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Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
IUPAC name Sodium Hydrogencarbonate
Other names Sodium bicarbonate; bicarbonate of soda; baking soda
Identifiers
CAS number [144-55-8]
RTECS number VZ0950000
Properties
Molecular formula NaHCO3
Molar mass 84. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 007 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid.
Density 2. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 159 g/cm3, solid.
Melting point

Decomposes around 50 °C
Solubility in water 7. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 8g/100ml water at 18 °C
Refractive index (nD) 1. The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium 500
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
Main hazards Irritant, esp. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in to respiratory system
NFPA 704
0
1
0
 
Flash point Non-flammable. Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air
Related compounds
Other anions Sodium carbonate; carbonic acid
Related compounds Sodium bisulfate; sodium hydrogen phosphate
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3 Sodium bisulfate, also sodium hydrogen sulfate, has the Chemical formula NaHSO4 Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4 is a Sodium salt of Phosphoric acid. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating It has a slight alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of Sodium carbonate decahydrate ( Na 2 C[[oxygen O]]3 · 10 H2O A spring is a point where Groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the Aquifer surface meets the ground surface The natural mineral form is known as nahcolite. It is also produced artificially.

Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, bicarbonate of soda. A salt, in Chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of Acids and bases. Colloquially, its name is shortened to sodium bicarb. The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Potassium bicarbonate (also known as potassium hydrogen carbonate or potassium acid carbonate) is a colorless odorless slightly basic, salty substance The term has now fallen out of common usage.

Contents

History

The ancient Egyptians used natural deposits of natron, a mixture consisting mostly of sodium carbonate decahydrate and sodium bicarbonate. Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of Sodium carbonate decahydrate ( Na 2 C[[oxygen O]]3 · 10 H2O Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. The natron was used as a cleansing agent like soap. SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using

In 1791 a French chemist produced sodium bicarbonate, as we know it today. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common But it was only in 1846 that two New York bakers, John Dwight and Austin Church, developed the process of making baking soda from sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single [1]

Production

Main article: Solvay process

NaHCO3 is mainly prepared by the Solvay process, which is the reaction of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide in water. The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of Soda ash ( Sodium carbonate The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of Soda ash ( Sodium carbonate Calcium carbonate is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula Ca[[Carbon C]] O 3 For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single It is produced on the scale of about 100,000 ton/year (as of 2001). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [2]

NaHCO3 may be obtained by the reaction of carbon dioxide with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature The initial reaction produces sodium carbonate:

CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O

Further addition of carbon dioxide produces sodium bicarbonate, which at sufficiently high concentration will precipitate out of solution:

Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3

Commercial quantities of baking soda are also produced by a similar method: soda ash, mined in the form of the ore trona, is dissolved in water and treated with carbon dioxide. Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single This page is about the mineral For the town please see Trona California; for the geological feature please see Trona Pinnacles. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates as a solid from this method:

Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NaHCO3

Chemistry

Sodium bicarbonate is an amphoteric compound. It has a pKa of 6. 3 in water which causes aqueous solutions to be mildly alkaline:

HCO3- + H2O → H2CO3 + OH-

Sodium bicarbonate can be used as a wash to remove any acidic impurities from a "crude" liquid, producing a more pure sample. In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal In Chemistry, hydroxide is the most common name for the diatomic Anion OH− consisting of Oxygen and Hydrogen Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an acid to give a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decoposes to carbon dioxide and water:

NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2CO3
H2CO3 → H2O+ CO2 (gas)

Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid:

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 (gas)

Sodium bicarbonate reacts with bases:

NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O

Thermal decomposition

Above 60 °C, it gradually decomposes into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Sodium acetate, (also sodium ethanoate) is the Sodium salt of Acetic acid. In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single The conversion is fast at 200 °C:

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

Most bicarbonates undergo this dehydration reaction. Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. In Chemistry, a dehydration reaction is usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule Further heating converts the carbonate into the oxide (at around 1000°C):

Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2

These conversions are relevant to the use of NaHCO3 as a fire-suppression agent ("BC powder") in some dry powder fire extinguishers. Sodium oxide is a Chemical compound with the formula Na 2 O. It is used in Ceramics and Glasses Treatment with water A fire extinguisher is an Active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires often in emergency situations

Applications

Cooking

Main article: leavening agent

Sodium bicarbonate is primarily used in cooking (baking) where it reacts with other components to release carbon dioxide, that helps dough "rise. A leavening agent (sometimes called just leavening or leaven) is a substance used in Doughs and batters that causes a foaming action intended Cooking is the process of preparing Food by applying Heat, selecting measuring and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure for producing safe and edible Baking is the technique of prolonged Cooking of Food by dry heat acting by conduction, and not by radiation, normally in an Oven, Dough is a paste made out of any Cereals (grains or leguminous crops by mixing the Flour with a small amount of Water. " The acidic compounds that induce this reaction include phosphates, cream of tartar, lemon juice, yogurt, buttermilk, cocoa, vinegar, etc. A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. Cream of tartar redirects here --> Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Yoghurt, yogurt, yoghourt, youghurt or yogourt (see spelling below is a Buttermilk is a Fermented dairy product produced from Cow's milk with a characteristically sour taste Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which Chocolate is made Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid , hence sodium bicarbonate can be substituted for baking powder provided sufficient acid reagent is also added to the recipe. Baking powder is a dry chemical Leavening agent used in cooking mainly baking [3] Many forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with one or more acidic phosphates or cream of tartar. Baking powder is a dry chemical Leavening agent used in cooking mainly baking

Neutralization of acids and bases

Many laboratories keep a bottle of sodium bicarbonate powder within easy reach, because sodium bicarbonate is amphoteric, reacting with acids and bases. pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a Solution. (See Chemistry) Furthermore, as it is relatively innocuous in most situations there is no harm in using excess sodium bicarbonate. Lastly, sodium bicarbonate powder may be used to smother a small fire.

A wide variety of applications follow from its neutralization properties including ameliorating the effects of white phosphorus in incendiary bullets, from spreading inside an afflicted soldier's wounds. This article is about the military applications of white phosphorus. [4] Sodium bicarbonate can be added as a simple solution for raising the pH balance of water that has a high level of chlorine, such as in swimming pools and aquariums. [5]

Miscellaneous uses

Baking soda has many other miscellaneous uses:

Medical uses

Sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn[6] An aqueous solution is administered intravenously for cases of acidosis, or when there is insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions in the blood. An antacid is any substance generally a base or Basic salt, which counteracts stomach acidity. Acid indigestion is a type of Indigestion involving an excess of Hydrochloric acid in the Stomach. Heartburn or pyrosis is a painful or burning sensation in the Esophagus, just below the breastbone usually associated with regurgitation of gastric acid Acidosis is an increased Acidity (ie an increased Hydrogen ion Concentration) [7] This compound has also been used as for patients with ureterosigmoidostomy. A ureterosigmoidostomy is a surgical procedure where the Ureters which carry urine from the Kidneys are diverted into the Sigmoid colon.

Adverse reactions to emergency administration include congestive heart failure, with edema secondary to sodium overload, and the metabolic complication of hyperosmolarity, metabolic acidosis, and hypernatremia. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply In Medicine, metabolic acidosis is a process which if unchecked leads to acidemia (i

As a cleaning agent

Miscellanea

See also

References

  1. ^ Company History. Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of Sodium carbonate decahydrate ( Na 2 C[[oxygen O]]3 · 10 H2O Nahcolite, Na[[Hydrogen H]] C[[Oxygen O]]3 is a soft colourless or white Carbonate mineral also called Sodium bicarbonate, Baking This is a List of Minerals for which there are Wikipedia articles Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3 Church & Dwight Co. .
  2. ^ Holleman, A. F. ; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  3. ^ Radiation Cookery Book 45th Edition, Radiation Group Sales Ltd 1954
  4. ^ White Phosphorus. GlobalSecurity. org. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  5. ^ Outdoor Fun: Pool Care. Arm & Hammer Baking Soda (2003). Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  6. ^ Sodium Bicarbonate. Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology (1998).
  7. ^ Sodium Bicarbonate Intravenous Infusion. Consumer Medicine Information. Better Health Channel (2004-07-13). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to
  8. ^ Can baking soda curb global warming?. CNet News (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St

Further reading

  1. Bishop, D. , J. Edge, C. Davis, and C. Goodman. Induced Metabolic Alkalosis Affects Muscle Metabolism and Muscle Metabolism and Repeated-Sprint Ability. Alkalosis refers to a condition reducing Hydrogen ion concentration of arterial Blood plasma ( alkalemia) Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 807-813, 2004.

External links

Dictionary

sodium bicarbonate

-noun

  1. (chemistry) A salt of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, NaHCO3.
  2. This salt used in cooking as a raising agent, as an antacid, a cleaner, etc.
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