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Sonia Delaunay (née Terk) (1885 – 1979) was a Ukrainian-French artist who, with her husband Robert Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colors and geometric shapes. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Robert Delaunay ( April 12 1885 — October 25 1941) was a French artist who used orphism, similar to abstraction Orphism or Orphic cubism, is a term coined in 1912 France by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire. An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time or at least with the heyday Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964 and in 1975 was named an officer of the French Legion of Honor. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France

Her work in modern design included the concepts of geometric abstraction, the integration of furniture, fabrics, wall coverings, and clothing. Geometric abstraction is a form of Abstract art based on the use of simple geometric forms placed in non-illusionistic space and combined into non-objective compositions

Contents

Early life

Sarah Ilinitchna Stern was born in Gradizhsk in the Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. At a young age she moved to St. Petersburg where she was cared for by her mother's brother Henri Terk. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Henri, a successful and affluent Jewish lawyer, and his wife Anna wanted to adopt her but her mother would not allow it. Finally in 1890 she was adopted by the Terks. She assumed the name Sonia Terk and received a privileged upbringing with the Terks, they spent their summers in Finland and traveled widely in Europe introducing Sonia to art museums and galleries. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. When she was 16 she attended a well-regarded secondary school in St. Petersburg, where her skill at drawing was noted by her teacher. When she was 18, at her teacher's suggestion, she was sent to art school in Germany where she attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Karlsruhe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Fully accredited independent professional art and design colleges offering BFA degrees Academy of Art University Art Academy of Cincinnati Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near She studied in Germany until 1905 when she decided to move on to Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city She apparently made the decision to move to Paris after reading Julius Meier-Graefe's book Manet und sein Kreis which claimed that Paris was the center of true art. Julius Meier-Graefe ( June 10 1867 - June 5 1935) was a German Art critic and Novellist.

When she arrived in Paris she enrolled at the Académie de la Palette in Montparnasse. Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred on the intersection of the Boulevard du Montparnasse Unhappy with the mode of teaching, which she thought was too critical, she spent less time at the Académie and more time in galleries around Paris. Her own work during this period was strongly influenced by the art she was viewing including the post-impressionist art of Van Gogh, Gauguin and Henri Rousseau and the fauves including Henri Matisse and Derain. Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and Art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903 was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. Henri Julien Félix Rousseau ( May 21, 1844 &ndash September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Les Fauves ( French for The Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship André Derain ( June 10, 1880 – September 8, 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse During her first year in Paris she met, and in 1908 married, German homosexual art gallery owner Wilhelm Uhde. Wilhelm Uhde (1874-1947 was a German art collector dealer author and critic born in Friedeberg (PolishStrzelce Krajeńskie Little is known about their union, but it is assumed to have been a marriage of convenience to escape the demands of her parents, who disliked her artistic career, for her to return to Russia. [1] Sonia gained entrance into the art world via exhibitions at Uhde's gallery and benefit from his connections and Uhde masked his homosexuality through his public marriage to Sonia.

Sonia met Robert Delaunay in early 1909: his aunt was a regular visitor at Uhde's gallery. Robert Delaunay ( April 12 1885 — October 25 1941) was a French artist who used orphism, similar to abstraction They became lovers in April of that year and it was decided that she and Uhde should divorce. The divorce was finalised in August 1910, as she was pregnant. She and Robert quickly married on November 15, and their son Charles was born on January 18. They were supported by an allowance sent from Sonia's aunt in St. Petersburg.

Orphism

In 1911 Sonia made a patchwork quilt for Charles' crib, which is now in the collection of the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement This quilt was created spontaneously and uses geometry and color. Contemporary art critics recognize this as the point where she moved away from perspective and naturalism in her art. Around the same time, cubist works were being shown in Paris and Robert had been studying the color theories of Eugene Chevreul, they called their experiments with color in art and designsimultanéisme. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Michel Eugène Chevreul ( August 31, 1786 &ndash April 9, 1889) was a French Chemist whose work with Fatty acids Simultaneous design occurs when one design, when placed next to another, affects both; this is similar to the theory of colors (Pointillism, as used by e. See also Neo-Impressionism Pointillism is a style of Painting in which small distinct points of Primary colors create the impression of a wide selection g. , Georges Seurat) in which primary color dots placed next to each other are "mixed" by the eye and affect each other. Georges-Pierre Seurat ( December 2, 1859  &ndash March 29, 1891) was a French painter and Draftsman. Sonia's first large scale painting in this style was Bal Bullier (1912-13), a painting known for both its use of color and movement.

The Delaunays' friend, poet and art critic, Guillaume Apollinaire coined the term Orphism to describe the Delaunays' version of cubism in 1913. Guillaume Apollinaire (in French ɡijom apɔliˈnɛʁ ( August 26, 1880 &ndash November 9, 1918) was a French Poet It was through Apollinaire that Sonia met friend and collaborator, poet Blaise Cendrars in 1912. Frédéric Louis Sauser ( September 1, 1887 &ndash January 21, 1961) better known as Blaise Cendrars, was a Swiss novelist and poet She illustrated his poem La Prose du Transsibérien et de La Petite Jehanne de France (“The Prose of the Trans-Siberian and of Little Jehanne of France”) about a journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway, by creating a 2m long accordion type of book. The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' Using simultaneous design principles the book merged text and design. The book, which was pretty much sold by subscription, created a stir amongst Paris critics. The simultaneous book was later shown at the Autumn Salon in Berlin in 1913 along with paintings and other applied artworks such as dresses, and it is said that Paul Klee was so impressed with her use of squares in her binding of Cendrars' poem that they became an enduring feature in his own work.

In 1914 they traveled to the Iberian Peninsula where they lived for roughly six years while the First World War raged in Europe. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In Portugal Sonia and Robert met with several Portuguese artists, including Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, with whom they had an intense friendship. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Amadeo de Souza Cardoso ( November 24, 1887 - October 25, 1918) was a Portuguese artist working in the style of the vanguard of his Her most important work from that period is The Market at Minho. The Delaunays were in Barcelona when the Russian Revolution occurred. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Realizing that they would no longer receive special support from her family, Sonia concluded that she would have to make a living from applied arts and her career in design and theatre began.

Design and theater

In 1920 Sonia returned to Paris and in 1924 she opened a fashion studio together with Jacques Heim. In 1925 she participated in Exposition Interationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes (Art Deco) in Paris together with Vadim Meller, Aleksandra Ekster, Nathan Altman and David Shterenberg. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Vadym Meller or Vadim Meller, ( Russian: Вадим Георгиевич Меллер, 1884–1962 was a Ukrainian - Russian Soviet Alexandra Ekster or Exter ( Александра Александровна Экстер January 6, 1882 - March 17, 1949) was a Nathan Isaevich Altman ( Russian ru Натан Исаевич Альтман – December 12, 1970) was a Russian avant-garde Artist David Petrovich Shterenberg ( Russian ru Давид Петрович Штеренберг b Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Textile design is the process of creating designs for knitted, woven or printed fabrics. In Theatre, the stage (sometimes referred to as the deck in Stagecraft) is a designated space for the Performance of theatrical productions Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964 and in 1975 was named an officer of the French Legion of Honor. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Sonia Delaunay-Terk died in 1979 in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Her work in modern design included the use of geometric abstraction and the integration of furniture, fabrics, wall coverings and clothing.

Jazz expert Charles Delaunay is her son. Charles Delaunay ( January 18, 1911, in Vineuil-Saint-Firmin, France – February 16, 1988, Paris) was a French

Legacy

Dalaunay's painting Coccinelle was featured on a stamp jointly released by the French Post Office, La Poste and the United Kingdom's Royal Mail in 2004 to commemorate the centenary of the Entente Cordiale

References

  1. ^ Women Artists in the 20th and 21st Century, Uta Grosenick, Taschen, 2001, ISBN 3822858544

Sources

External links

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