| Software development process | |
| Activities and steps | |
|---|---|
| Requirements · Architecture Design · Implementation Testing · Deployment |
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| Models | |
| Agile · Cleanroom · Iterative · RAD RUP · Spiral · Waterfall · XP · Scrum |
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| Supporting disciplines | |
| Configuration management Documentation Quality assurance (SQA) Project management User experience design |
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Software design is a process of problem-solving and planning for a software solution. A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product Requirements analysis in Systems engineering and Software engineering, encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software components the externally visible properties Software testing is an Empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test, with respect to the Software deployment is all of the activities that make a Software system available for use Agile software development refers to a group of Software development methodologies that are based on similar principles The Cleanroom Software Engineering process is a Software development process intended to produce software with a certifiable level of Reliability. Iterative and Incremental development is a cyclic Software development process developed in response to the weaknesses of the Waterfall model. Rapid application development ( RAD) is a Software development process, which involves iterative development and the construction of Prototypes The Rational Unified Process ( RUP) is an Iterative Software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation a division The spiral model is a Software development process combining elements of both Design and Prototyping -in-stages in an effort to combine advantages of The waterfall model is a sequential Software development process (a process for the creation of software in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards Extreme Programming (or XP) is a Software engineering methodology (and a form of Agile software development) Proponents of Extreme Programming and agile Scrum is an iterative incremental process of software development commonly used with Agile software development. In Software engineering, software configuration Software documentation or source code documentation is written text that accompanies Computer Software. Software quality assurance ( SQA) consists of a means of monitoring the Software engineering processes and methods used to ensure quality Project Management is the discipline of planning organizing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives User experience design is a subset of the field of Experience design which pertains to the creation of the architecture and interaction models which impact a user's perception After the purpose and specifications of software is determined, software developers will design or employ designers to develop a plan for a solution. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines A designer is a person who designs something Perhaps the broadest definition is that provided by Herbert Simon: ‘Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing It includes low-level component and algorithm implementation issues as well as the architectural view.
The software requirements analysis (SRA) step of a software development process yields specifications that are used in software engineering. Requirements analysis in Systems engineering and Software engineering, encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product Software engineering is the application of a systematic disciplined quantifiable approach to the development operation and maintenance of Software. If the software is "semiautomated" or user centered, software design may involve user experience design yielding a story board to help determine those specifications. In broad terms user-centered design (UCD is a Design philosophy and a process in which the needs wants and limitations of the end user of an interface or User experience design is a subset of the field of Experience design which pertains to the creation of the architecture and interaction models which impact a user's perception See also Pre-production Storyboards are graphic organizers such as a series of Illustrations or Images displayed in sequence for the purpose of If the software is completely automated (meaning no user or user interface), a software design may be as simple as a flow chart or text describing a planned sequence of events. Automation ( Ancient Greek: = self dictated) roboticization or industrial automation or Numerical control is the use of Control systems USER is an international Recording artist who earned his chops in the techno-industrial period of the 1990s playing guitar with such notable bands as Atlantic The user interface (or Human Computer Interface) is the aggregate of means by which people&mdash the users '&mdash interact with the System A flowchart is a Schematic representation of an Algorithm or a stepwise process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds and their order by connecting There are also semi-standard methods like Unified Modeling Language and Fundamental modeling concepts. Unified Modeling Language ( UML) is a standardized general-purpose Modeling language in the field of Software engineering. Fundamental Modeling Concepts (FMC provide a framework to describe software-intensive systems In either case some documentation of the plan is usually the product of the design. Documentation may refer to the process of providing evidence ("to document something" or to the communicable material used to provide such documentation (i
A software design may be platform-independent or platform-specific, depending on the availability of the technology called for by the design. A platform-independent model or PIM is a model of a software or business system that is independent of the specific technological platform used to implement it A platform-specific model is a model of a software or business system that is linked to a specific technological platform (e
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Design Considerations
There are many aspects to consider in the design of a piece of software. The importance of each should reflect the goals the software is trying to achieve. Some of these aspects are:
- Extensibility - New capabilities can be added to the software without major changes to the underlying architecture.
- Robustness - The software is able to operate under stress or tolerate unpredictable or invalid input. For example, it can be designed with a resilience to low memory conditions.
- Reliability - The software is able to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.
- Fault-tolerance - The software is resistant to and able to recover from component failure.
- Security - The software is able to withstand hostile acts and influences.
- Maintainability - The software can be restored to a specified condition within a specified period of time. For example, antivirus software may include the ability to periodically receive virus definition updates in order to maintain the software's effectiveness.
- Compatibility - The software is able to operate with other products that are designed for interoperability with another product. For example, a piece of software may be backward-compatible with an older version of itself.
- Modularity - the resulting software comprises well defined, independent components. That leads to better maintainability. The components could be then implemented and tested in isolation before being integrated to form a desired software system. This allows division of work in a software development project.
- Reusability - the modular components designed should capture the essence of the functionality expected out of them and no more or less. This single-minded purpose renders the components reusable wherever there are similar needs in other designs.
Design Patterns
A software designer or architect may identify a design problem which has been solved by others before. A template or pattern describing a solution to a common problem is known as a design pattern. In Software engineering, a design pattern is a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in Software design. The reuse of such patterns can speed up the software development process, having been tested and proved in the past.
Design methodologies
Design methodologies aim to provide a template process or a framework for the actual design of a system. They aim to simplify the actual process of designing a system and aim to enforce some standard design principles which improve the quality of a design. One of the earlier design methodologies is the Responsibility Driven Design (RDD) pioneered by Rebecca Wirth et al. It forms the basis of the URDAD, the Use Case, Responsibility-Driven Analysis and Design method which aims to generate a technology neutral design which is then mapped onto one's choice of implementation architecture and technologies.
Usage
Software design documentation may be reviewed or presented to allow constraints, specifications and even requirements to be adjusted prior to programming. Redesign may occur after review of a programmed simulation or prototype. Simulation is the imitation of some real thing state of affairs or process A prototype is an original type form or instance of something serving as a typical example basis or standard for other things of the same category It is possible to design software in the process of programming, without a plan or requirement analysis, but for more complex projects this would not be considered a professional approach. A separate design prior to programming allows for multidisciplinary designers and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to collaborate with highly-skilled programmers for software that is both useful and technically sound. In Academia, Pedagogy, Physical sciences, Earth sciences, Human sciences and Social sciences A Subject Matter Expert (SME is a person who is an expert in a particular area
See also
- Software development
- Software blueprint
- Software architecture
- Search Based Software Engineering
- User experience
- Experience design
- Model-driven architecture
- Software Design Description (IEEE 1016)
- Design pattern (computer science)
- Service-Oriented Modeling Framework
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