| Sodium acetate | |
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| IUPAC name | sodium acetate (IUPAC) sodium ethanoate (systematic) |
| Other names | sodium salt |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 127-09-3 (anhydrous) 6131-90-4 (trihydrate) |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | CH3COONa |
| Molar mass | 82. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 03 g/mol (anhydrous) 136. 08 g/mol (trihydrate) |
| Appearance | White deliquescent powder |
| Density | 1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 45 g/cm³, solid |
| Melting point |
Decomposes at 324 °C |
| Boiling point |
Decomposes |
| Solubility in water | 76 g/100 ml (0°C) |
| Basicity (pKb) | 9. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. 25 |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | monoclinic |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| Main hazards | Irritant |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Sodium acetate, (also sodium ethanoate) is the sodium salt of acetic acid. In Mineralogy and Crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal. In Crystallography, the monoclinic Crystal system is one of the 7 lattice Point groups A crystal system is described by three vectors. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 A salt, in Chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of Acids and bases. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste It is an inexpensive chemical produced in industrial quantities for a wide range of uses.
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Applications
Sodium acetate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. Photoresist is a Light -sensitive material used in several industrial processes such as Photolithography and Photoengraving to form a patterned coating Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an Organic compound with the formula C6H7N It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. Pickling, also known as brining or corning, is the process of preserving Food by Anaerobic fermentation in Brine (a solution Tanning is the process of converting Putrescible skin into non-putrescible Leather, usually with Tannin, an Acidic Chemical compound Vulcanization (or Vulcanisation refers to a specific curing process of Rubber involving high heat and the addition of Sulfur or other equivalent curatives Chloroprene is the common name for the Organic compound 2-chloro-13-butadiene, which has the Chemical formula CH2=CCl-CH=CH2 Elastomer Synthetic rubber is any type of artificially made Polymer material which acts as an Elastomer.
Sodium acetate is the chemical that gives salt and vinegar chips (crisps) their flavor. A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of Potato, deep fried or baked until Crisp. It may also be added to foods as a preservative; in this application it is usually written as "sodium diacetate" and labeled E262.
As the conjugate base of a weak acid, a solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. For an individual weak acid or weak base component see Buffering agent. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent.
Sodium acetate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in "hot ice". "Hotbag" redirects here For the container used to keep pizzas warm see Pizza delivery. Hand warmers are small (sometimes disposable packets which are held in the hand and produce Heat on demand to warm cold hands When sodium acetate trihydrate crystals (melting point 58 °C) are heated to around 100 °C, they melt. When this melt cools, it gives a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate in water. The term supersaturation refers to a Solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the Solvent under normal circumstances This solution is capable of supercooling to room temperature, well below its melting point, without forming crystals. By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed which causes the solution to crystallize into solid sodium acetate trihydrate again. Nucleation is the onset of a Phase transition in a small region The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic, hence heat is emitted. In Thermodynamics, the word exothermic "outside heating" describes a process or reaction that releases Energy usually in the form of Heat, but [1][2][3] The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of [4]
Preparation
Sodium acetate is inexpensive, and is usually purchased from chemical suppliers, instead of being synthesized in the laboratory. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), is a Sodium Salt of Carbonic acid. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature These reactions produce aqueous sodium acetate, and water. Carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction with sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and it leaves the reaction vessel as a gas (unless the reaction vessel is pressurized).
- CH3–COOH + Na+[HCO3]– → CH3–COO– Na+ + H2O + CO2
This is the well-known "fizzing" reaction between baking soda and vinegar. Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid 84 grams of sodium bicarbonate react with 750 g of 8% vinegar to make 82 g sodium acetate in water. By subsequently boiling off most of the water, one can refine either a concentrated solution of sodium acetate or actual crystals.
Reactions
Sodium acetate can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromoethane:
- H3C–COO– Na+ + Br–CH2–CH3 → H3C–COO–CH2–CH3 + NaBr
In such a reaction, the sodium acetate is usually complexed with Cesium in order to increase the nucleophilicity of the carboxylate group. Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least Bromoethane, also known as ethyl bromide is a Chemical compound of the Haloalkanes group Bromoethane, also known as ethyl bromide is a Chemical compound of the Haloalkanes group Ethyl acetate ( systematically, ethyl ethanoate commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA is the Organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3 Sodium bromide, also known as sedoneural is a Salt with the formula Na[[bromine Br]] widely used as an Anticonvulsant and a Sedative
Gallery
 A hand warmer containing a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate which releases heat on crystallization |
References
- ^ Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate. Hand warmers are small (sometimes disposable packets which are held in the hand and produce Heat on demand to warm cold hands Journal of Chemical Education. The Journal of Chemical Education ( JCE) is a monthly subscription-only periodical available in both print and electronic versions
- ^ "Fake" latent heat and supersaturation
- ^ How do sodium acetate heat pads work?. HowStuffWorks. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
- ^ Thermal Energy Storage: Systems and Applications, By Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A. Rosen, p. 155 [1]
External links
- Hot Ice – Instructions, Pictures, and Videos
- Video on how to make hot ice using sodium acetate
- More information, videos, and pictures
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