Social refers to human society or its organization. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions An organization (or organisation &mdash see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals which controls its own performance and Social insects not only feed and protect themselves, but they also help their colony to survive. Although the term is a crucial category in social science and often used in public discourse, its meaning is at times vague, suggesting that it is a fuzzy concept. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Discourse (L discursus, "running to and from" means either "written or spoken communication or debate" or "a formal discussion A fuzzy concept is a Concept of which the content value or boundaries of application can vary according to context or conditions instead of being fixed once and for all An added difficulty is that social attributes or relationships may not be directly observable and visible, and must be inferred by abstract thought. Someone who lacks social skills and therefore does not see friends or participate in social situations may become very shy, anxious or self-conscious within themselves. Thus the sociologist C. Wright Mills used the expression "the sociological imagination", which referred to the need to think imaginatively beyond what an individual can empirically observe in order to grasp the social domain in all its dimensions — connecting, for example, "private troubles" and "public issues". Charles Mills ( August 28, 1916, Waco Texas &ndash March 20, 1962, West Nyack New York) was an American Sociological imagination is a sociological term coined by the American sociologist C

A similar point is made in the context of architecture by Ole Bouman and Roemer van Toorn in The Invisible in Architecture. General problems concerning the nature of social reality and what (or how) we can know about it are the object of social theory. Social theory is an essential tool used by scholars in the analysis of society through the use of theoretical frameworks social structures and phenomena are analyzed and placed in context

Definition: Jane is very social around her friends.

In the absence of agreement about its meaning, the term "social" is used in many different senses, referring among other things to:

• attitudes, orientations or behaviours which take the interests, intentions or needs of other people into account (in contrast to anti-social behaviour);
• common characteristics of people or descriptions of collectivities (social facts);
• relations between people (social relations) generally, or particular associations among people;
• interactions between people (social action);
• membership of a group of people or inclusion or belonging to a community of people;
• co-operation or co-operative characteristics between people;
• relations of (mutual) dependence;
• the public sector ("social sector") or the need for governance for the good of all, contrasted with the private sector;
• in existentialist and postmodernist thought, relationships between the Self and the Other;
• interactive systems in communities of animal or insect populations, or any living organisms. Attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or dislike for an item Antisocial personality disorder ( APD) is a Mental disorder.It is defined by the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical In Positivist Sociology, social facts are the values cultural norms and social structures that are external to the individual Social relation can refer to a multitude of Social interactions regulated by Social norms between two or more people with each having a Social position In Sociology, social actions refer to any action that takes into account the actions and reactions of other Individuals and is modified based on those events In biological terms a community is a group of interacting Organisms sharing an environment. Distinguish from Corporation. Cooperation, co-operation, or coöperation is the process of working or acting together The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional Governance relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. In Economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private Profit and is not controlled by the State. Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives and that this essence follows from their existence Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Self is broadly defined as the essential qualities that make a person distinct from all others The Other or constitutive other (also referred to as othering) is a key concept in Continental philosophy, opposed to the Same Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described

In one broad meaning, "social" refers only to society as "a system of common life", but in another sense it contrasts specifically with "individual" and individualist theories of society. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions As commonly used, individual refers to a Person or to any specific object in a collection This is reflected for instance in the different perspectives of liberalism and socialism on society and public affairs. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Public administration can be broadly described as the development implementation and study of branches of government Policy.

The adjective "social" implies that the verb or noun to which it is applied is somehow more communicative, cooperative, and moderated by contact with human beings, than if it were omitted. That is, it implies that larger society has played some role in defining the idea or the principle. For instance terms like social realism, social justice, social constructivism, social psychology and social capital imply that there is some social process involved or considered, a process that is not there in regular, "non-social", realism, justice, constructivism, psychology, or capital. Social constructionism and social constructivism are sociological and psychological theories of Knowledge that consider how social phenomena develop in

The adjective "social" is also used often in political discourse, although its meaning in such a context depends heavily on who is using it. In left-wing circles it is often used to imply a positive characteristic, while in right-wing circles it is generally used to imply a negative characteristic. It should also be noted that, overall, this adjective is used much more often by those on the political left than by those on the political right.

For these reasons, those seeking to avoid association with the left-right political debates often seek to label their work with phrases that do not include the word "social". An example is quasi-empiricism in mathematics which is sometimes labelled social constructivism by those who see it as an unwarranted intrusion of social considerations in mathematical practice, which is supposed to be "objective" and "above" social concerns. Quasi-empiricism in Mathematics is the attempt in the Philosophy of mathematics to direct philosophers' attention to Mathematical practice, in

Contents 1 Social theorists 2 Socialism and social democracy 3 Modern uses 4 Regional uses

Social theorists

In the view of Karl Marx, human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who - beyond being "gregarious creatures" - cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproducing their material life, people must necessarily enter into relations of production which are "independent of their will". The term socialization is used by sociologists, social psychologists and Educationalists to refer to the process of learning one’s Culture Relations of production (German Produktionsverhältnisse) is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx in his theory of Historical materialism and in

By contrast, the sociologist Max Weber for example defines human action as "social" if, by virtue of the subjective meanings attached to the action by individuals, it "takes account of the behavior of others, and is thereby oriented in its course". Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (maks 'veːbɐ (21 April 1864 &ndash 14 June 1920 was a German political economist and sociologist who was considered In this case, the "social" domain really exists only in the intersubjective relations between individuals, but by implication the life of these individuals also exists in part outside the social domain. Intersubjectivity is something which is shared by two or more subjects. "Social" is thus implicitly also contrasted with "private". Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively

In the positivist sociology of Emile Durkheim, a social fact is an abstraction external to the individual which constrains that individual's actions. Positivism is the Philosophy that the only authentic knowledge is knowledge that is based on actual sense experience Émile Durkheim ( April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French Sociologist whose contributions were instrumental In his 1895 work Rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim writes: "A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an influence, or an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general throughout a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations. " In Durkheim's view, sociology is 'the science of social facts'.

Socialism and social democracy

The term "socialism", used from the 1830s onwards in France and the United Kingdom, was directly related to what was called the social question, in essence the problem that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create "liberty, equality and fraternity" for all citizens, requiring the intervention of politics and social reform to tackle social problems, injustices and grievances (a topic on which Jean-Jacques Rousseau discourses at length in his classic work The Social Contract). Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Reform Movement redirects here For specific organizations by that name see Reform Movement (disambiguation A reform movement is a kind The Social Contract Or Principles of Political Right (1762 by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is the book in which Rousseau theorized about Social contracts Originally the term "socialist" was often used interchangeably with "co-operative", "mutualist", "associationist" and "collectivist". Mutualism is a Biological interaction between individuals of two different Species, where both individuals derive a fitness benefit for example increased Associationism in philosophy refers to the idea that mental processes operate by the association of one state with its successor states Collectivism is a term used to describe any moral political or social outlook that stresses human Interdependence and the importance of a Collective, rather than

The term social democracy originally referred to the political project of extending democratic forms of association to the whole of society, substituting popular sovereignty, the universal franchise and social ownership for the rule of a propertied class which had exclusive voting rights. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the belief that the legitimacy of the State is created by the will or consent of its people, who Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to

Modern uses

In contemporary society, "social" often refers to the redistributive policies of the government which aim to apply resources in the public interest, for example, social security. The public interest refers to the "common well-being" or "general welfare Social security primarily refers to a Social insurance program providing social protection or protection against socially recognized conditions including poverty old Policy concerns then include the problems of social exclusion and social cohesion. Social Exclusion has no agreed to defined or specific single application though one suggested definition is as follows Social exclusion is a multidimensional process Social cohesion is term used in Social policy, Sociology and Political science to describe the bonds or "glue" that bring people together in Here, "social" contrasts with "private" and to the distinction between the public and the private (or privatised) spheres, where ownership relations define access to resources and attention. Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively

The social domain is often also contrasted with that of physical nature, but in sociobiology analogies are drawn between humans and other living species in order to explain social behavior in terms of biological factors. Sociobiology is a neo-Darwinian and Socialism Synthesis of Scientific disciplines that attempts to explain Social behavior Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus In Biology, Psychology and Sociology social behavior is behavior directed towards society or taking place between members of the same species Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles The term "social" is also added in various other academic sub-disciplines such as social geography, social psychology, social anthropology, social philosophy, social ontology, social statistics and social choice theory in mathematics. Human geography is a branch of Geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the environment with particular reference to Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact Social anthropology is the branch of Anthropology that studies how currently living human beings behave in social groups Social philosophy is the philosophical study of questions about social Behavior (typically of Humans. Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement systems to study Human behavior in a social environment Social choice theory studies voting rules that govern and describe how individual preferences are aggregated to form a collective preference

Regional uses

There is a peculiar use of "social" in some parts of the world. In the Canadian province of Manitoba, a "social" is a fund raising party (for a wedding, non-profit organisation, charity, or some other worthy cause). Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America It is also known as a Manitoba Social. Typically, they will include music (current popular music for the youth and "oldies" music for older adults), dancing, food, raffles (and other fund raising games). When held in support of a wedding, often they are used as a way to shake down some details of the wedding (e. g. , letting the bride try a hair style, practicing dancing, etc. ).

Another common meaning of a "social" in English-speaking countries such as Britain, New Zealand, Canada and Australia is that of a leisure-time gathering with food and drink, organised by an institution, association, or company. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A distinguishing feature is that it is deliberately organised at a venue at a predetermined time. Thus one might say, "are you going to the social?", meaning a social event by some organisation.

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