| Sonoma Mountain | |
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 Northeast flanks of Sonoma Mountain viewed from Annadel State Park. Annadel State Park, Sonoma County California, USA is situated at the northern edge of Sonoma Valley and offers many recreational activities within |
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| Elevation | 2,287 ft (697 m) |
| Location | Sonoma County, California, USA |
| Range | Sonoma Mountains |
| Coordinates | |
| Topo map | USGS Glen Ellen |
| First ascent | unknown |
| Easiest route | trail |
Sonoma Mountain is a prominent landform within the Sonoma Mountains of southern Sonoma County, California. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Sonoma Mountains are a northwest-southeast trending formation of California Coast Ranges in Sonoma County California, USA A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A topographic map is a type of Map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using Contour lines in modern The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Glen Ellen is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sonoma Valley, Sonoma County California, USA. In Climbing, a first ascent (FA is the first modern recorded climb to reach the top of a Mountain, or the first to follow a particular Climbing route A climbing route is a path by which a climber reaches the top of a Mountain, rock or ice wall The Sonoma Mountains are a northwest-southeast trending formation of California Coast Ranges in Sonoma County California, USA Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U [1] At elevation of 2,287 ft (697 m)[2], Sonoma Mountain offers expansive views of the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Sonoma Valley to the east. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Sonoma Valley is the birthplace of the California Wine industry and often called The Valley of the Moon In fact, the viticultural area extends in isolated patches up the eastern slopes of Sonoma Mountain up to almost 1,700 feet (518 m) in elevation. Viticulture (from the Latin word for Vine) is the Science, production and study of Grapes which deals with the series of The eastern slopes of Sonoma Mountain drain to Sonoma Creek, the northern slopes to Matanzas Creek and the western and southern exposures are part of the Petaluma River watershed. Sonoma Creek is a Stream in Northern California. It is one of two principal drainages of Southern Sonoma County California, with headwaters rising Matanzas Creek is a year-round stream in Sonoma County California, United States, a tributary of Santa Rosa Creek. The Petaluma River is a river in the California counties of Sonoma and Marin that becomes a tidal slough near its mouth [3]
The eastern and northern slopes are protected from afternoon heat, and hence are more densely forested in oak woodlands, abetted by the well drained nutrient rich soils. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria California oak woodland is a Plant community found throughout the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and northwestern Baja A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel The western and southern slopes, on the other hand, are drier and warmer, leading to fewer dense woodlands and more chaparral, grassland and oak savannah. Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. Chaparral is a Shrubland or heathland Plant community found primarily in the U Grasslands (also called greenswards) are areas where the Vegetation is dominated by Grasses ( Poaceae) and other Herbaceous (non-woody The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem.
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Geology
Up until about twelve million years ago, this location was part of the seabed of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Madrone ( Arbutus menziesii) is a species of Arbutus found on the west coast of North America, from British Columbia (chiefly Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet usually the Earth. In the Miocene era, precipitated by the combination of tectonic movement due to the seismically active environment and the presence of magma not far below the earth's surface, a massive period of uplift ensued. The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23 Seismology (from Greek grc σεισμός seismos, "earthquake" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Earthquakes Magma (Plurals magmas and magmata) is molten rock that sometimes forms beneath the surface of the Earth (or any other Terrestrial planet This uplift formed the volcanically based Sonoma Mountains as well as the Mayacamas Mountains to the east. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Mayacmas Mountains (often called the Mayacamas Mountains) are located in northwestern California in the United States. Residual evidence of these ancient geological features appears in the form of local hot springs such as nearby Mortons Hot Springs and Agua Caliente Hot Springs. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated Groundwater from the earth's crust. Fetters Hot Springs-Agua Caliente is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sonoma County, California, in the United States. The presence of the active Rodgers Creek Fault also attests to this prehistoric tectonic movement. The Hayward Fault Zone is a Geologic fault zone capable of generating significantly destructive Earthquakes About 60 kilometers long it lies mainly along the The eastern slopes of Sonoma Mountain drain to Sonoma Creek, the northern flanks drain to Matanzas Creek and the southwestern flanks are in the Petaluma River watershed. Sonoma Creek is a Stream in Northern California. It is one of two principal drainages of Southern Sonoma County California, with headwaters rising Matanzas Creek is a year-round stream in Sonoma County California, United States, a tributary of Santa Rosa Creek. The Petaluma River is a river in the California counties of Sonoma and Marin that becomes a tidal slough near its mouth A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River,
The most readily accessed eastern slopes have a predominant occurrence of Goulding clay loam soils, particularly in the immediate area of Graham Creek. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Loam is Soil composed of Sand, Silt, and Clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively considered Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel [4]. These are generally areas of 15 to 30 percent slopes that support dense mixed oak woodland, with large percentages of California laurel and Bigleaf maple. Higher on the eastern slopes is a large occurrence of Goulding clay loam on 30 to 50 percent slope, still with a dense forest cover, but with more Pacific Madrone and Coast live oak. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria The Pacific Madrone ( Arbutus menziesii) is a species of Arbutus found on the west coast of North America, from British Columbia (chiefly The Coast Live Oak ( Quercus agrifolia) is an Evergreen Oak, highly variable and often shrubby native to the California Floristic Province Soil depths are rarely over a few feet deep before bedrock is reached, but even thin soils support rich plant growth because of the high nutrient content and mild climate. Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet usually the Earth. A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of
The peak and higher northern slope of Sonoma Mountain consists of soils of the Goulding cobbly loam association, which are five to fifteen percent in slope and may contain up to 20 percent of cobblestones at the near surface. Loam is Soil composed of Sand, Silt, and Clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively considered Cobblestones are stones that were frequently used in the pavement of early Streets "Cobblestone" is derived from the very old English word "cob" Outcrops of basaltic rock are common among this soil type, betraying the volcanic origin of Sonoma Mountain. Outcrop is a geological term referring to the appearance of Bedrock or Superficial deposits exposed at the surface of the Earth Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The upper western reaches of Sonoma Mountain have some amounts of the Raynor clay association, which group typically has a depth to bedrock of about four to five feet. Lower on the western exposures, along the Lichau Creek immediate drainage area, there is a broad occurrence of Goulding clay loam on slopes of about 15 to 25 percent.
Ecology
The verdant forests on eastern exposures are fed by the year round Graham Creek and its tributaries. Graham Creek (38369ºN 122538ºW is a Perennial stream in Sonoma County California, Tributary to Sonoma Creek. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The most common eastern slope plant community is the oak woodland, which has a canopy of coast live oak, Garry oak, Black oak, Pacific Madrone, Bigleaf maple and California laurel. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. The canopy is one of the uppermost levels of a Forest, below the emergent layer, formed by the Tree crowns Canopy trees refers to the trees The Coast Live Oak ( Quercus agrifolia) is an Evergreen Oak, highly variable and often shrubby native to the California Floristic Province The Garry Oak ( Quercus garryana) also known as Oregon White Oak or Oregon Oak, has a range from southern California to extreme southwestern The Pacific Madrone ( Arbutus menziesii) is a species of Arbutus found on the west coast of North America, from British Columbia (chiefly Acer macrophyllum ( Bigleaf Maple or Oregon Maple) is a large Deciduous Tree in the genus Acer. Umbellularia californica is a Tree native to coastal forests of western North America. In some of the steeper, cooler riparian zones there are also small groves of Coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens. "Riparian" redirects here For the legal doctrine see " Riparian water rights. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly In these oak woodlands, the dominant understory plants are toyon, blackberry, western poison-oak and in occasional drier patches some coyote brush. Understory (or understorey) is the term for the area of a Forest which grows in the shade of the emergent or forest canopy. Toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia) is a common perennial Shrub native to southwestern California, USA and the extreme The BlackBerry is a Wireless Handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager Toxicodendron diversilobum (syn Rhus diversiloba; Western Poison-oak or Pacific Poison-oak) is a plant best known for its ability to cause Baccharis pilularis, called Coyote Brush (or Bush Chaparral Broom, and Bush Baccharis, is a Shrub in the Asteraceae Common animals observed include California Mule Deer, gray squirrel, raccoon, skunk and opossum. California Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus californicus, is a subspecies of Mule Deer whose range covers much of the state of California. The raccoon ( Procyon lotor) (sometimes spelt as racoon) also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, northern raccoon Skunks (sometimes referred to as polecats) are Mammals best known for their ability to excrete a strong foul-smelling odor. Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Less frequently bobcat and mountain lion are seen. The Bobcat ( Lynx rufus) is a North American Mammal of the cat family Felidae. The cougar ( Puma concolor) also puma, mountain lion, or panther, depending on region is a Mammal of the Felidae family There is abundant birdlife including the scrub jay, Steller's jay, Acorn woodpecker and junco. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. The Steller's Jay ( Cyanocitta stelleri) is a Jay native to western North America, closely related to the Blue Jay found in the rest of the The Acorn Woodpecker ( Melanerpes formicivorus) is a medium-sized Woodpecker, 21 cm long with an average weight of 85 g "Junco" is also a shrub in the genus Adolphia and the Spanish term for rushes (genus Juncus) Because of the rich soils and mild climate, there are significant sized vineyards at elevations up to 1,700 feet (518 m) on the northeast flanks of the mountain, positioned like mosaics in a patchwork of mostly oak forest; these grapes contribute to some premium varietal wines, some of which are marketed as premium Sonoma Valley appellations. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Sonoma Valley is the birthplace of the California Wine industry and often called The Valley of the Moon An appellation is a Geographical indication used to identify where the Grapes for a Wine were grown
Jack London State Historic Park
Jack London State Historic Park is a public access property near Glen Ellen, California situated on the eastern slope of Sonoma Mountain. Jack London National State Park, also known as Jack London Home and Ranch, is a California State Historic Park near Glen Ellen, California, Glen Ellen is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sonoma Valley, Sonoma County California, USA. The namesake of this California State Park is author Jack London, whose home was located on the subject property. Jack London (January 12 1876 &ndash November 22 1916 was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The That home, called the Wolf House, is a sizable stone structure, which was destroyed by fire and whose picturesque ruins are extant within the state park property. This article is about ruins in Architecture; for other meanings see Ruins (disambiguation. Sonoma Mountain had a significant influence on Jack London and his writings. In 1910 Jack London purchased this 1,000 acre (4 km²) ranch, known as the Beauty Ranch, for $26,000. He wrote that "Next to my wife, the ranch is the dearest thing in the world to me. "[5] He wanted the ranch to become a successful business enterprise. Writing, always a commercial enterprise with London, now became even more a means to an end: "I write for no other purpose than to add to the beauty that now belongs to me. I write a book for no other reason than to add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate. " The sloping terrain of the park has an access trail to reach the summit of Sonoma Mountain, although the final approach to the summit and the peak itself are not within the state park property. [6]
Fairfield Osborn Preserve
The Fairfield Osborn Preserve is a 460 acre (1. The Fairfield Osborn Preserve is a 411 acre (16 km² Nature reserve situated on the northwest flank of Sonoma Mountain in Sonoma County California Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. The Fairfield Osborn Preserve is a 411 acre (16 km² Nature reserve situated on the northwest flank of Sonoma Mountain in Sonoma County California 86 km²) nature reserve situated on the northwest flank of Sonoma Mountain in Sonoma County, California. nature reserve ( natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is a Protected area of importance for Wildlife, flora Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U There are several plant communities within the property, oak woodland being the dominant type[7]. California oak woodland is a Plant community found throughout the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and northwestern Baja Other habitats include chaparral, native clump grassland, marsh, coastal scrub and riparian zone. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Chaparral is a Shrubland or heathland Plant community found primarily in the U Bunch grasses, also commonly called Tussock grasses, are Grasses that grow in clumps or tufts rather than forming a Sod or mat In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject Northern coastal scrub is a Scrubland plant community of California and Oregon. "Riparian" redirects here For the legal doctrine see " Riparian water rights. A diverse fauna inhabits this area including Black-tailed deer, coyote, bobcat and Mountain Lion; moreover, there are abundant avifauna, amphibians, reptiles and insects. Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time The Black-tailed deer, or Blacktail deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) is a species of Deer found in western North America, specifically the The coyote (kaɪˈoʊti ˈkaɪoʊt ( Canis latrans) also known as the prairie wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Bobcat ( Lynx rufus) is a North American Mammal of the cat family Felidae. The cougar ( Puma concolor) also puma, mountain lion, or panther, depending on region is a Mammal of the Felidae family Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described The flora is extremely diverse including many native trees, shrubs, grasses, lichens and mosses. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree Lichens (ˈlaɪkən or /lɪtʃən/ are symbiotic associations of a Fungus (the mycobiont with a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont also known as Copeland Creek and its tributaries drain the preserve as they wend their way down steep ravines toward eventual discharge to the Laguna de Santa Rosa. Copeland Creek is a Perennial stream that rises on Sonoma Mountain in Sonoma County California. The Laguna de Santa Rosa is a fourteen mile (225 km long Wetland complex that drains a 254-square mile (658-square kilometer watershed encompassing most of The property was originally a Spanish Land Grant holding and is now owned and managed by Sonoma State University, who uses it as a research base and as an educational tool for the general public. Land-grant universities (also called land-grant colleges or land grant institutions) are institutions of higher education in the United States that have Sonoma State University is a public coeducational business and Liberal arts college affiliated with the California State University system An understated natural trail system weaves through the property to provide access to creek canyons, ridges and marshy areas. A trail is a Path or Road used for Walking, Cycling, Cross-country skiing, or other activities A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks For the song see CANYONMID. For the band see Canyon (band. A canyon (rarely cañon) or gorge A ridge is a geological feature that features a continuous elevational crest for some distance In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject The preserve is situated at elevations 1,600 to 1,900 feet (488 - 579 m) above sea level and features a landscape riddled with basalt exposures that betray the volcanic prehistory of Sonoma Mountain. Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic"
Viticulture
Sonoma Mountain gives its name to the Sonoma Mountain AVA, a Federally-designated grape-growing region. The Sonoma Mountain AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Sonoma County, California, USA. [8]
The peak of Sonoma Mountain defines part of the boundary of the Sonoma Coast AVA, another such region. The Sonoma Coast AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Sonoma County, California, USA containing more than, mostly along the coastline Wines made from grapes grown on its western and southern slopes qualify for the Sonoma Coast appellation, but wines made from grapes grown on its eastern and northern slopes do not. [9]
Antenna
The TV broadcast antenna for KRCB is located on the summit just north of Sonoma Mountain. KRCB is a North San Francisco Bay Area Public TV station broadcasting on UHF Channel 22 and Public Radio station broadcasting on 91 [10]
References
- ^ Sonoma Mountain Study, a Specific Plan, Sonoma County Community and Environmental Services, February, 1978
- ^ USGS GNIS: Sonoma Mountain
- ^ Santa Rosa Quadrangle, Fifteen minute series, USGS Quadrangle Map, U. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC (1958)
- ^ Soil Survey, Sonoma County, California, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Government Printing Office, Washington DC, May 1972
- ^ Jack London, John Barleycorn (1913)
- ^ Tom Stienstra and Michael Hodgson, California Hiking, 1996-96 edition, Foghorn Press (1995) ISBN 0-935701-93-1
- ^ Larry Serpa and Lynn Lozier, Fairfield Osborn Preserve: Natural History and Ecology (1981)
- ^ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Section 9. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service (SCS is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture 102: Sonoma Mountain.
- ^ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Section 9. 116: Sonoma Coast.
- ^ TV Query Results. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
See also
External links
The Pomo people are a linguistic branch of Native American people of Northern California. Sonoma Mountain Zen Center (or Genjoji) is a Soto Zen practice center located on in the mountainous region of Sonoma County in California —near The Wine Country is a region of Northern California in the United States known worldwide as a premium Wine -growing regionDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic