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Pink: The Sonderbund, Yellow: Neutral cantons
Pink: The Sonderbund, Yellow: Neutral cantons

The Sonderbund Swiss civil war of November 1847 ensued after the Sonderbund (meaning "separate alliance", in German) was created in 1845 in Switzerland as a league among seven Catholic and Conservative cantons, in order to protect their interests against a centralization of power. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. A centralized government is the Form of government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which Local governments are subject

The member cantons were Lucerne, Fribourg, Valais, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Zug. Lucerne (Luzern is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland The Canton of Fribourg is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the west of the country The Valais ( German:) is one of the 26 Cantons of Switzerland in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its Schwyz ( German) is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south Lake Lucerne in the east and Lake Zurich Unterwalden is the old name for what is now two cantons in central Switzerland, south of Lake Lucerne. The Canton of Zug ( German Kanton) is one of the 26 Cantons of Switzerland. Some liberal Catholic cantons such as Ticino and Solothurn did not participate. Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of Solothurn (German) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland


Contents

History

Distribution of confessions in 1800 (orange: Protestant, green: Catholic)
Distribution of confessions in 1800 (orange: Protestant, green: Catholic)

This alliance was concluded after the Radical Party had taken power in Switzerland and had, thanks to the majority of cantons, taken measures against the Catholic Church such as the closure of monasteries and convents in Aargau in 1841. The Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz (FDP Parti radical-démocratique suisse (PRD Partito liberale radicale svizzero (PLR Partida Aargau ( German; rarely anglicized Argovia) is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland. For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link When Lucerne, in retaliation, recalled the Jesuits the same year, groups of armed Radicals ("Freischärler") invaded the canton. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order This caused a revolt, mostly because rural cantons were strongholds of ultramontanism. Ultramontanism is a religious philosophy within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope.

The Sonderbund was in violation of the Federal Treaty of 1815, §6 of which expressly forbade such separate alliances, and the Radical majority in the Tagsatzung decided to dissolve the Sonderbund on October 21, 1847. The periods of Restoration and Regeneration in Swiss history last from 1814 to 1847 Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Swiss Tagsatzung ( Eidgenössische Tagsatzung) was the legislative and executive council of the Swiss confederacy from medieval times until the formation Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The confederate army was raised against the members of the Sonderbund. The army was composed of soldiers of all the other states except Neuchâtel and Appenzell Innerrhoden (which had stayed neutral). Neuchâtel (Canton de Neuchâtel Kanton Neuenburg is a canton of western Switzerland. Appenzell Innerrhoden (German; in English sometimes Appenzell Inner Rhodes) is the smallest canton of Switzerland by population and the second smallest

War of November 1847

Battle of Geltwil, 12 November 1847
Battle of Geltwil, 12 November 1847

General Guillaume-Henri Dufour led the federal army of 100,000 and defeated the Sonderbund under Johann-Ulrich von Salis-Soglio in a campaign that lasted only from November 3 to November 29, and claimed fewer than a hundred victims. Geltwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Guillaume-Henri Dufour ( 15 September 1787, Konstanz - 14 July 1875, Geneva) was a Swiss General Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe He ordered his troops to spare the injured, anticipating the formation of the Red Cross in which he participated a few years later. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated

Major events took place at Freiburg, Geltwil, Lunnern, Luzern, and finally at Gisikon, Meierskappel and Schüpfheim, after which Luzern capitulated on 24 November.

Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848

In 1848, a new Swiss Federal Constitution ended the almost-complete independence of the cantons and transformed Switzerland into a federal state. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999 (Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse Constituzione federale della Confederazione The Jesuits were banished from Switzerland. This ban was lifted on 20 May 1973, when 54. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. 9% of the population and 16. 5 cantons out of 22 accepted a referendum modifying the Constitution. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita [1]

See also

Literature

External links

  1. ^ (French) Official results on the website of the Swiss Administration.
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