Sociocybernetics is an independent chapter of science in sociology based upon the General Systems Theory and cybernetics. Systems theory is an Interdisciplinary field of Science and the study of the nature of Complex systems in Nature, Society, and Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the Structure of Complex systems especially Communication processes control mechanisms and Feedback

It also has a basis in Organizational Development (OD) consultancy practice and in Theories of Communication, theories of psychotherapies and computer sciences. Organization development (OD is the process through which an organization develops the internal capacity to most efficiently and effectively provide its mission work and to sustain itself Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Psychotherapy is an Interpersonal, relational intervention used by trained psychotherapists to aid clients in problems of living Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their The International Sociological Association has a specialist research committee in the area – RC51 – which publishes the (electronic) Journal of Sociocybernetics. (See also: www.sociocybernetics.eu)

The term "socio" in the name of sociocybernetics refers to any social system (as defined, among others, by Talcott Parsons and Niklas Luhmann). Social structure is a term frequently used in Sociology and Social theory — yet rarely defined or clearly conceptualised (Abercrombie et al Talcott Parsons ( December 13, 1902 - May 8, 1979) was an American sociologist, who served on the faculty of Harvard University Niklas Luhmann ( December 8, 1927 - November 6, 1998) was a German Sociologist, administration expert and a prominent

The idea to study society as a system can be traced back to the origin of sociology when the emergent idea of functional differentiation has been applied for the first time to society by August Comte. Auguste Comte (full name Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte; 17 January 1798 – 5 September 1857 was a French thinker who is generally credited for having

The basic goal, why sociocybernetics was created, is to produce a theoretical framework as well as information technology tools for responding to the basic challenges individuals, couples, families, groups, companies, organizations, countries, international affairs are facing today.

Contents 1 Sociocybernetics analyzes social 'forces' 2 Sociocybernetics aims to generate a general theoretical framework for understanding cooperative behavior. 3 Issues and challenges 4 Bibliography 5 Notes 6 See also

Sociocybernetics analyzes social 'forces'

It is common observation that public policy rarely achieves its manifest goals, and, indeed, usually achieves its opposite. In education, for example, more than 80% of the population agree that its main goals include nurturing the diverse talents of the pupils and individual qualities like initiative. But schools rarely attend to these goals and the system as a whole achieves its opposite – it arranges people in a single hierarchy (misleadingly termed “ability”) the main function of which is to legitimize and perpetuate a divided society which compels most people to participate in the destructive activities of which modern societies are so largely composed. (See eg Raven, 1994, 1995). The same discrepancy can be observed at the individual level: whereas most people support activities which would help to stem our headlong plunge toward extermination as a species (see sustainability), most engage in activities which have the opposite effect. Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely

Many people offer “common sense” explanations of these discrepancies and many of these have some foundation. But the truth is more basic. We find ourselves at the mercy of a series of hidden social forces which form a network of mutually supportive feedback loops. We find ourselves in the world similar to that in which people found themselves prior to Newton. At that time, it was believed that if things moved or changed direction it was of their internal properties. They were ``animated``. After Newton it was because they were acted upon by a network of invisible forces which could nevertheless be mapped, measured, and harnessed. (To extend the quotation from Plato given at the beginning of the main cybernetics entry, it was impossible, until this was done, to design sailing boats that would harness the available forces in such a way as to be able to sail into the wind – and thus to enable captains and their crews to get where they wanted to get to. )

One of the tasks of sociocybernetics is to map, measure, harness, and find ways of intervening in the parallel network of social forces that primarily control human behavior. To link once more back to the basic definition of cybernetics, the task is to understand the guidance and control mechanisms that actually govern the operation of society (and the behavior of individuals more generally) and then to devise better ways of harnessing and intervening in them – that is to say to devise more effective ways of running (and, to link back to the origins of the word cybernetics one may use the word “governing”) society in the long term public interest. As such, sociocybernetics is crucial to the survival of our species (see sustainability). Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely

Sociocybernetics aims to generate a general theoretical framework for understanding cooperative behavior.

It claims to give a deep understanding of the General Theory of Evolution. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 The key that Sociocybernetics gives to all living system lies in a Basic Law of SocioCybernetics. It says: All living systems go through five levels of interrelations (social contracts) of its subsystems:

• A. Aggression: survive or die
• B. Bureaucracy: follow the norms and rules or woodoo death
• C. Competition: my gain is your loss
• D. Decision: disclosing individual feelings, intentions
• E. Empathy: cooperation in one unified interest

Going through these five phases of relationship gives the framework for all evolutional systems. It serves as an "equation for life" in biology and ecological sciences. It is one of the basic components in the General Integrating Theory in Philosophy of Science

One of the possible end-products of sociocybernetics would be a software system that allowed humans to live a global community society instead of countries. Philosophy of science is the study of assumptions foundations and implications of Science. . .

Issues and challenges

Recent research from the Santa Fe Institute present the idea that social systems like cities don't behave like organisms as has been proposed by some in sociocybernetics. The Santa Fe Institute (SFI is a non-profit research institute located in Santa Fe New Mexico, United States, dedicated to the study of Complex systems ^[1]

Bibliography

• Raven, J. (1994). Managing Education for Effective Schooling: The Most Important Problem Is to Come to Terms with Values. Unionville, New York: Trillium Press. (OCLC 34483891)

• Raven, J. (1995). The New Wealth of Nations: A New Enquiry into the Nature and Origins of the Wealth of Nations and the Societal Learning Arrangements Needed for a Sustainable Society. Unionville, New York: Royal Fireworks Press; Sudbury, Suffolk: Bloomfield Books. (ISBN 0-89824-232-0)   (Chapters 1 [which summarises the whole book], 4 [“Some Observations on Money”], and 17 [Summary of Parts I to III and overview of Part IV: The Way Forward] are available at www.npsnet.com/cdd/nwn.htm).

Notes

See also

Anthropology Dynastic cycle Complex systems General systems theory Psychology Social cycle theory Sociology Superorganisms

Systems thinking Systems philosophy War cycles World-systems theory List of cycles

Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of According to Chinese political theory every Dynasty goes through a dynastic cycle. This article describes complex systems as field of Science. For other meanings see Complex system. Systems theory is an Interdisciplinary field of Science and the study of the nature of Complex systems in Nature, Society, and Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Social cycle theories are one of the earliest Social theories in Sociology. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" A superorganism is an Organism consisting of many organisms This is usually meant to be a Social unit of eusocial animals where Division of labour Systems thinking is a unique approach to problem solving in that it views certain "problems" as parts of an overall system rather than focusing on individual outcomes and contributing Systems philosophy is the study of the development of Systems, with an emphasis on Design and Root cause analysis. The theory of war cycles holds that Wars happen in cycles The cycles of war The forerunner of the study of war cycles was Edward R Dewey World system approach is a Post-Marxist view of world affairs one of several historical and current applications of Marxism to International relations. This article does not deal with types of Bicycles for that see Bicycle#Types of bicycle and:CategoryCycle types.

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