| Soleus muscle | |
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| Muscles of lower extremity | |
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| The soleus muscle and surrounding structures, from Gray's Anatomy. Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened is an English-language Human anatomy Textbook This is a view of the back of the right leg; most of the gastrocnemius muscle has been removed. | |
| Gray's | subject #129 483 |
| Origin | fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line) |
| Insertion | tendo calcaneus |
| Artery: | sural arteries |
| Nerve: | tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 |
| Action: | plantarflexion |
| Antagonist: | Tibialis anterior muscle |
In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). A typical Adult Human skeleton commonly consists of 206 208 or more bones depending on the method used in counting For other uses see Fibula (disambiguation The fibula or calf bone is a Bone located on the lateral side of the Tibia The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two Bones in the Leg below the Knee in vertebrates and connects The posterior surface of the Tibia presents at its upper part a prominent ridge the soleal line ( popliteal line in older texts which extends obliquely downward A typical Adult Human skeleton commonly consists of 206 208 or more bones depending on the method used in counting The Achilles tendon (or occasionally Achilles’ tendon) also known as the calcaneal tendon or the tendocalcaneous, is a Tendon of the posterior Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. The sural arteries ( inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. Accessory nerve Accessory obturator nerve Alderman's nerve Anococcygeal nerve Ansa The tibial nerve is a branch of the Sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the Popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus Kinesiology, also known as Human Kinetics, is the science of human movement Plantarflexion is the movement which increases the angle between the Foot and the Leg, as when depressing an Automobile pedal. An antagonist is a classification used to describe a Muscle that acts in opposition to the specific movement generated by the agonist and is responsible for In human anatomy the tibialis anterior is a Muscle in the shin that spans the length of the Tibia. Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the A leg is a limb on an Animal 's Body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground between the Ankle and the Hip and is used for It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. The knee is the lower extremity Joint connecting the Femur, Patella, and the Tibia. The heel is the prominence at the posterior end of the Foot. It is based on the projection of one Bone, the Calcaneus, behind the articulation of the It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. In humans the gastrocnemius (pronounced /ˌgæstrɑkˈnimiəs/ muscle is a very powerful superficial Muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg The triceps surae is a term given by some Anatomists to the gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles together as they both insert into the Calcaneus, Its name is derived from the solefish whose shape it resembles. The soles are Flatfishes of various families Generally speaking they are the members of the family Soleidae, but outside Europe, the name 'sole' is also
The soleus is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. The posterior compartment of the leg is supplied by the Tibial nerve. Not all mammals have a soleus muscle; one familiar species that lacks the soleus is the dog. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order
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Origin and insertion
It originates from the posterior (back) surfaces of the head of the fibula and its upper third, as well as the middle third of the internal border of the tibia. For other uses see Fibula (disambiguation The fibula or calf bone is a Bone located on the lateral side of the Tibia The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two Bones in the Leg below the Knee in vertebrates and connects
Its other end forms a common tendon with the gastrocnemius muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or Achilles tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone. A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of Fibrous connective tissue that usually connects Muscle to Bone and is capable of withstanding tension The Achilles tendon (or occasionally Achilles’ tendon) also known as the calcaneal tendon or the tendocalcaneous, is a Tendon of the posterior The Achilles tendon (or occasionally Achilles’ tendon) also known as the calcaneal tendon or the tendocalcaneous, is a Tendon of the posterior The calcaneus, or the heel bone is the largest bone of the Human foot.
Relations
Superficial to the soleus (closer to the skin) is the gastrocnemius muscle.
The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles. Plantaris is a Vestigial structure and one of the superficial Muscles of the Posterior crural compartment of the leg Deep to it (farther from the skin) is the transverse intermuscular septum, which separates the superficial posterior compartment of the leg from the deep posterior compartment. The deep transverse fascia of the leg (or transverse intermuscular septum) is a transversely placed intermuscular septum between the superficial and deep muscles of the back
On the other side of the fascia are the tibialis posterior muscle, the flexor digitorum longus muscle, and the flexor hallucis longus muscle, along with the posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial vein and the tibial nerve. The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the Leg Muscles It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL is a Muscle of the Leg. The posterior tibial artery of the Lower limb carries blood to the Posterior compartment of the leg and Plantar surface of the Foot, from the In Anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the Lower limb carries blood from the Posterior compartment and Plantar surface of the Foot The tibial nerve is a branch of the Sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the Popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus
Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the tibia on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment. The soleus is superficial midshaft of the tibia.
Function
The action of the calf muscles, including the soleus, is to plantar flex the foot (that is, they increase the angle between the foot and the leg). Plantarflexion is the movement which increases the angle between the Foot and the Leg, as when depressing an Automobile pedal.
They are powerful muscles and are vital in walking, running, and dancing.
The soleus specifically plays an important role in standing; if not for its constant pull, the body would fall forward.
Also, in upright posture, it is responsible for pumping venous blood back into the heart from the periphery, and is often called the peripheral heart or the sural (tricipital) pump [1].
Additional images
 Bones of the right leg. Posterior surface. |
 Cross-section through middle of leg. |
 Back of left lower extremity. |
References
- Gray, Henry. Pick, T. Pickering, & Howden, Robert (Eds. ) (1995). Gray's Anatomy (15th ed. ). New York: Barnes & Noble Books.
External links
Loyola University Chicago is a private co-educational Jesuit university established in Chicago in 1870 as Saint Ignatius College The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kindDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic