporating Many poor use it, along with other flours or starches, to make bread. The seeds and stalks are fed to cattle and poultry. Some varieties have been used for thatch, fencing, baskets, brushes and brooms, and stalks have been used as fuel. Medieval Islamic texts list medical uses for the plant. [4]

A sorghum species, Johnson Grass, is classified as a noxious weed. Johnson grass ( Sorghum halepense) is a plant in the grass family Poaceae, native to the Mediterranean region but growing throughout Europe

The reclaimed stalks of the sorghum plant are used to make a decorative millwork material marketed as Kirei board.

Some species of sorghum can contain levels of hydrogen cyanide, hordenine and nitrates lethal to grazing animals in the early stages of the plant's growth. Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN Hordenine (N N-Dimethyl-hydroxyphenylethylamine is a Phenylethylamine Alkaloid with antibacterial and Antibiotic properties Stressed plants, even at later stages of growth, can also contain toxic levels of cyanide.

Species

Hybrids

Footnotes

  1. ^ United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization: Sorghum and millets in human nutrition
  2. ^ a b Watson, p. Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum, is a plant species in the grass family Poaceae. Johnson grass ( Sorghum halepense) is a plant in the grass family Poaceae, native to the Mediterranean region but growing throughout Europe 12–14.
  3. ^ Sorghum, U. S. Grains Council.
  4. ^ Watson, p. 9.

References

External links


Dictionary

sorghum

-noun

  1. A cereal, Sorghum vulgare or Sorghum bicolor, the grains of which are used to make flour and as cattle feed.
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