| Sodium carbonate | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Other names | Soda ash; washing soda |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [497-19-8] |
| RTECS number | VZ4050000 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | Na2CO3 |
| Molar mass | 105. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 99 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Density | 2. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 5 g/cm³, solid |
| Melting point |
851 °C |
| Boiling point |
decomposes |
| Solubility in water | 30 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
| Basicity (pKb) | 3. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 67
pKa1 = 6. 35 pKa2 = 10. 33 |
| Structure | |
| Coordination geometry |
trigonal bipyramidal |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | Safety Data Sheet External MSDS |
| EU classification | Irritant (Xi) |
| NFPA 704 |
 0
2
0
|
| R-phrases | R36 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S22, S26 |
| Flash point | non flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Sodium bicarbonate |
| Other cations | Lithium carbonate; potassium carbonate |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. The term coordination geometry is used in a number of related fields of chemistry and solid state chemistry/physics A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Lithium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the formula Li2CO3 Carbonate of potash redirects here For one of potassium carbonate's impure forms see Potash. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 In Chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or Ester of Carbonic acid. Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3 It most commonly occurs as a crystalline heptahydrate, which readily effloresces to form a white powder, the monohydrate. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating Effloresce redirects here for the album by Oceansize see Effloresce (album. It has a cooling alkaline taste, and can be extracted from the ashes of many plants. In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. It is synthetically produced in large quantities from table salt in a process known as the Solvay process. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of Soda ash ( Sodium carbonate
Contents |
Applications
The most important use for sodium carbonate is in the manufacture of glass. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many When heated at very high temperatures, combined with sand (SiO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and cooled very rapidly, glass is produced. Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3
Sodium carbonate is also used as a relatively strong base in various settings. For example, sodium carbonate is used as a pH regulator to maintain stable alkaline conditions necessary for the action of the majority of developing agents. In Film developing, photographic developer (or just developer) is a chemical that makes the Latent image on the film or print visible It is a common additive in municipal pools used to neutralize the acidic effects of chlorine and raise pH. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. [1] In cooking, it is sometimes used in place of sodium hydroxide for lying, especially with German pretzels and lye rolls. Cooking is the process of preparing Food by applying Heat, selecting measuring and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure for producing safe and edible Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature German cuisine varies greatly from region to region The southern regions of Bavaria and Swabia share many dishes among them and with their neighbours to the south A pretzel is a bread pastry of German origin that has the shape of a three looped Knot or twisted braid Lye rolls are a baked specialty in Germany (especially in Bavaria and Swabia) Austria, and Switzerland. These dishes are treated with a solution of an alkaline substance in order to change the pH of the surface of the food and thus improve browning.
In taxidermy, sodium carbonate added to boiling water will remove flesh from the skull or bones of trophies to create the "European skull mount" or for educational display in biological and historical studies.
In chemistry, it is often used as an electrolyte. This is because electrolytes are usually salt-based, and sodium carbonate acts as a very good conductor in the process of electrolysis. Additionally, unlike chloride ion which form chlorine gas, carbonate ions are not corrosive to the anodes. The chloride Ion is formed when the element Chlorine picks up one Electron to form an Anion (negatively-charged ion Cl&minus Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and It is also used as a primary standard for acid-base titrations because it is solid and air-stable, making it easy to weigh accurately. In Metrology, a primary standard is a standard that is accurate enough that it is not calibrated by or subordinate to other standards An acid-base Titration is a method in Chemistry that allows quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown Acid or base
In domestic use, it is used as a water softener during laundry. It competes with the ions magnesium and calcium in hard water and prevents them from bonding with the detergent being used. Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Hard water is the type of Water that has high Mineral content (in contrast with Soft water) Without using washing soda, additional detergent is needed to soak up the magnesium and calcium ions. Called Washing Soda or Sal Soda[2] in the detergent section of stores, it effectively removes oil, grease, and alcohol stains. Sodium carbonate is also used as a descaling agent in boilers such as found in coffee pots, espresso machines, etc.
In dyeing with fiber-reactive dyes, sodium carbonate (often under a name such as soda ash fixative or soda ash activator) is used to ensure proper chemical bonding of the dye with the fibers, typically before dying (for tie dyes), mixed with the dye (for dye painting), or after dyeing (for immersion dyeing). [3]
Other Applications
Sodium carbonate is a food additive (E500) used as an acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent and stabilizer. It is one of the components of kansui, a solution of alkaline salts used to give ramen noodles their characteristic flavor and texture. is a Japanese Noodle dish that originated in China. It tends to be served in a meat-based broth and uses toppings such as,, Kamaboko, green onions [4][5] Sodium carbonate is also used in the production of sherbet lollies. The cooling and fizzing sensation results from the endothermic reaction between sodium carbonate and a weak acid, commonly citric acid, releasing carbon dioxide gas, which occurs when the sherbet is moistened by saliva.
Sodium carbonate is used by the brick industry as a wetting agent to reduce the amount of water needed to extrude the clay.
In casting, it is referred to as "bonding agent" and is used to allow wet alginate to adhere to gelled alginate. Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is (usually poured into a mold which Alginic acid ( algin, alginate) is a viscous gum that is abundant in the cell walls of Brown algae. [6]
Sodium carbonate is used to encapsulate and kill mold. When mixed with water and put in a spray bottle, it is sold for its anti-mold cleaning ability. It is also used to blast off mold from wood or other materials.
Sodium carbonate is used in toothpastes, where it acts as a foaming agent, an abrasive, and to temporarily increase mouth pH.
The crystalline form of washing soda can be used to induce vomiting in dogs. A tablespoon for large breeds is sufficient to force the animal to empty the contents of its stomach.
Sodium carbonate may be used for safely cleaning silver. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen First, aluminium foil is added to a glass or ceramic container, and covered with very hot water and some sodium carbonate. WikipediaManual of Style#National varieties of English --> Aluminium foil (known Silver items are dipped into this "bath" to clean them, making sure the silver makes contact with the aluminium foil. Finally, the silver is rinsed in water and let to dry. [7]
Occurrence
Sodium carbonate is soluble in water, but can occur naturally in arid regions, especially in the mineral deposits (evaporites) formed when seasonal lakes evaporate. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the Deposits of the mineral natron, a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, have been mined from dry lake bottoms in Egypt since ancient times, when natron was used in the preparation of mummies and in the early manufacture of glass. Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of Sodium carbonate decahydrate ( Na 2 C[[oxygen O]]3 · 10 H2O Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of Sodium carbonate decahydrate ( Na 2 C[[oxygen O]]3 · 10 H2O A mummy is a Corpse whose Skin and Flesh have been preserved by either intentional or Incidental exposure to Chemicals extreme Sodium carbonate has three known forms of hydrates: sodium carbonate decahydrate, sodium carbonate heptahydrate and sodium carbonate monohydrate. Sodium carbonate also erupts from Tanzania's unique volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai [8], and probably erupted from other volcanoes in the past [9]. Ol Doinyo Lengai is a Volcano located in the north of Tanzania and is part of the volcanic system of the Great Rift Valley in Eastern Africa
Production
Mining
Trona, hydrated sodium bicarbonate carbonate (Na3HCO3CO3·2H2O), is mined in several areas of the United States and provides nearly all the domestic sodium carbonate. This page is about the mineral For the town please see Trona California; for the geological feature please see Trona Pinnacles. Sodium sesquicarbonate (Systematic name trisodium hydrogendicarbonate Na3H(CO32 which is a Double salt of Sodium bicarbonate and Large natural deposits found in 1938, such as the one near Green River, Wyoming, have made mining more economical than industrial production in North America. Green River is a city in southwestern Wyoming in Sweetwater County.
It is also mined out of certain alkaline lakes such as Lake Magadi in Kenya by using a basic dredging process and it is also self-regenerating so will never run out in its natural source. Lake Magadi is the southermost Lake in the Kenya Rift Valley, lying in a catchment of faulted volcanic rocks north east of Lake Natron. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south
Barilla and kelp
Several "halophyte" (salt tolerant) plant species and seaweed species can be processed to yield an impure form of sodium carbonate, and these sources predominated in Europe and elsewhere until the early 19th Century. biosalinity|halophile A halophyte is a Plant that naturally grows where it is affected by Salinity in the root area or by salt spray such as in saline semi-deserts The land plants (typically glassworts or saltworts) or the seaweed (typically Fucus species) were harvested, dried, and burned. The common name Glasswort came into use in the 16th Century to describe plants growing in England whose ashes could be used for making soda-based (as opposed to Potash Fucus is a Genus of Brown alga ( Seaweed) in the Class Phaeophyceae to be found in the intertidal zones of rocky shores The ashes were then "lixiviated" (washed with water) to form an alkali solution. This solution was boiled dry to create the final product, which was termed "soda ash;" this very old name refers to the archetypal plant source for soda ash, which was the small annual shrub Salsola soda ("barilla plant"). Salsola soda, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle or Barilla Plant is a small
The sodium carbonate concentration in soda ash varied very widely, from 2-3% for the seaweed-derived form ("kelp"), to 30% for the best barilla produced from saltwort plants in Spain. Kelp are large Seaweeds ( Algae) belonging to the Brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales Salsola soda|Salsola kali|Halogeton sativus|Glasswort|Soda ash Barilla refers to several species of salt-tolerant (" Halophyte " plants that until the 19th Plant and seaweed sources for soda ash, and also for the related alkali "potash," became increasingly inadequate by the end of the 18th Century, and the search for commercially-viable routes to synthesizing soda ash from salt and other chemicals intensified. In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal Potash (or carbonate of potash) is an impure form of Potassium carbonate ( K 2 CO3) [10]
Leblanc process
In 1791, the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc patented a process for producing sodium carbonate from salt, sulfuric acid, limestone, and coal. The Leblanc process was the industrial process for the production of soda ash ( Sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century named after its inventor Nicolas This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nicolas Leblanc ( December 6 1742 &ndash January 16 1806) was a French Chemist and surgeon who discovered how Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 First, sea salt (sodium chloride) was boiled in sulfuric acid to yield sodium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas, according to the chemical equation
Next, the sodium sulfate was blended with crushed limestone (calcium carbonate) and coal, and the mixture was burnt, producing calcium sulfide. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Sodium sulfate is the Sodium salt of Sulfuric acid A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a Chemical reaction. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. Sodium sulfate is the Sodium salt of Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3 Calcium sulfide is the Chemical compound with the formula CaS
The sodium carbonate was extracted from the ashes with water, and then collected by allowing the water to evaporate. Sodium sulfate is the Sodium salt of Sulfuric acid Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3 Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Calcium sulfide is the Chemical compound with the formula CaS Liquid-liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two
The hydrochloric acid produced by the Leblanc process was a major source of air pollution, and the calcium sulfide byproduct also presented waste disposal issues. The Leblanc process was the industrial process for the production of soda ash ( Sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century named after its inventor Nicolas Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort Calcium sulfide is the Chemical compound with the formula CaS However, it remained the major production method for sodium carbonate until the late 1880s. [10][11]
Solvay process
In 1861, the Belgian industrial chemist Ernest Solvay developed a method to convert sodium chloride to sodium carbonate using ammonia. The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of Soda ash ( Sodium carbonate The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay ( 16 April 1838 - 26 May 1922) was a Belgian Chemist, Industrialist and Philanthropist Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor The Solvay process centered around a large hollow tower. The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of Soda ash ( Sodium carbonate At the bottom, calcium carbonate (limestone) was heated to release carbon dioxide:
At the top, a concentrated solution of sodium chloride and ammonia entered the tower. Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3 Calcium oxide ( CaO) commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used Chemical compound. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single As the carbon dioxide bubbled up through it, sodium bicarbonate precipitated:
The sodium bicarbonate was then converted to sodium carbonate by heating it, releasing water and carbon dioxide:
Meanwhile, the ammonia was regenerated from the ammonium chloride byproduct by treating it with the lime (calcium hydroxide) left over from carbon dioxide generation:
Because the Solvay process recycled its ammonia, it consumed only brine and limestone, and had calcium chloride as its only waste product. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Ammonium chloride ( N[[Hydrogen H]]4 Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, or pickling lime, is a Chemical compound with the chemical formula Calcium oxide ( CaO) commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used Chemical compound. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, or pickling lime, is a Chemical compound with the chemical formula Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime, hydrated lime, or pickling lime, is a Chemical compound with the chemical formula Ammonium chloride ( N[[Hydrogen H]]4 Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac Calcium chloride (CaCl2 is an ionic compound of Calcium and Chlorine. Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Calcium chloride (CaCl2 is an ionic compound of Calcium and Chlorine. This made it substantially more economical than the Leblanc process, and it soon came to dominate world sodium carbonate production. By 1900, 90% of sodium carbonate was produced by the Solvay process, and the last Leblanc process plant closed in the early 1920s.
Hou's process
Developed by a Chinese chemist Hou Debang in 1930s. It is the same as the Solvay process in the first few steps. But, instead of treating the remaining solution with lime, carbon dioxide and ammonia is pumped into the solution, and sodium chloride is added until it is saturated at 40 °C. Then the solution is cooled down to 10 °C. Ammonium chloride precipitates and is removed by filtration, the solution is recycled to produce more sodium bicarbonate. Ammonium chloride ( N[[Hydrogen H]]4 Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac Hou's Process eliminates the production of calcium chloride and the byproduct ammonium chloride can be used as a fertilizer. Calcium chloride (CaCl2 is an ionic compound of Calcium and Chlorine. Ammonium chloride ( N[[Hydrogen H]]4 Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac
References
- ^ North Carolina Department of Environmental Health. "Water Chemistry for Swimming Pools".
- ^ Definition: sal soda [1]
- ^ FAQ: What is soda ash, and what's it used for in dyeing?
- ^ http://www.instantramen.or.jp/english/outline/outline12.html "Kansui"]
- ^ "Hydrolysis adjustment liquid"
- ^ Mark Alfrey. Mark Alfrey's Prosthetic Make-up for Beginners [DVD].
- ^ Caring for your Silver. Richard Gardner Antiques. Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ Dawson, J. B. , "Sodium Carbonate Lavas From Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanganyika", 1962. Nature, v. 195.
- ^ Dawson, J. B. , Garson, M. S. , Roberts, B. , "Altered former alkalic carbonatite lava from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania: Inferences for calcite carbonatite lavas", 1987. Geology, v. 15
- ^ a b Clow, Archibald and Clow, Nan L. (1952). Chemical Revolution, (Ayer Co Pub, June 1952), pp. 65-90. ISBN 0836919092.
- ^ Kiefer, David M. (2002). "It was all about alkali," Today's Chemist at Work, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 45-6.
External links
Dictionary
sodium carbonate
-noun
- (chemistry) A salt, Na2CO3 formally derived from sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid; it is a white powder, soluble in water, with domestic, commercial and industrial uses
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