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This article describes the fighter plane. For the 1960s psychedelic rock music band, see Sopwith Camel (band). The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Psychedelic music is a term that refers to a broad set of popular music styles genres and scenes that may include Psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, Psychedelic Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Sopwith Camel was a Rock music band associated with the San Francisco Psychedelic rock scene of the late 1960s
Sopwith 2F. 1 Camel

A Sopwith Camel at the Imperial War Museum, London
Type Biplane fighter
Manufacturer Sopwith Aviation Company
Maiden flight December 1916
Introduction June 1917
Primary users RFC (RAF)
RNAS, AAF

The Sopwith Camel Scout is a British First World War single-seat fighter aircraft that was famous for its manoeuvrability. The Imperial War Museum is a Museum in London, England featuring military vehicles weapons war memorabilia an extensive library open to the public London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A biplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft with two main Wings The first powered heavier-than-air Aircraft, the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Sopwith Aviation Company was a British Aircraft company that designed and manufactured aeroplanes mainly for the British Royal Flying Corps, Royal The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed

Contents

Design and development

Intended as a replacement for the Sopwith Pup,[1] the Camel prototype first flew in December 1916, powered by a 110 hp Clerget 9Z. The Sopwith Pup was a British single seater Biplane Fighter aircraft used during the First World War. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Known as the "Big Pup" early on in its development, the aircraft was armed with two .303 in (7. 7 mm) Vickers machine guns mounted in the cowl, firing forward through the propeller disc. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to The Vickers machine gun or Vickers gun is a name primarily used to refer to the water-cooled. For other uses of the phrase see Machine Gun (disambiguation. This article is about the garment used by monks For other uses see Cowl (disambiguation or Cowling (disambiguation. A fairing surrounding the gun installation created a hump that led to the name Camel. Camels are Even-toed ungulates within the Genus Camelus. The Dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and the [1] The top wing was flat - but the bottom wing had dihedral, so that the gap between the wings was less at the tips than at the roots. Approximately 5,490 were ultimately produced. [2]

Operational history

Replica of Camel F.I flown by Lt. George A. Vaughn Jr., 17th Aero Squadron
Replica of Camel F. I flown by Lt. George A. Vaughn Jr. , 17th Aero Squadron
This aircraft is currently displayed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force.
This aircraft is currently displayed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official National Museum of the United States Air
Sopwith Camel, 1930s magazine illustration with the iconic British WWI fighter in a dogfight with a Fokker triplane.
Sopwith Camel, 1930s magazine illustration with the iconic British WWI fighter in a dogfight with a Fokker triplane.

The type entered squadron service in June 1917 with No. 4 Squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service, near Dunkirk. The Royal Naval Air Service or RNAS was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of the First World War, when it merged with the British Dunkirk ( French: Dunkerque, dœ̃kɛʀk or; Dutch:; is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the The following month, it became operational with No. 70 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. By February 1918, 13 squadrons were fully equipped with the Camel.

Unlike the preceding Pup and Triplane, the Camel was not considered pleasant to fly. The Sopwith Pup was a British single seater Biplane Fighter aircraft used during the First World War. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Camel owed its difficult handling characteristics to the grouping of the engine, pilot, guns, and fuel tank within the first seven feet of the aircraft, coupled with the strong gyroscopic effect of the rotary engine. A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of Angular momentum. The rotary engine was an early type of internal combustion Aircraft engine in which the Crankshaft remains stationary and the entire Cylinder

The Camel soon gained an unfortunate reputation with student pilots. The Clerget engine was particularly sensitive to fuel mixture control, and incorrect settings often caused the engine to choke and cut out during takeoff. The Clerget was an early rotary Aircraft engine. Manufactured in both Great Britain ( Gwynne Limited) and France, it was used on such Many crashed due to mishandling on takeoff when a full fuel tank affected the center of gravity. In level flight, the Camel was markedly tail-heavy. Unlike the Triplane, the Camel lacked a variable incidence tailplane. The pilot was therefore required to apply constant forward pressure on the control stick to maintain a level attitude at low altitude. However the machine could also be rigged in such a way that at higher altitudes it could be flown "hands off. " A stall immediately resulted in a spin and the Camel was particularly noted for its vicious spinning characteristics.

The Camel was, however, a superlative fighter. In the hands of an experienced pilot, its instability became maneuverability. The aircraft offered heavier armament and better performance than the Pup and Triplane. Its controls were light and sensitive. The Camel turned slowly to the right which resulted in a nose up attitide due to the torque of the rotary engine, but turned very sharply to the left which resulted in a nose down attitude. Because it was tail heavy, the plane also looped quickly. Agility in combat made the Camel one of the best remembered Allied aircraft of the First World War. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All It was said to offer a choice between a "wooden cross, red cross and Victoria Cross. See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since " Together with the S.E.5a, the Camel helped to wrest aerial superiority away from the German Albatros scouts. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Albatros-Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturer that supplied the German airforces during World War I. The Camel was credited with shooting down 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied scout.

Major William Barker's Sopwith Camel (serial no. This article is about the First World War pilot For William George Barker Film producer and director see Will Barker. B6313, the aircraft in which all his victories were scored,[3]) became the most successful fighter aircraft in the history of the RAF, shooting down 46 aircraft & balloons from September 1917 to September 1918 in 404 operational hours flying. It was dismantled in October 1918. Barker kept the clock as a memento, although he was asked to return it the following day.

By mid-1918, the Camel was approaching obsolescence as a fighter, limited by its slow speed and comparatively poor performance over 12,000 feet (3650 m). It found a new lease of life as a ground-attack aircraft and infantry support weapon. During the German Offensive of March 1918, flights of Camels harassed the advancing German Army, inflicting high losses (and suffering high losses in turn) through the dropping of 25lb (11 kg) Cooper bombs and ultra-low-level strafing. The protracted development of the Camel's replacement, the Sopwith Snipe, meant that the Camel remained in service until the Armistice. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

In summer 1918, a 2F. 1 Camel (N6814) was used in trials as a parasite fighter under Airship R23

Variants

The Camel was powered by a variety of rotary engines during the production period. A parasite aircraft is an aircraft which is carried and air launched by a Mother ship aircraft Terminology In some countries airships are also known as dirigibles from the French (fr ''diriger'' to direct plus -ible) meaning "directable" The rotary engine was an early type of internal combustion Aircraft engine in which the Crankshaft remains stationary and the entire Cylinder

Engine variants

Sopwith Camel F. 1

Sopwith Camel 2F. 1

Sopwith Camel "Comic" Nightfighter

Pilot seat moved to rear. The Bentley BR1 was a British rotary Aircraft engine of the First World War. The twin Vickers guns were replaced with two Lewis guns firing forward over the top wing on Foster mountings. In early 1916 Sergeant Foster of No 11 Squadron RFC devised a sliding rail mounting for the upper wing Lewis Gun on a Nieuport 11. Served with Home Defence Squadrons against German air raids. The "Comic" nickname was of course unofficial, and was shared with the night fighter version of the Sopwith 1½ Strutter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

F. 1/1

(Trench Fighter) T. F. 1

(See also Sopwith Salamander)

Operators

Belgian Camel preserved at the Musée Royal de l'Armée et de l'Histoire Militaire in Brussels
Belgian Camel preserved at the Musée Royal de l'Armée et de l'Histoire Militaire in Brussels
Flag of Australia Australia
Flag of Belgium Belgium
Flag of Canada Canada
Flag of Estonia Estonia
Flag of Greece Greece
Flag of Latvia Latvia
Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands
Flag of Poland Poland
Flag of Sweden Sweden
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Flag of the United States United States

Survivors

There are only seven authentic Sopwith Camels left in the world, with one in the United States. No 210 Squadron was a Royal Air Force unit established in World War I. No 213 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force. The squadron was formed on 1 April 1918 from No The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It can be found at the Aerospace Education Center in Little Rock, Arkansas. Little Rock is the Capital and the most populous city of the U Another one, beautifully restored to near-flying condition, is at the Brussels Air Museum Restoration Society (BAMRS) in Belgium. An example of a model F. 1 can be found at the Polish Aviation Museum. Polish Aviation Museum (Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie is a large Museum of old Aircraft and aircraft engines in Kraków, Poland The Camel, which is on display in the Polish Aviation Museum, serial number B 7280, at first flew in Royal Naval Air Service and then in Royal Flying Corps. Two pilots who flew this aircraft shot down 11 German planes in total. N6812, the Sopwith 2F1 Camel flown by Flight Sub Lieutenant Stuart Culley when he shot down Zeppelin L 53, is preserved at the Imperial War Museum in London. A Zeppelin is a type of Rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century based on designs he had outlined The Imperial War Museum is a Museum in London, England featuring military vehicles weapons war memorabilia an extensive library open to the public N8156 (RAF) is currently on display at the Canadian Aviation Museum. Manufactured in 1918 by Hooper and Company Ltd. , Great Britain, it was purchased by the RCAF in 1924 and last flew in 1967. It is currently on static display. [4].

A replica Sopwith Camel can be found at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official National Museum of the United States Air Another replica is currently under construction by the Northern Aeroplane Workshops for the Shuttleworth Collection. The Shuttleworth Collection is an aeronautical and automotive museum located at the Old Warden airfield in Bedfordshire, England. [5]

Specifications (F. 1 Camel)

Orthographically projected diagram of the Sopwith camel.

Data from Quest for Performance[6]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

Popular culture

Snoopy piloting his "Sopwith Camel".
Snoopy piloting his "Sopwith Camel". The Vickers machine gun or Vickers gun is a name primarily used to refer to the water-cooled.

The Camel appears in literature and popular media as:

See also

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Bruce 22 April 1955, p. First Eagles The Great War 1918 (Also called First Eagles The Great Air War 1918is a PC game (Combat / Flight Simulator) that focuses on the Third Wire Productions Inc, (also known simply as Thirdwire or Third Wire) is a C corporation based in Austin Texas, USA; The Fokker DrI Dreidecker ( Triplane) was a World War I Fighter aircraft designed The Albatros DV was a Fighter aircraft used by the Luftstreitkräfte (Imperial German Air Service The Fokker DVII was a German World War I Fighter aircraft designed by Reinhold Platz WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Many aircraft types have served in the Royal Air Force since it was formed in 1918 by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service. 527.
  2. ^ Bruce 29 April 1955, p. 563.
  3. ^ Ralph, Wayne. Barker VC: The Classic Story of a Legendary First World War Hero. London: Grub Street, 1999. ISBN 1-902304-31-4.
  4. ^ Sopwith 2F.1 Camel — Canada Aviation Museum
  5. ^ Shuttleworth Collection
  6. ^ Loftin, LK, Jr. Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. NASA SP-468. [1] Access date: 22 April 2006. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Bibliography

External links

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